DOCSLIB.ORG

09. Shafaat Rashid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
09. Shafaat Rashid Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2009;15(2):130-134 Original Article Klinik Çal›flma Injuries from bear (Ursus thibetanus) attacks in Kashmir Kaflmir’de ay› (Ursus thibetanus) sald›r›lar›ndan kaynaklanan yaralanmalar Shafaat Rashid TAK, Gh Nabi DAR, Manzoor Ahmed HALWAI, Bashir Ahmed MIR BACKGROUND AMAÇ Strict conservation of wildlife and encroachment into its habi- Kaflmir eyaletinde vahfli yaflam›n ve vahfli yaflamsal alanlara tat have led to an increase in the number of wild animal- tecavüzün s›k› bir flekilde korunmas›, vahfli hayvan kaynakl› inflicted injuries and fatalities in Kashmir. The aim of this yaralanmalarda ve ölümlerde bir art›fla yol açm›flt›r. Bu yaz›- study was to report injuries inflicted during bear attacks and da, ay› sald›r›lar›ndan kaynaklanan yaralanmalar ve sekellerin discuss their management and sequelae. tedavisindeki düzenlemeler de¤erlendirildi. METHODS GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Ocak 2003 ile Haziran 2007 tarihleri aras›nda, Kaflmir Orthopedics Government Medical College Srinagar, Üniversitesi Srinagar Devlet T›p F a k ü l t e s i , Ortopedi ve University of Kashmir, from January 2003 to June 2007. A Travmatoloji Bölümü’nde retrospektif bir çal›flma yürütüldü; total of 254 cases (186 males, 68 females) with history of bear 54 ayl›k bir sürede, ay› sald›r›s› hikayesi bulunan toplam 254 attacks were recorded over a period of 54 months. olgu (186 erkek, 68 kad›n) kaydedildi. RESULTS BULGULAR Eighty percent of victims were attacked in the maize fields Kurbanlar›n %80’inin m›s›r tarlalar› ile elma bahçelerinde ve and apple orchards and 20% in the dense forests while collect- %20’sinin de s›k ormanl›k alanda odun toplarken veya s›¤›r ing firewood or tending to the cattle. Lacerations of the head otlat›rken sald›r›ya u¤rad›¤› ö¤renildi. Bafl-boyunda laseras- and neck and fractures of the upper limbs and facial and skull yonlar, üst ekstremite k›r›klar›, yüz ve kafatas› kemi¤i k›r›kla- bones were the striking observations. Permanent facial disfig- r› dikkat çeken gözlemlerdi. Hastalar›n ço¤undaki uzun süreli urement, hearing loss, loss of digits, residual neurodeficit, and sekeller flöyleydi: Kal›c› yüz flekil bozuklu¤u, iflitme kayb›, persistent psychological morbidity were the long-term seque- parmak kayb›, kalıcı nörolojik bozukluk ve süre¤en psikolojik lae in most of the patients. morbidite. CONCLUSION SONUÇ Wild animal-inflicted injuries are a neglected part of trauma. Vahfli hayvan kaynakl› yaralanmalar, travman›n ihmal edilen There should be a high index of suspicion when treating these bir konusudur. Altta yatan ciddi kemik veya yumuflak doku injuries, as serious underlying bone or soft-tissue damage can hasar›n›n gözden kaç›r›labilece¤i gerekçesiyle, bu yaralan- be overlooked. Management of these injuries involves all malar tedavi edilirken kuflku düzeyi yüksek tutulmal›d›r. En subspecialties of trauma to achieve the best functional out- iyi fonksiyonel sonucu elde etmek üzere, bu yaralanmalar›n c o m e . tedavisi travman›n tüm alt uzmanl›k dallar›n› kapsamaktad›r. Key Words: Animals; animal injuries; bear; facial injuries; manage- Anahtar Sözcükler: Hayvanlar; hayvan yaralamalar›; ay ›; yüz ment; outcome. yaralanmas›; tedavi; sonuç. Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College Srinagar, Kaflmir Üniversitesi, Srinagar Devlet T›p Koleji, University of Kashmir, Kashmir, India. Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Bölümü, Kaflmir, Hindistan. Correspondence (‹letiflim): Shafaat Rashid Tak, M.D. Bone and Joint Surgery Hospital Barzulla Srinagar, India 19000 Srinagar, I n d i a . Tel: +091-9419005535 Fax ( F a k s ): +09 1 - 0194243730 e-m a i l ( e -p o s t a) : s h a f a a t r a s h i d @ g m a i l . c o m 130 Injuries from bear (Ursus thibetanus) attacks in Kashmir The alarming increase in the incidence of wild to June 2007 with history of injury from bear attacks animal-inflicted injuries in the recent past in were reviewed. The records of these victims were Kashmir has led to many mortalities and serious also reviewed in the Wildlife Protection Department morbidity. The steadily increasing human population of Jammu and Kashmir. The results were formulated in areas in close proximity to the jungle and the after combining the information collected from these reduction in the staple food of wild animals have two different sources. forced these dangerous predators to move into areas occupied by humans. Animal bites are encountered RESULTS frequently in trauma centers and the resulting A total of 254 cases were recorded over a period injuries range from innocuous to life-threatening.[1] of 54 months. There were 186 (71.7%) males and 68 These injuries are distinct from other injuries sus- (28.3%) females, including 16 children (Table 1). tained by humans, such as tearing, cutting, penetrat- Two hundred and three (80%) victims were attacked ing and crushing injuries combined with falls and in the maize fields and apple orchards; only 51 large animal forces causing blunt trauma.[2] These (20%) victims were attacked in the dense forests. injuries are complex and their management involves Deep lacerations to the scalp, face and trunk were a multidisciplinary approach. Many animal attacks the most common findings, affecting 163 (64%) occur in remote areas with substantial delay before patients. Upper limb (24%) and facial (19%) and notification, rescue and presentation for definitive skull bone (18%) fractures were a striking observa- care.[2] Several factors need to be considered when tion. Hearing loss, intracranial bleed and fractures of evaluating these injuries, including type of animal the ribs were seen in 12.%, 6% and 4.7% of patients, involved, specific nature and location of wounds, respectively. Avulsion of tendons and nerves of the circumstances of attack, and interval between injury forearm and hand was seen in 28% of patients. and treatment. Of great concern are direct destruc- Injuries to the eyes and external ears were less com- [1] tion of tissue and risk of infection. There should be mon (Table 2). Long-term sequelae in most of the a high index of suspicion when treating these patients were permanent facial disfigurement injuries, as serious underlying bone or soft-tissue (10.6%) (Fig. 1), loss of digits (4.3%), hearing loss damage can be overlooked. (12.5%) and stiffness of the joints (21.5%). Residual The actual incidence of these injuries is not only neurodeficit (1.9%) and persistent psychological difficult but also impossible to know, as most of the morbidity were seen in some patients (Table 3). casualties never seek medical attention. Dog bites There were two mortalities. One was due to massive are reported to constitute about 50%-90% of all ani- mal-inflicted injuries,[1-4] but in Kashmir, victims of Table 1. Sex distribution of the victims bear and leopard attacks constitute the majority of Sex No. of victims No. of children the patients requiring medical attention.[5] The vic- tims of bear attacks sustain complex fractures of the Males 186 (71.7%) 9 extremities and disfiguring injuries to the face, but Females 68 (28.3%) 7 fortunately few people die in these attacks. No reports in the literature have presented a sizable Table 2. Injury pattern series of injuries from bear attacks in Kashmir. Total number of patients 254 The aim of this paper was to report a sizable Deep lacerations to the scalp, face and trunk 163 (64%) series of bear-inflicted injuries and discuss their Upper limb fractures 61 (24%) management and complications. Lower limb fractures 8 (3%) Rib fractures 12 (4.7%) MATERIALS AND METHODS Skull fractures 46 (18%) A retrospective study was conducted in the Facial bone fractures 49 (19%) Department of Orthopedics Government Medical Intracranial hemorrhage 16 (6%) College Srinagar of the University of Kashmir. This External ear injuries 5 (2%) is one of the prestigious tertiary care trauma and Internal ear injuries 32 (12.5%) research centers of India, catering to a population of Eye evisceration 2 (0.8%) five million. The case histories of all the patients Femoral vessel injury 1 (0.4%) who presented to this institution from January 2003 Tendon and nerve avulsions 71 (28%) Cilt - Vol. 15 Say› - No. 2 131 Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg Table 3. Sequelae of injuries Number of patients 131 / 254 Disfigurement of face 27 (10.6%) Fig. 1. Severe lacera- Residual neurodeficit 5 (1.9%) tions to the face and Hearing loss 32 (12.5%) avulsion of the maxil- Stiffness of joints 54 (21.5%) la leading to perma- Loss of eye 2 (0.8%) nent disfigurement of Partial amputations of limbs 11 (4.3%) the face. intracranial hemorrhage and delayed presentation for eye was done in two patients who had complete per- definitive care; the second case did not receive the foration of globe (Fig. 3 ) . In patients with tetanus prophylaxis and medical care in a timely metacarpal fractures and tendon lacerations, stiffness manner and died later of tetanus. of hand persisted after completion of treatment. Tables 1, 2 and 3 present the sex distribution, injury The survivors were admitted and treated as per pattern and the sequelae among the survivors. the Advanced Life Trauma Support with an average follow-up of 24.5 months (5-42 months). Copious DISCUSSION irrigation and debridement of the wounds was done Among the injuries sustained by man, road traffic immediately. A combination of parenteral antibiotics accidents, fall from heights, firearm injuries, and (cephalosporin, amino glycoside and fluoro- mass disasters have been the focus of most reports. quinolone) was started and modified according to Wild animal-inflicted injuries are thought to be rare the culture sensitivity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maxillofacial Bite Injuries Treatment – 20 Years Experience
    Cent. Eur. J. Med. • 9(3) • 2014 • 461-467 DOI: 10.2478/s11536-013-0296-9 Central European Journal of Medicine Maxillofacial bite injuries treatment – 20 years experience Research Article Konstantinović S. Vitomir*1, Puzović Z. Dragana2 1 Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade,1 1000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Institute of Forensic Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Received 29 November 2012; Accepted 24 June 2013 Abstract: Management of bite injuries of the face is a part of everyday maxillofacial practice. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the bite injuries in the maxillo-facial region and to recommend treatment protocols. Materials and methods: The study was performed as a retrospective analysis of the medical records of University Clinic for maxillo-facial surgery in Belgrade. A total of 408 patients were treated for bite injuries of the maxillofacial region according to the same surgical protocol. Results: Animal bite injuries (92.9%) were much more common than human bites (7.1%). Dog bites (98.9%) were almost exclusive among animal bite injuries. Young males (58.7%), children and adolescents (44%) are predominately involved. The most frequently injured facial structure were lips (49.2%). Human bites presented in young males (86.2%), resulted from physical conflicts (58.6%) mostly affected cheeks (50%). Majority of injuries were Lackmann`s Class I and II. Conclusions: There were no reported infections or other complications after treatment with no need for secondary reconstruction. Factors that contribute to a good clinical outcome are: stage of the injury; short time interval from the injury to the admission into the hospital; no infection signs on admission; adequate surgical protocol with antibiotic prophylaxis.
    [Show full text]
  • Year 4 Week 10 Reading Monday Read the End of the Story
    Year 4 week 10 reading Monday Read the end of the story Read Ananse, the forgetful guest – Part 2. This is the end of the story we began on week 9. How does this ending compare with the ending that you predicted? Tuesday Watch the video clip about an Impala and a Leopard. Don’t be worried: it has a happy ending! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhSDxp0oQK8 Read some facts about leopards afterwards. www.bbc.co.uk/bigcat/animals/leopards/leopards.shtml Wednesday Read and find out facts about another cat such as a lion, tiger or a jaguar. Thursday Answer some questions Answer questions 1 to 5 about the video clip on the impala and the leopard. Think carefully about your answers. Write your answers as clear sentences. Friday Answer some questions Answer questions 6 to 9 about the video clip on the impala and the leopard. Think carefully about your answers. Write your answers as clear sentences. Year 4 week 10 reading Year 4 week 10 reading Year 4 week 10 reading Questions 1. Use a dictionary to find the meaning of the word ‘versatile’? Write the meaning that applies to the clip. 2. Why did the presenter say that leopards are the most versatile of all the big cats? 3. Why does the leopard need to slip pass the male puku without being seen? 4. Where did the leopard find cover for an ambush? 5. Why did the leopard attack the male puku? 6. According to the clip, how might the leopard succeed in finding its prey? 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Attacks by Leopards in Uttarakhand, India: an Assessment Based on Perceptions of Affected People and Stakeholders
    Human attacks by leopards in Uttarakhand, India: an assessment based on perceptions of affected people and stakeholders Study period: 2014-15 Date of report out: 6 April 2016 Project team: Sanjay Sondhi, Vidya Athreya, Anchal Sondhi, Arun Prasad, Amit Verma & Neha Verma Leopard image © Manoj Nair 1 of 35 Human attacks by leopards in Uttarakhand, India: an assessment based on perceptions of affected people and stakeholders Sanjay Sondhi1, Vidya Athreya3, Anchal Sondhi1, Arun Prasad1, Amit Verma2, Neha Verma2 1 Titli Trust, 49 Rajpur Road Enclave, Dhoran Khas, near IT Park, P.O. Gujrada, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India. www.titlitrust.com. 2Uttarakhand Forest Department 3Wildlife Conservation Society - India. 1669, 31st cross, 16th main, Banashankari 2nd stage. Bangalore. 560070. India. Corresponding author: [email protected] Key words human wildlife conflict, Himalayas, Panthera pardus, social survey Abstract Attacks on humans by leopards have been a serious issue for many decades in Uttarakhand, India. This study uses forest department compensation data between 1998 and 2012 to ascertain conflict intensity in Uttarakhand and examines the social aspects of the conflict using on-the-ground assessment with affected victims, their families and associates of victims as well as other stakeholders such as forest department personnel, local community members, hunters and non-governmental organizations. A total of 80 interviews were conducted in 69 villages in five Forest Divisions of Pauri Garhwal, Tehri Garhwal, Almora, Lansdowne and Mussoorie. In addition 35 stakeholders were interviewed. Based on these interviews, the nature of leopard attacks on people, the landscape in which these attacks occurred, the seasons and times during which these attacks occurred were analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Harmful and Toxic Creatures in the Goa of Jordan
    Published by the Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan. P. O. Box 831051, Abdel Aziz El Thaalbi St., Shmesani 11183. Amman Copyright: © The Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written approval from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. ISBN: 978-9957-8740-1-8 Deposit Number at the National Library: 2619/6/2016 Citation: Eid, E and Al Tawaha, M. (2016). A Guide to Harmful and Toxic Creature in the Gulf of Aqaba of Jordan. The Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan. ISBN: 978-9957-8740-1-8. Pp 84. Material was reviewed by Dr Nidal Al Oran, International Research Center for Water, Environment and Energy\ Al Balqa’ Applied University,and Dr. Omar Attum from Indiana University Southeast at the United State of America. Cover page: Vlad61; Shutterstock Library All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder, and it should not be reproduced or used in other contexts without permission. 1 Content Index of Creatures Described in this Guide ......................................................... 5 Preface ................................................................................................................ 6 Part One: Introduction ......................................................................................... 8 1.1 The Gulf of Aqaba; Jordan ......................................................................... 8 1.2 Aqaba;
    [Show full text]
  • Black Bear Attack Associations and Agency Risk Management
    BLACK BEAR ATTACK ASSOCIATIONS AND AGENCY RISK MANAGEMENT By Janel Marie Scharhag A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NATURAL RESOURCES (WILDLIFE) College of Natural Resources UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-STEVENS POINT Stevens Point, Wisconsin May 2019 APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE COMMITTEE OF: _____________________________________________________________ Dr. Cady Sartini, Graduate Advisor, Assistant Professor of Wildlife _____________________________________________________________ Dr. Shawn Crimmins, Assistant Professor of Wildlife _____________________________________________________________ Dr. Scott Hygnstrom, Professor of Wildlife ____________________________________________________________ Dr. Jeff Stetz, Research Coordinator, Region IV Alaska Fish and Game ii ABSTRACT Attacks by bears on humans have increased in the United States as both human and bear populations have risen. To mitigate the risk of future attacks, it is prudent to understand past attacks. Information and analyses are available regarding fatal attacks by both black (Ursus americanus) and brown bears (U. arctos), and non-fatal attacks by brown bears. No similar analyses on non-fatal black bear attacks are available. Our study addressed this information gap by analyzing all agency-confirmed, non-fatal attacks by black bears in the 48 conterminous United States from 2000-2017. Government agencies across the country are responsible for species conservation, population management, and conflict control. State, federal, and tribal agencies are required to make decisions that communicate and mitigate the risk of an attack to the public. Agencies have been held legally responsible for those decisions, consuming time and money in litigation. This had led to a call for a more refined way to assess the risk of a bear attack with the creation of a risk management model (RMM).
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Small Private Game Reserves in Leopard Panthera Pardus and Other Carnivore Conservation in South Africa
    The role of small private game reserves in leopard Panthera pardus and other carnivore conservation in South Africa Tara J. Pirie Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of The University of Reading for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences November 2016 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my supervisors Professor Mark Fellowes and Dr Becky Thomas, without whom this thesis would not have been possible. I am sincerely grateful for their continued belief in the research and my ability and have appreciated all their guidance and support. I especially would like to thank Mark for accepting this project. I would like to acknowledge Will & Carol Fox, Alan, Lynsey & Ronnie Watson who invited me to join Ingwe Leopard Research and then aided and encouraged me to utilize the data for the PhD thesis. I would like to thank Andrew Harland for all his help and support for the research and bringing it to the attention of the University. I am very grateful to the directors of the Protecting African Wildlife Conservation Trust (PAWct) and On Track Safaris for their financial support and to the landowners and participants in the research for their acceptance of the research and assistance. I would also like to thank all the Ingwe Camera Club members; without their generosity this research would not have been possible to conduct and all the Ingwe Leopard Research volunteers and staff of Thaba Tholo Wilderness Reserve who helped to collect data and sort through countless images. To Becky Freeman, Joy Berry-Baker
    [Show full text]
  • 'Man-Eating·' Among Lions Panthera Leo with a Reconstruction of the Natural History of the 'Man-Eaters of Tsayo'
    Journal of East African Natural History 90: 1-40 (2001) THE SCIENCE OF 'MAN-EATING·' AMONG LIONS PANTHERA LEO WITH A RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE 'MAN-EATERS OF TSAYO' Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans University College, Roosevelt University 430 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, IL, 60605-1394, U.S.A. & Division of Mammals, Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, U.S.A. jkerbis~frrn]h.org Thomas Patrick Gnoske Bird Division, Zoology Department, Field Museum of Natural History 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 1160605-2496, U.S.A. tgnoske~frrn]h. org ABSTRACT The story of the 'Man-eaters of Tsavo' has been retold through script, cinema, and oral tradition in the 100+ years since their infamous 'reign of terror'. Despite their predictably broad popular appeal, the details pertaining to the natural history of these lions Panthera leo have never been reviewed. The skulls and skins of these lions have resided at the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) for over 75 years. An analysis of the skull of the primary culprit displays a traumatic injury that may have limited his predatory ability in subduing 'normal' prey. A sample of hairs, reflecting the diet of both man-eaters, is preserved in the broken and exposed cavities of their canines. Various additional circumstances likely contributed to their man-eating habit. The Tsavo incident closely followed the debut of rinderpest on the continent, which devastated cattle and buffalo, the primary prey of the Tsavo lion. The Tsavo 'nyika' consists of a dense thorn scrub thicket limiting visibility and passage, representing an ideal habitat for an 'ambush predator'.
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Chang Tang Region of Tibet
    Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Chang Tang Region of Tibet: The Impact of Tibetan Brown Bears and Other Wildlife on Nomadic Herders Dawa Tsering, John Farrington, and Kelsang Norbu August 2006 WWF China – Tibet Program Author Contact Information: Dawa Tsering, Tibet Academy of Social Sciences and WWF China – Tibet Program Tashi Nota Hotel 24 North Linkuo Rd. Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850 000 People’s Republic of China [email protected] (+86)(891) 636-4380 John D. Farrington Tibet University 36 Jiangsu Road Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850 000 People’s Republic of China [email protected] [email protected] Kelsang Norbu WWF China – Tibet Program Tashi Nota Hotel 24 North Linkuo Rd. Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850 000 People’s Republic of China [email protected] Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Chang Tang Region of Tibet Abstract The multiple-use Chang Tang and Seling Lake Nature Reserves were created in 1993 to protect the unique assemblage of large fauna inhabiting the high-altitude steppe grasslands of northern Tibet, including the Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild ass, Tibetan brown bear, Tibetan Gazelle, wild yak, and snow leopard. Prior to creation of the reserve, many of these species were heavily hunted for meat and sale of parts. Since creation of the reserve, however, killing of wildlife by subsistence hunters and commercial poachers has declined while in the past five years a new problem has emerged, that of human-wildlife conflict. With human, livestock, and wildlife populations in the reserves all increasing, and animals apparently emboldened by reserve-wide hunting bans, all forms of human-wildlife conflict have surged rapidly since 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • 1944 Wolf Attacks on Humans: an Update for 2002–2020
    1944 Wolf attacks on humans: an update for 2002–2020 John D. C. Linnell, Ekaterina Kovtun & Ive Rouart NINA Publications NINA Report (NINA Rapport) This is NINA’s ordinary form of reporting completed research, monitoring or review work to clients. In addition, the series will include much of the institute’s other reporting, for example from seminars and conferences, results of internal research and review work and literature studies, etc. NINA NINA Special Report (NINA Temahefte) Special reports are produced as required and the series ranges widely: from systematic identification keys to information on important problem areas in society. Usually given a popular scientific form with weight on illustrations. NINA Factsheet (NINA Fakta) Factsheets have as their goal to make NINA’s research results quickly and easily accessible to the general public. Fact sheets give a short presentation of some of our most important research themes. Other publishing. In addition to reporting in NINA's own series, the institute’s employees publish a large proportion of their research results in international scientific journals and in popular academic books and journals. Wolf attacks on humans: an update for 2002– 2020 John D. C. Linnell Ekaterina Kovtun Ive Rouart Norwegian Institute for Nature Research NINA Report 1944 Linnell, J. D. C., Kovtun, E. & Rouart, I. 2021. Wolf attacks on hu- mans: an update for 2002–2020. NINA Report 1944 Norwegian In- stitute for Nature Research. Trondheim, January, 2021 ISSN: 1504-3312 ISBN: 978-82-426-4721-4 COPYRIGHT © Norwegian
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the First National Conference on Zoology
    1 Biodiversity in a Changing World Proceedings of First National Conference on Zoology 28-30 November 2020 Published By Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal Supported By “Biodiversity in a Changing World” Proceedings of the First National Conference on Zoology 28–30 November 2020 ISBN: Published in 2021 © CDZ, TU Editors Laxman Khanal, PhD Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, PhD Indra Prasad Subedi Jagan Nath Adhikari Published By Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal Webpage: www.cdztu.edu.np 3 Preface The Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University is delighted to publish a proceeding of the First National Conference on Zoology: Biodiversity in a Changing World. The conference was organized on the occasional of the 55 Anniversary of the Department from November 28–30, 2020 on a virtual platform by the Central Department of Zoology and its Alumni and was supported by the IUCN Nepal, National Trust for Nature Conservation, WWF Nepal and Zoological Society of London Nepal office. Faunal biodiversity is facing several threats of natural and human origin. These threats have brought widespread changes in species, ecosystem process, landscapes, and adversely affecting human health, agriculture and food security and energy security. These exists large knowledge base on fauna of Nepal. Initially, foreign scientist and researchers began explored faunal biodiversity of Nepal and thus significantly contributed knowledge base. But over the decades, many Nepali scientists and students have heavily researched on the faunal resources of Nepal. Collaboration and interaction between foreign researchers and Nepali researchers and students are important step for further research and conservation of Nepali fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Sloth Bear Attacks on Humans in Central India: Implications for Species Conservation
    Human–Wildlife Interactions 12(3):338–347, Winter 2018 • digitalcommons.usu.edu/hwi Sloth bear attacks on humans in central India: implications for species conservation Nisha Singh, Wildlife & Conservation Biology Research Lab, HNG University, Patan, Gujarat, India -384265 [email protected] Swapnil Sonone, Youth for Nature Conservation Organization, Amravati, Maharashtra, India - 444606 Nishith Dharaiya, Wildlife & Conservation Biology Research Lab, HNG University, Patan Gujarat, India -384265 Abstract: Conflicts with wild animals are increasing as human populations grow and related anthropogenic activities encroach into wildlife habitats. A good example of this situation is the increase in conflicts between humans and sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) in India. Sloth bears are known for their aggressive and unpredictable behavior. More human fatalities and injuries have been attributed to sloth bear attacks than all recorded incidences of wildlife attacks in Buldhana Forest Division of Maharashtra, India. We interviewed 51 victims that were attacked by sloth bears between 2009-2017 to better understand the reasons for the attacks. Thirty- four of the attacks (66.7%) resulted in serious injuries, and there were 7 human mortalities (13.7%) reported. Most attacks occurred close to agricultural fields (66.7%) and during mid- day (1100–1400 hours). More attacks (64.7%) occurred when a person was working or resting in the field, or retrieving water for the field followed by attacks while watching over grazing livestock (13.7%). Individuals aged 31 to 40 years (35.3%) were the most common victims of sloth bear attacks. Half of the attacks were during monsoon season (July to October, 51%) followed by summer (March to June, 35%) and winter (November to February, 14%).
    [Show full text]
  • A Clinician's Guide to Australian Venomous Bites and Stings
    Incorporating the updated CSL Antivenom Handbook Bites and Stings Australian Venomous Guide to A Clinician’s A Clinician’s Guide to DC-3234 Australian Venomous Bites and Stings Incorporating the updated CSL Antivenom Handbook Associate Professor Julian White Associate Professor Principal author Principal author Principal author Associate Professor Julian White The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of bioCSL Pty Ltd. Before administering or prescribing any prescription product mentioned in this publication please refer to the relevant Product Information. Product Information leafl ets for bioCSL’s antivenoms are available at www.biocsl.com.au/PI. This handbook is not for sale. Date of preparation: February 2013. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry. Author: White, Julian. Title: A clinician’s guide to Australian venomous bites and stings: incorporating the updated CSL antivenom handbook / Professor Julian White. ISBN: 9780646579986 (pbk.) Subjects: Bites and stings – Australia. Antivenins. Bites and stings – Treatment – Australia. Other Authors/ Contributors: CSL Limited (Australia). Dewey Number: 615.942 Medical writing and project management services for this handbook provided by Dr Nalini Swaminathan, Nalini Ink Pty Ltd; +61 416 560 258; [email protected]. Design by Spaghetti Arts; +61 410 357 140; [email protected]. © Copyright 2013 bioCSL Pty Ltd, ABN 26 160 735 035; 63 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia. bioCSL is a trademark of CSL Limited. bioCSL understands that clinicians may need to reproduce forms and fl owcharts in this handbook for the clinical management of cases of envenoming and permits such reproduction for these purposes. However, except for the purpose of clinical management of cases of envenoming from bites/stings from Australian venomous fauna, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process in any language without the prior written consent of bioCSL Pty Ltd.
    [Show full text]