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The Birth-Place of Propertius The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The Birth-Place of Propertius W. Y. Sellar The Classical Review / Volume 4 / Issue 09 / November 1890, pp 393 - 396 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X0019122X, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X0019122X How to cite this article: W. Y. Sellar (1890). The Birth-Place of Propertius. The Classical Review, 4, pp 393-396 doi:10.1017/S0009840X0019122X Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 138.251.14.35 on 16 May 2015 The Classical Review NOVEMBER 1890. THE BIRTH-PLACE OF PROPERTIUS. THE controversy about the birth-place of as associated with the most tragic events of Propertius, which seemed to have been the Civil Wars. The lines settled definitely in favour of Assisi, has been recently revived by the publication of Proxima supposito contingens Umbria Sr. Giulio Urbini's book entitled La Patria di campo Propertio. Although it can make no dif- Me genuit, terris fertilis uberibus ference in our enjoyment of the poetry of Propertius to know whether he was born at define the ' patria ' of Propertius, as a town Spello or Assisi, yet an attempt to solve the the territory of which lay beneath it, and question by a comparison of the sites of extended to the border of the territory of these towns with the three passages in which Perusia. This passage, if taken alone, might the poet describes or alludes to his birth- suggest the inference that he was born in a place will bring us into the presence of country-house situated in the rich plain, scenes of natural beauty and places of extending from the foot of the mountain- historic interest, which were familiar to the range, on two spurs of which Assisi and poet in his childhood and were re-visited by Spello are built, to the Tiber, forming the him in later life, and may thus help us to boundary between Umbria and Etruria. If realise some of the influences which acted on Assisi possessed any territory at all, it is his imagination. difficult to conceive where it could have been, The three well-known passages in which if it was not part of this plain extending in the riddle is proposed are: (1) the short the direction of Perusia, till it met the epilogue subjoined to the book by which river. Propertius first introduced himself to the The second passage (iv. 1, 63—66)— world; and (2 and 3) two passages from the long introductory poem to the fourth book, Ut nostris tumefaeta superbiat Umbria in the first of which (iv. 1, 65—66), in his libris, own name, he describes, in two lines, the Umbria Romani patria Callimachi, characteristic features of his native town, Scandentes quisquis cernit de vallibus in the second of which (iv. 1, 121—6), by the arces, voice of the astrologer Horon, he repeats, Ingenio muros aestimet ille meo— with a slight alteration, that description, and adds two lines introducing two familiar associates his poetic fame more definitely landmarks visible from or in the immediate with a town of Umbria, situated on a steep neighbourhood of the town. height. There are two ambiguities of ex- The first passage which professes to be an pression in line 65. Are we to trans- answer to the enquiries of his friend or late ' arces' ' heights' or ' battlements ' ] patron Tullus, to whom the book is dedicated, and are we to take ' de vallibus' after determines the locality only by its neighbour- ' cernit' or after ' scandentes ' ? Is the hood to Perusia, a town only too well known whole passage to be translated ' Whoever NO. XXXVII. VOL. IV. D D 394 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. marks the battlements (or heights) climbing certain repute, which would justify the use up steeply from the valleys,' or is it' "Whoever of the word noti. Had he meant to imply from the valleys beneath marks the battle- any greater distinction the poet would pro- ments (or heights) towering upwards "I The b.iblv have used some such word as clari or position of the words does not determine inngnes. which interpretation is right. Reasons will What, next, is the meaning of 'patriae be given later for holding that the latter is ' tangitur ora tuae' 1 Does Propertius mean to required by the only locality to which the define the exact boundaries of the territory words can apply. attached to his native town, as being In the next passage the town is still more Mevania on the one side and the 'lacus definitely marked by its neighbourhood to Umber' on the other 1 Or is it sufficient to two places, one of which at least is perfectly regard these two places, the ' Umbrian lake' well known— and Mevania in its low-lying plain, with the mists from the Clitumnus rising over it, as TJmbria te notis antiqua Penatibus edit. conspicuous land-marks in the neighbour- Mentior ? an patriae tangitur ora tuae, hood? This question becomes of great im- Qua nebulosa cavo rorat Mevania cainpo, portance if the ordinary interpretation of the Et lacus aestivis intepet Umber aquis, words ' lacus Umber' is accepted. The terri- Scandentisque Asis (arcis 1) consurgit ver- tory lying between Bevagna and the sources tice murus, of the Clitumnus may have formed part of Murus ab iiigenio notior 111B tuo? the territory of Spello, but it could not pos- sibly have been that of Assisi, nor could it In this passage there are more serious in any sense be described as the part of uncertainties both of interpretation and Umbria nearest to Perusia. But Sr. Urbini reading. raises here an important question, his answer Do the words noti Penates apply to the to which really seems to tell against his own family residence of Propertius or to his contention in favour of Spello. Is the inter- native town ? It is argued that they cannot pretation of ' lacus Umber' as ' the broad apply to the former because Propertius tells pool formed by the sources of the Clitumnus' us that he was neither of noble birth, nor really right ? It is said that a scholiast of a particularly rich family (non ita dives). on Vergil (Georgics ii. 147) applies the word But ' noti' does not mean either ' rich ' or lacus to the Clitumnus, and Pliny, in the ' noble,' but ' respectable' ; and that is well known passage of his Letters in which exactly what the parentage of Propertius he gives an account of his visit to its sources, was. He was not of knightly birth like describes the pool of running water in which Tibullus and Ovid, but he was a member of these various sources meet as ' gurgitem qui a good provincial family possessing a con- lato gremio patescit.' But does not the word siderable estate— ' gurges' almost exclude the notion of a lake in the natural sense of the word, and still Nam tua cum multi versarent rura more of a lake to which the words ' aestivis iuvenci, intepet aquis' are applied 1 But the charac- Abstulit excultas pertica tristis opes. teristic of the water at and near these sources to which Pliny and other ancient writers Penates might be used of his native town, draw emphatic attention is their extreme but not necessarily or even naturally. When coldness, and the truth of their statement Catullus writes to Verannius may be verified by any one who visits them in the present day.1 If this ' gurges' ever Venistine domum ad tuos Penates 1 extended to the dimensions of a lake, it has now shrunk to the dimensions of a mode- we do not naturally think of Rome or any rately sized pool, overgrown with weeds, town of Italy, which may have been the home through which however the ' divini fontes' of Verannius. This point is of some im- still flow in a clear stream, ' splendidior portance, as one of the chief arguments urged vitro.' It is impossible to conceive a descrip- in favour of Spello was that Hispellum was, tion less applicable in every way than the or became after it was turned into a military line 'Et lacus aestivis intepet Umber aquis' colony, a much more important place than to the clear-flowing cold stream of the Cli- Assisium. But even if we \rere constrained tumnus, of which the charm was so great in to regard Penates as indicative of the town, 1 The waters were found to be pleasantly cold both though Hispellnm may have been more to the taste and touch in a hot day of May in the famous, Assisium may yet have enjoyed a present year. THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 395 the eyes of those accustomed to the muddy island ' and its inhabitants as ' the islanders,' streams of central Italy, as to be deemed and partly on the appearance of the district. worthy of a temple to mark the sanctity There is certainly no such difficulty in admit- attached to it. How then is the line to be ting such a conjecture as there is in supposing explained 1 The words point to a sheet of that Propertius, or any other poet or any water of considerable size, which would be a person of sane judgment, should have selected conspicuous object from the town, whether the ' steaming warmth of its summer waves' it was Hispellum or Assisium. But no such as the special characteristic of the pool of lake is visible in the neighbourhood of clear, cold, running water, in which tho Perugia, Assisi, or Spello, nor indeed any- sources of the Clitumnus meet, a few feet where in what was the ancient territory of below the spot where they issue ' ab Umbro Umbria.
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