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Timing Belt Interference Caution Note: Camshaft
Carmax 6067 170 Turnpike Rd Westborough, MA 01581 YMMS: 1991 Chevrolet Lumina Z34 Sep 3, 2020 Engine: 3.4L Eng License: VIN: Odometer: TIMING BELT INTERFERENCE CAUTION NOTE: CAMSHAFT DRIVE BELTS OR TIMING BELTS - The condition of camshaft drive belts should always be checked on vehicles which have more than 50,000 miles. Although some manufacturers do not recommend replacement at a specified mileage, others require it at 60,000-100,000 miles. A camshaft drive belt failure may cause extensive damage to internal engine components on most engines, although some designs do not allow piston-to-valve contact. These designs are often called "Free Wheeling". Many manufacturers changed their maintenance and warranty schedules in the mid-1980's to reflect timing belt inspection and/or replacement at 50,000- 60,000 miles. Most service interval schedules shown in this section reflect these changes. Belts or components should be inspected and replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Crack Or Tears In Belt Surface Missing, Damaged, Cracked Or Rounded Teeth Oil Contamination Damaged Or Faulty Tensioners Incorrect Tension Adjustment REMOVAL & INSTALLATION Tip: Timing belt CAUTION: For 1996-97 models, this application is an interference engine. Do not rotate camshaft or crankshaft when timing belt is removed, or engine damage may occur. NOTE: The camshaft timing procedure has been updated by TSB bulletin No. 47-61-34, dated December, 1994. REMOVAL Tip: timing 3.4 x motor 1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove air cleaner and duct assembly. Drain engine coolant. 2. Remove accelerator and cruise control cables from throttle body. -
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE and OPEN- LOOP HANDLING METRICS Robert Powell Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 1-1-2009 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN- LOOP HANDLING METRICS Robert Powell Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Engineering Mechanics Commons Please take our one minute survey! Recommended Citation Powell, Robert, "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN-LOOP HANDLING METRICS" (2009). All Theses. Paper 743. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE AND OPEN-LOOP HANDLING METRICS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Mechanical Engineering by Robert A. Powell December 2009 Accepted by: Dr. E. Harry Law, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Beshahwired Ayalew, Committee Co-Chair Dr. John Ziegert Abstract This work deals with the question of relating open-loop handling metrics to driver- in-the-loop performance (closed-loop). The goal is to allow manufacturers to reduce cost and time associated with vehicle handling development. A vehicle model was built in the CarSim environment using kinematics and compliance, geometrical, and flat track tire data. This model was then compared and validated to testing done at Michelin’s Laurens Proving Grounds using open-loop handling metrics. The open-loop tests conducted for model vali- dation were an understeer test and swept sine or random steer test. -
Freedom to Move in a Personal, Sustainable and Safe Way
VOLVO CAR GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Freedom to move in a personal, sustainable and safe way TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW 4 2020 Highlights 6 CEO Comment 8 Our Strenghts 10 The Volvo Car Group 12 Our Strategic Affiliates THE WORLD AROUND US 16 Consumer Trends 18 Technology Shift OUR STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 22 Our Purpose 24 Strategic Framework HOW WE CREATE VALUE 28 Our Stakeholders 30 Our People and Culture 32 Product Creation 38 Industrial Operations 42 Commercial Operations MANAGEMENT REPORT 47 Board of Directors Report 52 Enterprise Risk Management 55 Corporate Governance Report FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 60 Contents Financial Report 61 Consolidated Financial Statements 67 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 110 Parent Company Financial Statements 112 Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 118 Auditor’s Report 120 Board of Directors 122 Executive Management Team Freedom to move SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION 124 Sustainability Management and Governance 129 Performance 2020 PERSONAL SUSTAINABLE SAFE 139 Sustainability Scorecard 144 GRI Index Cars used to be the symbol for personal freedom. Owning a car meant that you had the We commit to developing We commit to the highest We commit to pioneering 146 TCFD Index means to be independently mobile – that you owned not just a vehicle, but choice as and building the most per- standard of sustainability the safest, most intelligent 147 Auditor's Limited Assurance Report on sonal solutions in mobility: in mobility to protect technology solutions in Sustainability well. Nothing of that has changed, but the world we live in has. The earth, our cities and to make life less compli- the world we share. -
Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires
CHAPTER 1 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES Aside from aerodynamic and gravitational forces, all other major forces and moments affecting the motion of a ground vehicle are applied through the running gear–ground contact. An understanding of the basic characteristics of the interaction between the running gear and the ground is, therefore, essential to the study of performance characteristics, ride quality, and handling behavior of ground vehicles. The running gear of a ground vehicle is generally required to fulfill the following functions: • to support the weight of the vehicle • to cushion the vehicle over surface irregularities • to provide sufficient traction for driving and braking • to provide adequate steering control and direction stability. Pneumatic tires can perform these functions effectively and efficiently; thus, they are universally used in road vehicles, and are also widely used in off-road vehicles. The study of the mechanics of pneumatic tires therefore is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the performance and char- acteristics of ground vehicles. Two basic types of problem in the mechanics of tires are of special interest to vehicle engineers. One is the mechanics of tires on hard surfaces, which is essential to the study of the characteristics of road vehicles. The other is the mechanics of tires on deformable surfaces (unprepared terrain), which is of prime importance to the study of off-road vehicle performance. 3 4 MECHANICS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES The mechanics of tires on hard surfaces is discussed in this chapter, whereas the behavior of tires over unprepared terrain will be discussed in Chapter 2. A pneumatic tire is a flexible structure of the shape of a toroid filled with compressed air. -
Page 1 of 32 VEHICLE RECALLS by MANUFACTURER, 2000 Report Prepared 1/16/2008
Page 1 of 32 VEHICLE RECALLS BY MANUFACTURER, 2000 Report Prepared 1/16/2008 MANUFACTURER RECALLS VEHICLES ACCUBUIL T, INC 1 8 AM GENERAL CORPORATION 1 980 AMERICAN EAGLE MOTORCYCLE CO 1 14 AMERICAN HONDA MOTOR CO 8 212,212 AMERICAN SUNDIRO MOTORCYCLE 1 2,183 AMERICAN SUZUKI MOTOR CORP. 4 25,023 AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION CORP. 5 1,441 APRILIA USA INC. 2 409 ASTON MARTIN 2 666 ATHEY PRODUCTS CORP. 3 304 B. FOSTER & COMPANY, INC. 1 422 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE 11 28,738 BLUE BIRD BODY COMPANY 12 62,692 BUELL MOTORCYCLE CO 4 12,230 CABOT COACH BUILDERS, INC. 1 818 CARPENTER INDUSTRIES, INC. 2 6,838 CLASSIC LIMOUSINE 1 492 CLASSIC MANUFACTURING, INC. 1 8 COACHMEN INDUSTRIES, INC. 8 5,271 COACHMEN RV COMPANY 1 576 COLLINS BUS CORPORATION 1 286 COUNTRY COACH INC 6 519 CRANE CARRIER COMPANY 1 138 DABRYAN COACH BUILDERS 1 723 DAIMLERCHRYSLER CORPORATION 30 6,700,752 DAMON CORPORATION 3 824 DAVINCI COACHWORKS, INC 1 144 D'ELEGANT CONVERSIONS, INC. 1 34 DORSEY TRAILERS, INC. 1 210 DUTCHMEN MANUFACTURING, INC 1 105 ELDORADO NATIONAL 1 173 ELECTRIC TRANSIT, INC. 1 54 ELGIN SWEEPER COMPANY 1 40 E-ONE, INC. 1 3 EUROPA INTERNATIONAL, INC. 2 242 EXECUTIVE COACH BUILDERS 1 702 FEATHERLITE LUXURY COACHES 1 83 FEATHERLITE, INC. 2 3,235 FEDERAL COACH, LLC 1 230 FERRARI NORTH AMERICA 8 1,601 FLEETWOOD ENT., INC. 5 12, 119 FORD MOTOR COMPANY 60 7,485,466 FOREST RIVER, INC. 1 115 FORETRAVEL, INC. 3 478 FOURWINNS 2 2,276 FREIGHTLINER CORPORATION 27 233,032 FREIGHTLINER LLC 1 803 GENERAL MOTORS CORP. -
Volvo Car Switzerland AG IL VOSTRO SPECIALISTA VOLVO PER L’ESTATE MY VOLVO Magazine SOMMAR
MY VOLVO MAGAZINe 2017 Volvo car switzerland AG IL VOSTRO SPECIALISTA VOLVO PER L’ESTATE MY VOLVO MAGAZINe SOMMAR Che cosa significa per voi lusso? In questo numero di «My Volvo L’ U N ION E T R A Magazine» approfondiamo questa domanda e partiamo alla volta della Gran Bretagna. Ci faremo spiegare come si integra nei TRADIZIONE E nuovi modelli Volvo il potente impianto audio del produttore di impianti di alta qualità Bowers & Wilkins, e scopriremo che cos’ha INNOVAZIONE in comune una Volvo con la House of Parliament di Londra. Ci SOMMAR 2017 accompagna per tutto il viaggio la Volvo V90 Cross Country, che ci consente di dominare anche le peggiori strade sterrate fin nelle 4 Highland scozzesi. Scoprite le innovazioni e gli accessori originali con SCOPRIRE IL LUSSO cui Volvo vi semplifica la quotidianità e trasforma ogni gita in auto VOLVO V90 CROSS COUNTRY in un magnifico viaggio. 6 Benvenuti a bordo! BRIDGE OF WEIR L’ALCHIMIA DEL CUOIO 12 DUE PIONIERI INEBRIATI DAL SUONO VÄLKOMMEN BOWERS & WILKINS E VOLVO CARS 22 NEXT GENERATION DRIVERS AUTO A GUIDA AUTONOMA DI VOLVO CARS 24 CONNESSI ALLA VOSTRA VOLVO «MY VOLVO» È UNA RIVISTA DI VOLVO CAR CORPORATION. TUTTI GLI ARTICOLI MENZIONATI NELLE VARIE ILLUSTRAZIONI DI QUESTA BROCHURE CONNECTED CAR FANNO PARTE DELL’ ASSORTIMENTO VOLVO. SIAMO A VOSTRA DISPOSIZIONE PER FORNIRVI MAGGIORI DETTAGLI E PER SOTTOPORVI UN’ OFFERTA INDIVIDUALE. TUTTI I PREZZI INDICATI INCLUDONO L’ I VA DEL L’ 8,0 % PREVISTA DALLA LEGGE. I PREZZI INCLUDONO I COSTI DI MONTAGGIO E SONO VALIDI FINO AL 31.08.2017. -
Freedom to Move
01 • 2021 P46920_Volvo_FTM_1_2021_UG_01_64.indd Alle Seiten 05.02.21 | Marco Willener 14:22 VÄLKOMMEN Gentili clienti di Volvo, Gentili clienti di Volvo, peril 2020 il 2021 si è il rivelato mondo un di annoVolvo più ha impegnativoin serbo diverse che novità mai. Abbiamo per voi. Le dovuto prime affron Volvo- XC40tareil 2020 nuove completamente si è sfide, rivelato cambiare un anno elettriche il piùnostro impegnativo circolano modo di sulle vivereche strademai. la quotidianitàAbbiamo svizzere dovuto già e limitaredall’inizio affron la- dell’anno.nostratare nuove libertà. Qualcuno sfide, Lockdown, cambiare preferirebbe smart il nostro working, un modo look più didistanziamento viveresportivo? la quotidianità Recentemente sociale, e digitalizza limitare è stata la- presentatazione,nostra nuovilibertà. la obblighi nuovaLockdown, Volvoe ulteriori smartC40, difficoltà working,un SUV impreviste: coupédistanziamento compatto nulla di sociale, basatotutto ciò digitalizzasulla rientrava com-- provatanellazione, nostra nuovi piattaforma routine.obblighi E CMAe a ulteriori questo e alimentato difficoltàpunto ci domandiamo:esclusivamente impreviste: nulla cosa a dielettricità. citutto riserva ciò ilrientrava futuro Comenella nostra sarà la routine. normalità E a questodomani punto ci domandiamo: cosa ci riserva il futuro Quest’anno Come sarà la la normalità Volvo XC60 domani si rinnova: l’avanzato sistema operativo Android AutomotiveQuesto periodo fa il fuorisuo dagliingresso schemi a bordo ci sta del però nostro dimostrando dinamico anche SUV. che,Così, sia con in GooglefamigliaQuesto Assistant, periodoche sul lavoro,fuori Google dagli sappiamo Maps schemi e affrontareGoogle ci sta però Play le dimostrandosfide,Store ridefiniresarete sempreanche i valori, che, perfetta- seguire sia in mentenuovefamiglia stradeconnessi. che sul e stare lavoro, più sappiamo vicini come affrontare membri ledi sfide,una comunità. -
Parts Catalog
FLEETRITE® PARTS CATALOG 2018 FLEETRITE PARTS THE RITE SOLUTION FOR YOU Fleetrite® is the first name recognized for trusted quality in aftermarket truck and bus parts. With over 45 years of strong performance in the industry Fleetrite® parts are OEM aftermarket quality approved and are backed by a one-year nationwide parts and labor warranty. High-quality parts at a competitive price. It’s the reason why it’s always the first recommended by more than 700 International® Truck dealers. So remember, the next time you’re in the market for aftermarket, always keep the top of the line, top of mind. Ask for THE ONE that keeps your Uptime FIRST in line. ASK FOR FLEETRITE® FIRST. FLEETRITE® FIRST TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCESSORIES......................................... 1 ENGINE OVERHAUL KITS .................. 83 BACK-UP ALARMS............................. 1 WATER & FUEL PUMPS ..................... 84 SHOP TOWELS ................................ 1 FUEL INJECTORS ............................ 86 JACKS............................................ 2 RADIOS.......................................... 2 ENGINE COOLING.................................... 87 ANTENNAS...................................... 3 RADIATORS.................................... 87 SURGE TANKS................................ 91 CAB...................................................... 4 FAN DRIVES .................................. 92 HVAC COMPRESSORS....................... 4 EXPANSION VALVES .......................... 8 EXHAUST ............................................. 97 BLOWER MOTORS........................... -
Engine Timing Tools BMW N12 PSA 1.4 / 1.6 Chain
BMW N12 Engine PSA timing tools 1.4 / 1.6 Chain K 10558 www.kamasatools.com Plan Layout C A D A B Component Identification Ref OEM Ref BMW OEM Ref PSA Description Inlet Camshaft Locking Tool (Supplied in A 11 9 540 0197-A3 2 parts) (Marked IN) Exhaust Camshaft Locking Tool (Marked B 11 9 540 0197-A1 EX) C Fixing Bolts (3) D 11 9 590 0197-B Crankshaft Setting Pin Applications The application list for this product has been compiled cross referencing the OEM Tool Code with the Component Code. In most cases the tools are specific to this type of engine and are necessary for Cam belt or chain maintenance. If the engine has been identified as an interference engine valve to piston damage will occur if the engine is run with a broken Cam belt. A compression check of all cylinders should be performed before removing the cylinder head. Always consult a suitable work shop manual before attempting to change the Cam belt or Chain. The use of these engine timing tools is purely down to the user’s discretion and Tool Connection cannot be held responsible for any damage caused what so ever. ALWAYS USE A REPUTABLE WORKSHOP MANUAL Manufacturer Mode Type Engine Code Year BMW Mini One N12B14AB 2007-2010 Mini Cooper N12B16A 2006-2010 Peugeot 207 | 308 1.4 EP3 (8FS) 2007-2010 207 | 308 1.6 EP6(5FW) 2007-2010 Citroën C3 | DS3 Vti 1.4 8FR(EP3) 2008-2010 C3 | C3 1.4 5FS(EP6) 2008-2010 Picasso DS3 | C4 VTi 1.4 C4 Picasso 1.6 BMW Mini and Peugeot have developed a pair of new engines; the N12 and N14 ranges incorporate the latest technologies to give the best performance, economy and emissions possible. -
Camber Effect Study on Combined Tire Forces
Camber effect study on combined tire forces Shiruo Li Master Thesis in Vehicle Engineering Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology TRITA-AVE 2013:33 ISSN 1651-7660 Postal address Visiting Address Telephone Telefax Internet KTH Teknikringen 8 +46 8 790 6000 +46 8 790 6500 www.kth.se Vehicle Dynamics Stockholm SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Considering the more and more concerned climate change issues to which the greenhouse gas emission may contribute the most, as well as the diminishing fossil fuel resource, the automotive industry is paying more and more attention to vehicle concepts with full electric or partly electric propulsion systems. Limited by the current battery technology, most electrified vehicles on the roads today are hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Though fully electrified systems are not common at the moment, the introduction of electric power sources enables more advanced motion control systems, such as active suspension systems and individual wheel steering, due to electrification of vehicle actuators. Various chassis and suspension control strategies can thus be developed so that the vehicles can be fully utilized. Consequently, future vehicles can be more optimized with respect to active safety and performance. Active camber control is a method that assigns the camber angle of each wheel to generate desired longitudinal and lateral forces and consequently the desired vehicle dynamic behavior. The aim of this study is to explore how the camber angle will affect the tire force generation and how the camber control strategy can be designed so that the safety and performance of a vehicle can be improved. -
Software Controlled Stepping Valve System for a Modern Car Engine
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Manufacturing 8 ( 2017 ) 525 – 532 14th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, GCSM 3-5 October 2016, Stellenbosch, South Africa Software Controlled Stepping Valve System for a Modern Car Engine I. Zibania, R. Marumob, J. Chumac and I. Ngebanid.* a,b,dUniversity of Botswana, P/Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana cBotswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana Abstract To address the problem of a piston-valve collision associated with poppet valve engines, we replaced the conventional poppet valve with a solenoid operated stepping valve whose motion is perpendicular to that of the piston. The valve events are software controlled, giving rise to precise intake/exhaust cycles and improved engine efficiency. Other rotary engine models like the Coates engine suffer from sealing problems and possible valve seizure resulting from excessive frictional forces between valve and seat. The proposed valve on the other hand, is located within the combustion chamber so that the cylinder pressure help seal the valve. To minimize friction, the valve clears its seat before stepping into its next position. The proposed system was successfully simulated using ALTERA’s QUARTUS II Development System. A successful prototype was built using a single piston engine. This is an ongoing project to eventually produce a 4-cylinder engine. ©© 2017 201 6Published The Authors. by Elsevier Published B.V. Thisby Elsevier is an open B.V. access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (Peerhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/-review under responsibility of the organizing). committee of the 14th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. -
Honda Quits F1! Japanese Manufacturer to Bring Curtain Down on Race-Winning Programme
>> Britain’s Land Speed Record attempt update – see p36 December 2020 • Vol 30 No 12 • www.racecar-engineering.com • UK £5.95 • US $14.50 Honda quits F1! Japanese manufacturer to bring curtain down on race-winning programme CASH CONTROL We reveal the details of Formula 1’s Concorde deal SAFETY CELL The latest in composite chassis technology design INDYCAR SCREEN Aerodine on building US single seater safety device VIRTUAL TRADE Exciting new engineering products for the 2021 season 01 REV30N12_Cover_Honda-ACbs.indd 1 19/10/2020 12:56 THE EVOLUTION IN FLUID HORSEPOWER ™ ™ XRP® ProPLUS RaceHose and ™ XRP® Race Crimp Hose Ends A full PTFE smooth-bore hose, manufactured using a patented process that creates convolutions only on the outside of the tube wall, where they belong for increased flexibility, not on the inside where they can impede flow. This smooth-bore race hose and crimp-on hose end system is sized to compete directly with convoluted hose on both inside diameter and weight while allowing for a tighter bend radius and greater flow per size. Ten sizes from -4 PLUS through -20. Additional "PLUS" sizes allow for even larger inside hose diameters as an option. CRIMP COLLARS Two styles allow XRP NEW XRP RACE CRIMP HOSE ENDS™ Race Crimp Hose Ends™ to be used on the ProPLUS Black is “in” and it is our standard color; Race Hose™, Stainless braided CPE race hose, XR- Blue and Super Nickel are options. Hundreds of styles are available. 31 Black Nylon braided CPE hose and some Bent tube fixed, double O-Ring sealed swivels and ORB ends.