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Tělesné Modifikace V Kyberpunkové Literatuře

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Tělesné Modifikace V Kyberpunkové Literatuře Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav informačních studií a knihovnictví DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Bc. Marie Dudziaková Tělesné modifikace v kyberpunkové literatuře Body Modifications in Cyberpunk Literature Praha, 2012 Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Josef Šlerka Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala vedoucímu práce Mgr. Josefu Šlerkovi za metodické vedení, připomínky a konzultace v inspirativním prostředí. Dík patří Šimonu Svěrákovi alias SHE-MONovi za cenné informace a čas, který věnoval odborným konzultacím a také tetovacímu a piercingovému studiu HELL.cz za dlouhodobou podporu a přístup do odborné knihovny. V neposlední řadě děkuji Mgr. Jiřímu Krejčíkovi za přínosné komentáře. Prohlašuji, ţe jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně, ţe jsem řádně citovala všechny pouţité prameny a literaturu a ţe práce nebyla vyuţita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V Praze, dne 16. srpna 2012 ____________________ Bc. Marie Dudziaková Abstrakt Diplomová práce Tělesné modifikace v kyberpunkové literatuře se zabývá reprezentací, podobou a úlohou tělesných modifikací ve vybraných dílech kyberpunkové literatury. Danou problematiku zkoumá kombinací kvantitativní a kvalitativní analýzy. První část práce se teoreticky zabývá oběma zkoumanými oblastmi a poskytuje základní vhled do problematiky. Autorka mimo jiné představuje vlastní definici tělesných modifikací a její genezi. V analytické části autorka nejprve rozebírá mnoţinu vybraných kyberpunkových literárních děl, získanou pomocí pilotního výzkumu, jmenovitě romány Neuromancer, Sníh, Schismatrix a Blade Runner a povídkové knihy Zrcadlovky a Jak vypálit Chrome. Dále kvantitativně pomocí 25 proměnných vyhodnocuje 503 zmínek o tělesných modifikacích v daném vzorku. Kvalitativní část v 7 tematických okruzích hlouběji rozvádí poznatky zjištěné kvantitativně. Mimo jiné se zabývá také rolí tělesných modifikací při konstrukci literárního kyberpunkového textu a jejich přesahem do reality. Klíčová slova Tělesné modifikace, kyberpunk, literatura Abstract The diploma thesis Body Modifications in Cyberpunk Literature deals with the representation and role of body modifications in selected works of cyberpunk literature. The issue analysis is carried out by means of combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The first part of the thesis covers both areas theoretically and provides essential insight into the issue. In addition, the author develops her own definition of body modification and provides its genesis. In the research part, the author first explores a body of selected literary cyberpunk works obtained through a pilot research, namely novels Neuromancer, Snow Crash, Schismatrix and Blade Runner and short stories collections Mirrorshades and Burning Chrome. Furthermore, the author quantitatively evaluates 503 mentions of body modifications in a given sample, using 25 variables. The qualitative analysis, structured in 7 thematic areas, amplifies the quantitative findings and among other things deals with the role of body modifications in the construction of cyberpunk literary texts and their overlapping with reality. Keywords Body modification, cyberpunk, literature Obsah Úvod ........................................................................................................................... 9 1. Science fiction ........................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Definice pojmu science fiction ......................................................................... 12 1.2 Název science fiction........................................................................................ 13 1.3 Stručná historie science fiction ....................................................................... 14 2. Kyberpunk ............................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Definice pojmu kyberpunk .............................................................................. 16 2.2 Název kyberpunk ............................................................................................. 17 2.3 Stručná historie kyberpunku .......................................................................... 18 2.4 Specifické znaky kyberpunku ......................................................................... 20 3. Tělesné modifikace .............................................................................................. 24 3.1 Vymezení pojmu ............................................................................................. 24 3.2 Stručná historie tělesných modifikací v Evropě a USA ................................. 30 3.3 Rozdělení a typy tělesných modifikací ............................................................33 3.3.1 Amputace, kastrace, nulifikace ................................................................ 34 3.3.2 Dočasné tělesné modifikace ..................................................................... 35 3.3.3 Implantát ................................................................................................. 36 3.3.4 Obřízka .................................................................................................... 38 3.3.5 Piercing .................................................................................................... 38 3.3.6 Roztahování ............................................................................................. 39 3.3.7 Rozštěp ..................................................................................................... 40 3.3.8 Skarifikace ................................................................................................ 41 3.3.9 Tetování .................................................................................................... 41 3.3.10 Úpravy uší .............................................................................................. 42 3.3.11 Úpravy zubů ........................................................................................... 43 4. Tělesné modifikace v kyberpunku, kyberpunk v tělesných modifikacích .......... 44 5. Pouţitá metoda ..................................................................................................... 49 5.1 Cíl výzkumu..................................................................................................... 49 5.2 Výzkumné otázky a hypotézy ......................................................................... 50 5.3 Výzkumný proces ........................................................................................... 50 5.3.1 Stanovení relevantní mnoţiny dat: pilotní předvýzkum ......................... 50 5.3.2 Sběr dat ..................................................................................................... 53 5.3.3 Definice kódovací jednotky ...................................................................... 53 5.3.4 Kategorizační a kódovací schéma: kódovací kniha .................................. 53 5.3.5 Kódování textu ......................................................................................... 60 6. Obsahová analýza................................................................................................. 62 6.1 Vybraná kyberpunková literární díla ............................................................. 62 6.1.1 Neuromancer ............................................................................................ 63 6.1.2 Sníh .......................................................................................................... 66 6.1.3 Schismatrix .............................................................................................. 68 6.1.4 Blade Runner ............................................................................................ 71 6.1.5 Zrcadlovky ................................................................................................. 73 6.1.6 Jak vypálit Chrome .................................................................................. 83 6.2 Kvantitativní analýza ..................................................................................... 90 6.2.1 Výsledky analýzy ...................................................................................... 90 6.2.2 Shrnutí výsledků ..................................................................................... 105 6.3 Kvalitativní analýza ....................................................................................... 106 6.3.1 Výsledky analýzy ..................................................................................... 106 6.3.2 Shrnutí výsledků ..................................................................................... 125 Závěr ........................................................................................................................ 126 Prameny .................................................................................................................. 128 Pouţitá literatura .................................................................................................... 130 Seznam použitých zkratek BCI brain computer interface BIID body integrity identity disorder ICD International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ns normostrana sf nebo SF science fiction simstim simulovaná stimulace, fikční komunikační systém na bázi aktivního výstupu z nervů vysílatele s pasivní rolí příjemce SM sadomasochismus, sadomasochistický TELR technologie elektivního lidského rozhraní TM tělesná modifikace UI umělá inteligence
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