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Ultraviolet Radiation and Coral Reefs' Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology

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Ultraviolet Radiation and Coral Reefs' Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology HA@AU-W 94-005 C3 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND CORAL REEFS EDITED BY: D. GULKQ AND P. L. JOKIEL HAWAI'I INSTITUTE OF MARINE BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I HAWAI'I INSTITUTE OF MARINE BIOLOGY HONOLULU, HAWAI'I TECHNICAL REPORT NQ. 41 DEC. 1995 SEA GRANT PUBLICATION UNIHI-SEAGRANT-CR-95-03 TABLE OF CONTENTS Liat of Workshop 4 Summer Program Participants. An Introduction to the study of UV on coral reefs Paul Jokiel Introduction: Plenary Addreai: Ultraviolet light and the origin of life David Mauzerall. Dh no, not another workshop: A summary of previous UV workshops Michael P. Lesser 13 General overview of Inetrumentatlon, experimental methods, and attenuation of UV radiation into natural waters Michael P. Lesser .....,................................................................. Introduction to materials and methods commonly used by participants in the 1994 HIIIB Summer Program on 'UV Radiation and Coral Reefs' Dave Gulko, Michael P. Lesser, and Michael Ondrusek....,...... ,. ., .19 An introduction to the UV environment of Kana'ohe Bay, Hawal'i Dave Gulko. ,25 Attenuation ln Kane'ohe Bay aa interpreted from PUV profilee Karen W. Patterson. Plankton: The influence of solar UV-8 radiation on copepoda in the lagoon at Coconut island, Hawai'i kiroaki Saito and Satoru Taguchl... A biological weighting function for phytopiankton growth inhibition Peter J. M. Peterson, Ray C. Smith, Karen W. Patterson,and Paul L. Jokiel..... ... 51 Physiological and biochemical effect of UV radiation on the marine phytoplanirton Nannochlorepaie ap. and Dunegefle ap. Barbara Butow and Tamar Fisher 61 Gorais: Horizontal and vertical distribution of MAAs In Hawaiian coraia: a depth profile and a survey llsa Kuffner, Michael E, Ondrusek, and Michael Lesser UV-absorbing compounds in the coral PoNIlopora damfcorrrir. effects of light, water flow and ultraviolet radiation Paul L. Jokiel, Michael P. Lesser, and Michael E. Ondrusek. 87 Reaponee of a Pacific stony coral to short-term exposure of ultraviolet and visible light Sarah K. Lawis......,....., ... ......,...,, 89 Bleaching and lipida in the Pacific coral Monfipora verrucoea Andrea G. Grottoli-Everett ....107 Uneven bleaching within a coral coiony ln responseto differing levels of solar radiation Andrea G, Grottoli-Evaritt and Ilsa Kuffner. 115 The metabolic response of Fung a ecutarla to elevated temperatures under various UV radiation regimes SophiaV. Hohlbauch. 121 Preliminaryreport on the occurrenoeof mycoaporlne-likeamino acids in the eggs of the Hawaiianscleractinian corals Morrtlpora verrucoaa and Fungus scutarfa DavidA. Kruppand JacquelineBlanck 129 Effects of ultraviolet radiation on fertllizatlon in the Hawaiian cor3I Furrfife soutarfa Dave Gulko.. ....135 The effect of UV on settlement of the planula larvae of pocillopora damieornls Andrew Baker. ... 149 Zooxsnthellae: Ultravioletradiation: helpful or harmful to zooxanthellaeculture growths Scott R. Santos 165 Seaweeds: Surveyof mycosporlne-likeamino acids ln rnacrophyteaof Kane'oheBay Prnastazia T. Banaszak and Michael P. Lesser ... ,............. 1 71 Kffecta of ultraviolet radiation and nitrogen enrichment on growth In the coral reef chlorophytes DIctjroaphaeriecavernosa and D~oeptraerfa versluyaii. Scott Lamed . .....181 phototoxlcity: phototoxlclty ln a coral reef flat community Rite Peacheyand Don Crosby.......................... ...193 UV IL VIske: UV vision by marine animals: mainly questions Nadav Shashar . 201 polarizationvision aa a mechanismfor detection of transparentobjects Nadav.'lMarhar, Loana Arldesi, and Thomas W. Cronin .. .207 INalgne for subraeralble imaging polarirneters NadaVShrurhar, Thcmaa W. Crcnin, CeeOrgeJOhnSOn, and LmvrenoeB. Wciff... .....213 Ultraviolet imagery GeorgeLossy, Craig w. Ha~ehls1, WilliamN. McFarhnd, Ellis R. Lowe, Tom W. Cronin, and Dhne Flore. 219 Conclusions: Work!hop roundtable dlscuaelon on -Directions in Marine UV Reeearch"...,...223 Appendices: Appendix I: Couree syllabus for the 18S4 Edwin W. Pauley Summer Program ln Marine Biology - "VV Radiation on Coral Reefs".... ....229 Appendix II: Ultraviolet Radiation ln Tropical Coastal Ecoeyetema Workshop Schedule 231 Appendix III: UV Measurement Instrumentatlon Comparison Chart... ....233 Subject index. 237 Participants: 1994 Edwift W. Peuiey Summer Program 'Ultraviolet Radiation and Coral Reefs' Hawai'i institute of Marine Biology Workshop on Meseuremeftt of Ultraviolet Radiation Irt Tropical Coastal Ecosysterns Held at the East-WestCenter, Universityof Hawai'i, August 3rd - 5th, 1994. A~, Loana Ms.!' Butow,Barbara Ms.! ' Department of Oceanography Lake Kinneret Limnological Lab. University of Hawai'i at Manoa POB 345 Honolulu, Hl 98744 Blat ISRAEL Amrami,Dov Mr.! ' Chadwick-Furman, Nanette Dr.! Department of Life Sciences Interunivemity of Eilat Bar-lian University 52900 M. Steinitr Marine Laboritory Ramet~ P.O. Box 489 ISRAEL Elat ISRAEL Baker, Andrew Mr.! ' Cronin, ~mes Dr,! Marine Biology and Fisheries DepL of Biological Sciences University of Miami Univ. of Maryland BatbmoreCtny. 4800 RickenbackerCswy 5401 Wiikens Avenue Miami, FL 33149 Baltimore, MD 21228-5398 Banaszak,Ania Ms.! ' Crosby,Donald Dr.!" Department of Biological Sci. Dept. of Env. Toxicology U.C.S.B U.C, Davis Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Davis, CA 9561M$88 Bidwell, Roy N. Dr.! Dubinsky, Zvy Dr.! Dep't. of Biological Sciences Dept. of Ufe Sciences Los Positas College Bar-lian University 52900 LIvermore, CA 94550 Ramat-Gan ISRAEL BIanck, Jaqueline Ms.! Fiore, Diane Ms.! Hawai'i Instituteof Manna Biology Optics For Research P. O. Box 1348 P.O. Box 82 Kana'ohe, Hl 96744 Cakfwell, NJ 07006 Rsher,Tamer Ms.! Kinzie,Bob Dr.!" Dept. of Ufe Sciences HawalffInstitute of MarineBiology Bar-lian University 52900 Uniwasiiy of Hawal'I Ramat~ P.O. Box 1346 ISRAEL Kana'ohe, HI 96744 Gitelson,Anatoly Dr.! Krupp,David Dr.! " J.Baustein institute for Desert Research Hawal1I~ of MarineBiology Ben GurionUniversity of the Negev Universityof Hawai'i Sade Boker Campus 84993 P.O. Box 1346 ISRAEL Kana'ohe, Hl 96744 Grottol4Everett,Andrea Ms.! ' Kuffner,Ilsa B. Ms,! ' Defertment of Biology Hawai'iInstitute of MarineBiolog University of Houston Ureversityof Hawai'i 8282 CambridgeN904 P.O. Box 1348 House, TX 77054 Kana'ohe, Hl 96744 Gutko,David Mr.!' Lamed,Scott Mr.! ' Hawai'IInsltuie of MarineBiology Dept. of Zoology Unlvenity of Hawait Un~ of Hawaii P.O. Box 1346 Honolulu, HI.96822 Kana'ohe, Hl 96744 Hawqehyn,Cnig Dr.! Lesser,Michael Dr.!" Universityof Victoria Dept. of Zoology P.O. Box 1700 Spalding Building Vlciorta, BC VSW 2Y2 Universityof New Hampshire GIANT Durham, NH 03824 Hohlbauch,Sophia Ms.! ' Lewis, Sarah Ms.! Universityof Calff,Santa Barbar instituteof Ecology 130Anoqul Rd. Universityof Georgia Santa Barbara, CA 93108 . P.O. Box 2829 Athens, GA 30602-2202 Iluz,David Mr.!' Loew, Ellis Dr.! Departmentof Uts Sciervxe Dept. of Physiology Zxcv Bar-ffanUrlrersity 5290 Coffege of Vet. Medicine Ran ~ Cornell University ISRAEL ~ Naw York 14653 Jokiel,Paul Dr.! Losey,George Dr.! Hawai'iinstffute of MarineBiohgy Havvw1 Inshtuie of Manna Bnlogy Universityof Hawai1 University of Hawai'i P.O. Box 1346 P.O. Box 1346 Kana'ohe, HI 96744 Kane'ohe, Hl 96744 Mauzersll,David Dr.! Santos,Scott Mr.! ' The Rockefeller University Dept.of Zoology 1230 York Avenue Box 293 Universityof Hawai'i New York, New York 10021 2538 The Mall Honoluiu, Hl 96822 Morrow,John H. Dr.! Shashar.Nadav Mr.! BiospherfcalInstruments, Inc. Dept.of BiologicalSciences 5340 RileySt. BaltimoreCounty Campus San Diego, CA 92110-2621 Baltimore, Maryland 21228-5398 McFarland,William Dr.! Stambler, Noga Dr.! Director,Philip K. WrigleyMarine Science Alfred-Wegener-Institute Center at Catalina Inst. for Polar & Marine Research P.O. Box 398 Postfach 120161, Avalon, Calif. 90704 Columbusstrase, D-285D Bremerhaven, GERMANY Ondiusek,Michael Mr.!' Suttie,Curtis Dr.! Dept.of Oceanography Universityof Texasat Austin MarineScience Bldg. 607 Marine Science Insbtu Universityof Hawsi'iat Manoa P.O. Box 1267 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Port ArantuLs,TX 78373-1267 Patterson,Karen Ms,! Taguchi, Satoru Dr.! Dept.of Geography Chief,Biologicaf Ocn. Univsrsityof California Nat. Fish. Research InsL Santa Bartiara, CA 93106 Katsura4oi 116, Kushiro,E-Mail: Representing Ray Smith's Iab! Hokkaido 085 JAPAN Peachey,Rita Ms.!' Yakobi, Yosef Dr.! Dept.of Zoology The YigalAIIon Kinneret Universityof Hawai'i LimnologicalLatxiratory 2538 The Mali Lake KinneretLimnological Lab. Honolulu, Hl 96822 POB 345, Tiberias 14102 ISRAEL Reeks-Kudla,Marjorie Dr.! Dept.of Zoology Also registered as a student in the 1994 Universityof Maryland PauleySummer Program on Ultraviolet CofiedgePark, MD 20742 Radiationand Coral Reefs; held at the Hawai'iInstitute of MarineBiology June- August,1994. Saito,Hiroaki Mr.! Hokkaido Nat. Fish. Research Served as an instructor for the 1994 Katsura-koi 116, Kushiro PauleySummer Program on Ultraviolet Hohkaich 085 Radiationand Coral Reefs; held at the JAPAN Hawai'iinstituteof Marine Biology June- August, 1994. Ultrevlorereedierien enrr Carel Reefe. 1885, D, Gulknd P, L. Jokielleds,i. HIMS Tech. Reprrrt 441. UHIHI-See Grent48-lr543. Introduction Paul L. Jokiel HeerM'IIneiikrie ar Marineekrlogy P. O. Be 1348 Kene'ohe,HI 86744 It has beenmany years since solar ultraviolet radiation was dearly identmedas an important ecologicalfactor on coralreefs Jokiel,1980!, so it seemedtlrrely to organizea majorrnulti- disciplinary project designed to evaluate the state of the art, conduct research, train new researchers in the field and evaluate techniques
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