2019 Consumer Tire Catalog
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE and OPEN- LOOP HANDLING METRICS Robert Powell Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 1-1-2009 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN- LOOP HANDLING METRICS Robert Powell Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Engineering Mechanics Commons Please take our one minute survey! Recommended Citation Powell, Robert, "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN-LOOP HANDLING METRICS" (2009). All Theses. Paper 743. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN-LOOP HANDLING METRICS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Mechanical Engineering by Robert A. Powell December 2009 Accepted by: Dr. E. Harry Law, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Beshahwired Ayalew, Committee Co-Chair Dr. John Ziegert Abstract This work deals with the question of relating open-loop handling metrics to driver- in-the-loop performance (closed-loop). The goal is to allow manufacturers to reduce cost and time associated with vehicle handling development. A vehicle model was built in the CarSim environment using kinematics and compliance, geometrical, and flat track tire data. This model was then compared and validated to testing done at Michelin’s Laurens Proving Grounds using open-loop handling metrics. The open-loop tests conducted for model vali- dation were an understeer test and swept sine or random steer test. -
Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires
CHAPTER 1 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES Aside from aerodynamic and gravitational forces, all other major forces and moments affecting the motion of a ground vehicle are applied through the running gear–ground contact. An understanding of the basic characteristics of the interaction between the running gear and the ground is, therefore, essential to the study of performance characteristics, ride quality, and handling behavior of ground vehicles. The running gear of a ground vehicle is generally required to fulfill the following functions: • to support the weight of the vehicle • to cushion the vehicle over surface irregularities • to provide sufficient traction for driving and braking • to provide adequate steering control and direction stability. Pneumatic tires can perform these functions effectively and efficiently; thus, they are universally used in road vehicles, and are also widely used in off-road vehicles. The study of the mechanics of pneumatic tires therefore is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the performance and char- acteristics of ground vehicles. Two basic types of problem in the mechanics of tires are of special interest to vehicle engineers. One is the mechanics of tires on hard surfaces, which is essential to the study of the characteristics of road vehicles. The other is the mechanics of tires on deformable surfaces (unprepared terrain), which is of prime importance to the study of off-road vehicle performance. 3 4 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES The mechanics of tires on hard surfaces is discussed in this chapter, whereas the behavior of tires over unprepared terrain will be discussed in Chapter 2. A pneumatic tire is a flexible structure of the shape of a toroid filled with compressed air. -
Camber Effect Study on Combined Tire Forces
Camber effect study on combined tire forces Shiruo Li Master Thesis in Vehicle Engineering Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology TRITA-AVE 2013:33 ISSN 1651-7660 Postal address Visiting Address Telephone Telefax Internet KTH Teknikringen 8 +46 8 790 6000 +46 8 790 6500 www.kth.se Vehicle Dynamics Stockholm SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Considering the more and more concerned climate change issues to which the greenhouse gas emission may contribute the most, as well as the diminishing fossil fuel resource, the automotive industry is paying more and more attention to vehicle concepts with full electric or partly electric propulsion systems. Limited by the current battery technology, most electrified vehicles on the roads today are hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Though fully electrified systems are not common at the moment, the introduction of electric power sources enables more advanced motion control systems, such as active suspension systems and individual wheel steering, due to electrification of vehicle actuators. Various chassis and suspension control strategies can thus be developed so that the vehicles can be fully utilized. Consequently, future vehicles can be more optimized with respect to active safety and performance. Active camber control is a method that assigns the camber angle of each wheel to generate desired longitudinal and lateral forces and consequently the desired vehicle dynamic behavior. The aim of this study is to explore how the camber angle will affect the tire force generation and how the camber control strategy can be designed so that the safety and performance of a vehicle can be improved. -
Tech: Plus Size Safety Warnings
Technical Data PLUS SIZING GUIDELINES CLEARANCE When considering a plus size application for a vehicle, Since Plus Sized Tires and Wheels are usually wider than parameters include the Original Equipment Tire Size, Speed original, consideration must be given to wheel well space Rating, Load Capability, Inflation Pressures, Outside Diameter and any potential interference with suspension, chassis, (Overall Tire Diameter), and Revolutions Per Mile, as well as or bodywork. The new tire and wheel package must have the space limitations of the vehicle wheel well. The plus size ample clearance to avoid the possibility of contacting another changeover may be for looks or for performance enhancements. component of the vehicle through turns, dips, and bumps. In either case, lower profile tires which havewider section Tire deflection, lock-to-lock steering, jounce, and rebound widths, as well as higher performance tires, normally will all must be considered. increase steering response and overall cornering grip since the tire footprint shape (contact patch) is usually wider and shorter than the Original Equipment tire’s contact patch. To BRAKES ensure proper vehicle operation, the following guidelines may be considered in relation to the original equipment tire and Concern for increased weight of the wheel and tire package wheel package: must focus on the performance range of the braking system. As the rim diameter increases and the tire widths increase, OVERALL DIAMETER - Within 2% of the original equipment the weight is concentrated farther out on the lever arm in fitment; optimal is within 1% and usually the shorter is better a rotational mass, which increases the stress on the brakes for stability, turning, acceleration, and braking. -
Honda Quits F1! Japanese Manufacturer to Bring Curtain Down on Race-Winning Programme
>> Britain’s Land Speed Record attempt update – see p36 December 2020 • Vol 30 No 12 • www.racecar-engineering.com • UK £5.95 • US $14.50 Honda quits F1! Japanese manufacturer to bring curtain down on race-winning programme CASH CONTROL We reveal the details of Formula 1’s Concorde deal SAFETY CELL The latest in composite chassis technology design INDYCAR SCREEN Aerodine on building US single seater safety device VIRTUAL TRADE Exciting new engineering products for the 2021 season 01 REV30N12_Cover_Honda-ACbs.indd 1 19/10/2020 12:56 THE EVOLUTION IN FLUID HORSEPOWER ™ ™ XRP® ProPLUS RaceHose and ™ XRP® Race Crimp Hose Ends A full PTFE smooth-bore hose, manufactured using a patented process that creates convolutions only on the outside of the tube wall, where they belong for increased flexibility, not on the inside where they can impede flow. This smooth-bore race hose and crimp-on hose end system is sized to compete directly with convoluted hose on both inside diameter and weight while allowing for a tighter bend radius and greater flow per size. Ten sizes from -4 PLUS through -20. Additional "PLUS" sizes allow for even larger inside hose diameters as an option. CRIMP COLLARS Two styles allow XRP NEW XRP RACE CRIMP HOSE ENDS™ Race Crimp Hose Ends™ to be used on the ProPLUS Black is “in” and it is our standard color; Race Hose™, Stainless braided CPE race hose, XR- Blue and Super Nickel are options. Hundreds of styles are available. 31 Black Nylon braided CPE hose and some Bent tube fixed, double O-Ring sealed swivels and ORB ends. -
Employing Optimization in Cae Vehicle Dynamics
Technical University of Crete School of Production Engineering & Management EMPLOYING OPTIMIZATION IN CAE VEHICLE DYNAMICS Alexandros Leledakis December 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis study was performed between March and October 2014 at Volvo Cars in Goteborg of Sweden, where I had the chance to work inside Volvo’s Research and Development Centre (in the Active Safety CAE department). I would like to thank my Volvo Cars supervisor Diomidis Katzourakis, CAE Active Safety Assignment Leader, for his constant guidance during this thesis. He always provided knowledge and ideas during all phases of the thesis; planning, modelling, setup of experiments, etc. It is with immense gratitude that I acknowledge the support and help of my academic supervisor Nikolaos Tsourveloudis, Professor and Dean of the school of Production engineering and management at Technical University of Crete, for his trust and guidance throughout my studies. The MSc thesis of Stavros Angelis and Matthias Tidlund served as-foundation of the current thesis: I would also like to thank Mathias Lidberg, Associate Professor in Vehicle Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology. Field tests would have been impossible without the help of Per Hesslund, who installed the steering robot in the vehicle for our DLC verification testing session, conducted each test and guided me through the procedure of instrumenting a vehicle and performing a test. I share the credit of my work with Lukas Wikander and Josip Zekic, who helped with the setup of the Vehicle for the steering torque interventions test as well as Henrik Weiefors, from Sentient, for his support regarding the Control EPAS functionality. I would also like to thank Georgios Minos, manager of CAE Active Safety. -
Motorcycle Tire Basic Introduction
1-1 Basic Tire Function 1-2 Motorcycle Tire Dimensions Motorcycle tires must perform main functions: Tread width Section height 1・They must support vehicle load. Tubeless type 2・They must transmit traction and braking forces to the road surface. Tube type Overall diameter Rim Crown radius diameter 3・They must absoring shocks from the road surface. Section height Section width 4・They must Changing & maintaining the direction of travel. Inner liner Tube Rim width MT type drop center rim Section width Rim diameter Valve The simensions of a motorcycle tire are indicated here.In contrast to other types of tires,the tread width of motorcycle Four tires is normally wider than the section width.The section Basic Tire width included in the size marking of tires.A tire marked Function "120/90-18" means that the section width of the tire is 120 mm. Ｗ：Sectionwidth(mm) Ｈ：Section height(mm) H Most motorcycle rims used tod are MT type drop center rims.We call this a "hmp-up" type of rim.this type of rim is used for tubeless tires because it helps keep the bead portion of the tire in place even if the tire is punctured.About ten years ago we did not have this type of rim because most W of the motorcycle tires still tube type. Other important dimensions include the overall diameter,section height,crown radius rim diameter. Aspect Section height ＝ ×１００ Ratio Section width The "Aspect Ratio"is defined as the ratio of the section height divided by the section width multiplied by one hundred. -
Robotic Green Tire Spraying Machine 1B New
ROBOTIC GREEN TIRE SPRAYING MACHINE 1B NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TIRE MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 2B NEW CUTTING TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH TENSILE STEEL CORD IN TIRE MANUFACTURING 3B HOW TRUCK FLEETS CONSIDER RETREADABILITY WHEN PURCHASING NEW TIRES 4A NEW ROTOR TECHNOLOGY: THE FOUR WING “N” ROTOR 4B UPGRADING BATCH MIXER UPGRADES FOR IMPROVED PRODUCT QUALITY AND INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY 5A ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLUS SIZING 5B HIGH-THROUGHPUT, AUTOMATED, AND NON-INVASIVE QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ELASTOMERS BY TD-NMR 6A EFFECT OF STEEL BELT SEPARATION ON LOW AND HIGH SPEED UNIFORMITY 6B ALIGNMENT ISSUES OF FABRIC CALENDAR MACHINES IN TIRE MANUFACTURING 7A RECENT TRENDS IN DISCOVERY AGAINST TIRE COMPANIES 7B EXTRUDER GEAR PUMP SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED EXTRUSION OUTPUT AND PRECISION 8A USING ANALYTICAL DATA TO INVESTIGATE POLYMER MATERIALS 8B SPRING VENT TECHNICAL PAPER 9A IMPROVED BARRIER PROPERTIES OF TIRES BY THE INCORPORATION OF GLASS PLATELETS 9B THERMONECHANOCHEMICALLY AND STRUCTURALLY GAUGED PARADIGM FOR REDUCED ROLLING RESISTANCE 10A GLOBAL TRENDS IN PETROCHEMICAL TIRE RAW MATERIALS 10B EFFECT OF TALC ON ROLLING RESISTANCE IN TREAD COMPOUNDS 10C NEW SOLUTION SBRS TO MEET FUTURE PERFORMANCE DEMANDS 11A UTILIZING THE RPA VARIABLE TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS FOR MORE EFFECTIVE TIRE QUALITY ASSURANCE 11B HOW SUPPLIERS CAN HELP TIRE MANUFACTURERS HIT AN EMERGING TARGET 12A EXXPRO NYLON DVA: A NEW INNERLINER TECHNOLOGY 13A REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS WITH COMPOUNDS FOR LOW RR TIRES 13C SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE TYRE INDUSTRY 13B -
Tyre Dynamics, Tyre As a Vehicle Component Part 1.: Tyre Handling Performance
1 Tyre dynamics, tyre as a vehicle component Part 1.: Tyre handling performance Virtual Education in Rubber Technology (VERT), FI-04-B-F-PP-160531 Joop P. Pauwelussen, Wouter Dalhuijsen, Menno Merts HAN University October 16, 2007 2 Table of contents 1. General 1.1 Effect of tyre ply design 1.2 Tyre variables and tyre performance 1.3 Road surface parameters 1.4 Tyre input and output quantities. 1.4.1 The effective rolling radius 2. The rolling tyre. 3. The tyre under braking or driving conditions. 3.1 Practical brakeslip 3.2 Longitudinal slip characteristics. 3.3 Road conditions and brakeslip. 3.3.1 Wet road conditions. 3.3.2 Road conditions, wear, tyre load and speed 3.4 Tyre models for longitudinal slip behaviour 3.5 The pure slip longitudinal Magic Formula description 4. The tyre under cornering conditions 4.1 Vehicle cornering performance 4.2 Lateral slip characteristics 4.3 Side force coefficient for different textures and speeds 4.4 Cornering stiffness versus tyre load 4.5 Pneumatic trail and aligning torque 4.6 The empirical Magic Formula 4.7 Camber 4.8 The Gough plot 5 Combined braking and cornering 5.1 Polar diagrams, Fx vs. Fy and Fx vs. Mz 5.2 The Magic Formula for combined slip. 5.3 Physical tyre models, requirements 5.4 Performance of different physical tyre models 5.5 The Brush model 5.5.1 Displacements in terms of slip and position. 5.5.2 Adhesion and sliding 5.5.3 Shear forces 5.5.4 Aligning torque and pneumatic trail 5.5.5 Tyre characteristics according to the brush mode 5.5.6 Brush model including carcass compliance 5.6 The brush string model 6. -
2015 Training Manual
Copyright © 2015 by T revor Dech (Owner of Too Cool Motorcycle School Inc.) All rights reserved. This manual is provided to our students as a part of our Basic Motorcycle Course. Its contents are the property of Too Cool Motorcycle School Inc. and are not to be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted without permission. Publish Date: Jan 10, 2015 Version: 2.6 Training: McMahon Stadium, South East Lot Classroom: Dalhousie Community Centre Phone: 403-202-0099 Website: www.toocoolmotorcycleschool.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Too Cool Motorcycle School Training Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE ..................................................................................1 TYPES OF MOTORCYCLES ..........................................................................1 OFF-ROAD MOTORCYCLES .................................................................................................1 TRAIL ......................................................................................................................1 ENDURO...................................................................................................................2 MOTOCROSS ............................................................................................................2 TRIALS.....................................................................................................................2 DUAL PURPOSE.........................................................................................................2 ROAD BIKES .....................................................................................................................3 -
Tire Code - Wikipedia Visited on 2/21/2017
Tire code - Wikipedia Visited on 2/21/2017 Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Tire code From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents This article includes inline citations, but they are not properly Featured content formatted. Please improve this article by correcting them. Current events (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template Random article Donate to Wikipedia message) Wikipedia store Automobile tires are described by an alphanumeric tire code (in American English and Interaction Canadian English) or tyre code (in British English, Australian English and others), which is Help generally molded (or moulded) into the sidewall of the tire. This code specifies the dimensions of About Wikipedia the tire, and some of its key limitations, such as load-bearing ability, and maximum speed. Community portal Sometimes the inner sidewall contains information not included on the outer sidewall, and vice Recent changes Contact page versa. Tools The code has grown in complexity over the years, as is evident from the mix of S.I. and English What links here units, and ad-hoc extensions to lettering and numbering schemes. New automotive tires Related changes frequently have ratings for traction, treadwear, and temperature resistance (collectively known Upload file as The Uniform Tire Quality Grade (UTQG) ratings). Special pages Permanent link Most tires sizes are given using the ISO Metric sizing system. However, some pickup trucks and Page information SUVs use the -
2019 Chrysler/Dodge/Jeep/Ram/Fiat/SRT
TABLE OF CONTENTS TIRE INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT ................3 BFGOODRICH TIRES ...........................27 BRIDGESTONE®-FIRESTONE® ................45 CONTINENTALTIRE ............................87 FALKEN TIRE CORPORATION ...................95 GENERALTIRE ...............................115 GOODYEAR DUNLOP TIRES ...................123 HANKOOKTIRES .............................139 KUMHOTIRES.................................145 MICHELIN ....................................159 NEXEN TIRE ..................................187 PIRELLITIRES.................................197 TOYOTIRES–LIMITEDWARRANTY ...........217 YOKOHAMATIRES—LIMITEDWARRANTY .....261 1 2 TIRE INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT TIRES TIRES TireSafetyInformation Tire safety information will cover aspects of the following information: TireMarkings,TireIdentificationNumbersȱǻ Ǽ,TireTerminology andDefi-nitions,TirePressures,andTireLoading. TireMarkings Tire Markings 1USDOTSafetyStandards Code(TIN) 2SizeDesignation 3ServiceDescription Śȱȯȱ¡ȱ śȱȯȱ¡ȱ Ŝȱȯȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ NOTE: • P(Passenger)—MetrictiresizingisbasedonUSdesignstandards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designation. Example: P215/65R15 95H. • European — Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter ЉPЉ is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H. 4 TIRES • LT(LightTruck)—MetrictiresizingisbasedonUSdesignstandards. ThesizedesignationforLT-MetrictiresisthesameasforP-Metrictires