Immunologic Aspects of Parasitic Infections
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*-wrcD IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1967 IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF vzZD PARASITIC INFECTIONS Proceedings of the Special Session held during the Sixth Meeting of the PAHO Advisory Committee on Medical Research 13 June 1967 Scientific Publication No. 150 September 1967 PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037, U.S.A. NOTE At each meeting of the Pan American Health Organization Advisory Committee on Medical Research, a special one-day session is held on a topic chosen by the Committee as being of particular interest. At the Sixth Meeting, which convened in June 1967 in Washington, D.C., the session reviewed current information on the immunology of parasitic infections and brought out facets of the subject about which more knowl- edge is needed. This volume records the papers presented and the ensuing dircussions. ii PAHO ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL RESEARCH Dr. Hernán Alessandri Dr. Alberto Hurtado Ex Decano, Facultad de Medicina Rector Universidad de Chile Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Santiago, Chile Lima, Perú Dr. Otto Bier Dr. Walsh McDermott Diretor, Departamento de Microbiologia Chairman, Department of Public Health e Imunologia Cornell University Medical College Escola Paulista de Medicina New York, New York, U.S.A. Sáo Paulo, Brasil Dr. James V. Neel Dr. Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia Chairman, Department of Human Genetics Jefe, Departamento de Fisiopatología University of Michigan Medical School Facultad de Medicina Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. " Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay Dr. Marcel Roche Director, Instituto Venezolano de Dr. Carlos Chagas Investigaciones Científicas Chief, Brazilian Delegation to UNESCO Caracas, Venezuela Paris, France Dr. James A. Shannon Dr. Philip P. Cohen Director, National Institutes of Chairman, Department of Physiological Health Chemistry U.S. Public Health Service The University of Wisconsin Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Dr. René Dubos Dr. John C. Waterlow Professor and Member Director, Tropical Metabolism Research The Rockefeller University Unit New York, New York, U.S.A. University of the West Indies Kingston, Jamaica Dr. Herman E. Hilleboe Director, Division of Public Health Practice Professor Abel Wolman School of Public Health and Emeritus Professor of Sanitary Administrative Medicine Engineering and Water Resources Columbia University The Johns Hopkins University New York, New York, U.S.A. Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. Dr. Bernardo A. Houssay Dr. Salvador Zubirán k Director, Instituto de Biología y Director, Instituto Nacional de la Medicina Experimental Nutrición Buenos Aires, Argentina México, D.F., México SECRETARIAT Office of Research Coordination Dr. Mauricio Martins da Silva Mr. Louis Munan Chief Research Scientist PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau Dr. Abraham Horwitz, Director 11i Special Session on IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS t - Moderator: Dr. Otto Bier PARTICIPANTS w Dr. Carlos E. Biro Dr. Victor Nussenzweig Instituto Nacional de Cardiología New York University School of Medicine México, D.F., México New York, New York, U.S.A. Dr. Tibor Borsos Dr. José Oliver-González * National Institutes of Health School of Medicine U.S. Public Health Service University of Puerto Rico Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. San Juan, Puerto Rico Dr. K. N. Brown Dr. Jack S. Remington National Institute for Medical Research Palo Alto Medical Research Foundation Mill Hill Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. London, England Dr. S. R. Smithers Dr. Irving Finger National Institute for Medical Research Department of Biology Mill Hill Haverford College London, England Haverford, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Dr. E. J. L. Soulsby Dr. Howard C. Goodman The School of Veterinary Medicine World Health Organization University of Pennsylvania Geneva, Switzerland Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Dr. Irving G. Kagan Dr. William H. Taliaferro I National Communicable Disease Center Argonne National Laboratory U.S. Public Health Service University of Chicago Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A. Dr. Franz C. von Lichtenberg Dr. Paul P. Weinstein Peter Bent Brigham Hospital National Institutes of Health Harvard Medical School U.S. Public Health Service Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. *Unable to attend. iv CONTENTS Page Opening Statement Otto Bier ........................................... 1 A Retrospective Look at the Immunologic Aspects of Parasitic Infections William H. Taliaferro .......... 3..............................................3 Nature and Variation of Parasite Antigens K. N. Brown ....................... 21 Characterization of Parasite Antigens Irving G. Kagan .................. 2.......25 Discussion Irving Finger............................................ 37 The Induction and Nature of Antibody Response to Parasites S. R. Smithers....... 43 Characterization of Antibodies to Parasites Jack S. Remington .................. 50 Discussion Howard C. Goodman .................................... 58 Victor Nussenzweig ..................................... 61 Lymphocyte, Macrophage, and Other Cell Reactions to Parasites E. J. L. Soulsby .... 66 Discussion Carlos E. Biro ........................................... 85 Immunologic Aspects of Parasitic Infections Paul P. Weinstein ................. 91 Discussion Tibor Borsos ............................................ 100 The Bilharzial Pseudotubercle: A Model of the Immunopathology of Granuloma Formation Franz C. von Lichtenberg ..................................... 107 Summary José Oliver-González .......................................... 128 References .......................................................... 130 OPENING STATEMENT Otto Bier, Moderator When the Advisory Committee on Medical year, a prolonged discussion was held in Geneva Research decided last year that during this with Drs. Niels K. Jerne, Howard C. Good- meeting a special session should be dedicated man, Zdenek Trnka, and Maurício Martins da to the immunologic aspects of parasitic infec- Silva. Our conclusion was rather pessimistic- tion, our Chairman, Professor René Dubos, we left with the fear that our session could re- rightly insisted upon a very important point. sult in an inferior duplication of the excellent The session was not intended to cover the meeting on immunology and parasitic disease whole field of parasitic immunity, but rather that had been convened by WHO not long be- should concentrate on a few selected topics in fore in Ibadan, Nigeria, with the participation which discussion could eventually lead to new of a most competent group of experts in basic lines of investigatiori based, whenever possible, and parasitic immunology. on simplified experimental models. In spite of this, a program was outlined and As one of the members of the committee that Dr. Martins da Silva was given the task of suggested the theme, I was inevitably charged preparing the first draft through further con- with the primary responsibility of organizing sultations with "immunologically competent" the session and acting as moderator. Knowing people in the United States. With the expert practically nothing about parasitology, and advice of Drs. Louis Olivier, E. J. L. Soulsby, having no experience at all in the field of P. P. Weinstein, and Frans C. Goble, a very immunoparasitology, I was thus put in the fine draft was prepared within a relatively awkward position of having to fulfill a job for short time. Most important of all, Dr. Martins which I am really not prepared. Unlike Mon- da Silva succeeded in getting the collaboration sieur Jourdain, who could easily be convinced of competent immunoparasitolgists and basic "qu'il faisait de la prose sans le savoir," I am immunologists not only for the presentation of not at all convinced, in spite of having dedi- the topics but also for their discussion. cated thirty years of my life to research on In accordance with the requirements laid immunology, that I shall be able to act as a down by our Chairman and other members of competent moderator in this session. the committee, the session has been organized However, the decision had been made, and in such a way as to emphasize the fact that its we had to go ahead. Just after the meeting last objective is to encourage better work on 1 mechanisms or mechanics of immunity in para- the host. Before we start with the topics re- sitic infection by bringing out aspects of the lated to parasite antigens and their antibodies, topics about which more knowledge is needed we shall have an introduction by Dr. William and opening new avenues of approach. It was H. Taliaferro. Nobody could be better quali- also agreed that, in view of the prime im- fied than Dr. Taliaferro to give this introduc- portance of schistosomiasis and Chagas' disease tion. Besides being a pioneer in the field of on the American continent, these parasitoses parasitic immunology-in which his contribu- should be used as illustrative examples when- tions are massive and frequently fundamental ever possible. -he is also outstanding in the field of basic The seven topics selected will be presented immunology by virtue of his important work in a logical sequence: parasite antigens and during the past decade, in collaboration with it antibodies, cellular reactions, and effects of his wife, Dr. Jaroslow,