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Replacement Guidelines for Passenger and Light Truck Tires

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Replacement Guidelines for Passenger and Light Truck Tires P-Metric and European Metric LT Metric, LT High Flotation/Wide Base, and Numeric (through Load Range “E”) CONTENTS Purpose ................................................................................................2 For Your Information...........................................................................2 The Sidewall Story Vehicle Tire Placard Examples Replacement Guidelines.....................................................................3 - 7 What Tire Is Right for the Vehicle .................................................................3 Tire Size, Inflation & Load.............................................................................3 Tire Mixing.....................................................................................................4 Replacing Less Than Four Tires...................................................................4 Tire Rim/Wheel Selection..............................................................................5 Tire, Vehicle Clearance & Tire Diameter ......................................................5 Tire Mounting ................................................................................................6 Plus Sizing ....................................................................................................6 Important Considerations...................................................................7 Endnotes ..............................................................................................8 SUPPLEMENT .......................................................................Attached Supplement Includes: Approved Rim Widths, LT Load/Inflation Tables, Obsolete data tables PPuurrppoossee The purpose of this manual and its supplement is to provide indus- try recommended guidelines and important safety information when IMPORTANT replacing tires for light vehicles*. Please note that while this manu- Before replacing tires, ALWAYS al is intended to outline general guidelines and considerations for tire refer to and follow the vehicle replacement, it is not all-inclusive. Questions pertaining to specific manufacturer's replacement tire products and/or vehicle fitments should be addressed to the vehicle restrictions and recommendations. manufacturer, tire manufacturer, or tire dealer. Because technology and tire specifications change over time, be sure to visit the RMA web site periodically for current information www.rma.org. FFoorr YYoouurr IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn The Sidewall Story Vehicle Tire Placard Examples Tires have very useful information molded into the sidewall. It shows the name of the tire, its size, whether it is tubeless or tube type, the maximum load and maximum inflation, important safety warnings and other information. Typical Passenger Tire Below are layouts for new vehicle tire placards as illustrat- ed in 49 CFR Part 571.110 S4.3. The new placards will be phased-in beginning September 1, 2005. Typical Light Truck Tire * As defined by 49 CFR Part 571.139, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 139), light vehicles are motor vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lbs. or less. Tire sizes for light vehicles include all passenger car tires and light truck tire sizes (through Load Range E). 2 RReeppllaacceemmeenntt GGuuiiddeelliinneess WHAT TIRE IS RIGHT FOR THE VEHICLE to or greater than what is specified by the vehicle manufac- turer if the speed capability of the vehicle is to be maintained. When tires need to be replaced, do not guess what tire is (Also see “Tire Mixing” on p. 4, and “Important Considerations” on p. 7.) right for your vehicle. For the answer first look at the vehicle tire placard, which is usually located on the vehicle door edge, door LIGHT TRUCK TIRE REPLACEMENT post, glove box or fuel door (or check the vehicle owner’s man- In addition to the considerations already stated, also be sure ual). The vehicle tire placard tells you the size of the tires, to take into account the following items relative to light truck (LT) including the spare, that were installed on the vehicle as original tire replacement. equipment (“OE”). It also includes the recommended cold infla- Tires should only be mounted on approved rim widths. tion pressures for the tires on the front/rear axles and for the (See "Tire Rim/Wheel Selection" on p. 5 and the Supplement) spare tire. It may also include seating capacity and combined If changing tire sizes, check to make sure the rim/wheel weight of occupants and cargo. If your vehicle does not have a has adequate load and inflation pressure capacity. For vehicle tire placard, check your owner's manual or consult with rims/wheels not so identified or for service conditions the vehicle manufacturer, tire manufacturer, or a tire dealer. exceeding the rated capacities, consult the rim/wheel manufacturer to determine the rim/wheel capabilities. IMPORTANT Body and chassis clearance must be checked on the vehi- cle's front and rear axles. (See "Tire, Vehicle Clearance and Tire ALWAYS check the vehicle manufacturer's recom- Diameter" on p. 5) mendations for the OE tire size, load capacity, infla- Proper spacing between duals (minimum dual spacing) is tion pressure, and speed rating information before necessary for optimum tire performance. Consult tire or vehi- replacing a tire with a different size and construction. cle manufacturers' literature for recommendations. If chains It is not always possible to select the same tire size are used, particular care must be taken to assure adequate clearance between loaded tires to avoid damage from for a replacement tire. NEVER choose a smaller chains. Allowable outside diameter differences between a size, with less load carrying capacity than the speci- tire and its dual mate is 1/4" for light truck tires. fied size on the vehicle tire placard. For tube type tires, be sure to use approved tubes/flaps/valves for the replacement tire. When used in radial tires, radial tubes and radial flaps are required. TIRE SIZE, INFLATION & LOAD REPLACING O.E. PASSENGER TIRES WITH LT TIRES TIRE REPLACEMENTS Some vehicles, such as sport utility vehicles, vans, and pick- Replacement tires should be the same as the OE size des- up trucks, have passenger tires installed as original equipment. ignation -- or approved options -- as recommended by the vehi- As previously stated, it is preferred that replacement tires should cle or tire manufacturer. Never choose a replacement tire of a be the same OE size designation -- or approved options -- as rec- smaller tire size with less load carrying capacity than the OE ommended by the vehicle or tire manufacturer. However, in tire size at the specified vehicle placard pressure. Under cer- some cases, the OE passenger tires on these types of vehicles tain circumstances, a vehicle manufacturer may recommend or can be replaced with light truck tires, which are tires marked with permit a specific substitute tire size, inflation pressure, maxi- an "LT" designation on the sidewall. LT tires for light vehicles, mum speed, maximum load, etc. It is recommended that all which are vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (“GVWR”) four tires be of the same size, speed rating, and construction of 10,000 lbs. or less, include load ranges "B", "C", "D" and "E". (radial, non-radial). In some cases, the vehicle manufacturer may specifically advise against the application of replacement IMPORTANT tires that are not the original size. In other cases, the vehicle Unless otherwise specified by the vehicle manu- manufacturer may require different sized tires for either the facturer, it is not recommended to replace OE LT- front or rear axles. (Also see “Tire Mixing” on p. 4, and “Important metric, High Flotation/Wide Base, or Numeric tires Considerations” on p. 7.) Always check and follow the recommenda- tions in the vehicle owner's manual. with P-metric (e.g. P205/60R15) or European metric tires (e.g. 205/60R15). Please note that European Replacement tires must have: Metric tires do not have a "P" in the size designation. Inflation pressure capability equal to or greater than the operating inflation pressure specified on the vehicle tire placard. When determining the proper tire inflation pressure set- If you replace passenger car tires with light truck tires, tings for substitute tires, never exceed the maximum pres- replacement tires will require a significant inflation pressure sure listed on the sidewall of the tires. adjustment in order to carry the same load as the original Carefully note any differences between recommendations equipment size. Passenger tire load carrying capacity must be for front and rear axle positions regarding the tire size reduced by dividing by 1.10 for LT applications. For example: and/or inflation pressure. P235/75R15 which has a maximum load capacity for passen- Load-carrying capacity must be equal to or greater than the ger vehicle application = 2028 lbs. For a light truck application, using the formula, the maximum load capacity would be 2028 load carrying capacity of the OE tire size at the specified vehicle ÷ placard pressure. 1.10 = 1844 lbs. (Also see “Important Considerations” on p. 7 and Speed rating (such as “S”, “T”, “U”, “H”, “V”, “Z”, etc.) must be equal attached Supplement for LT load/inflation tables.) 3 RMA REPLACEMENT GUIDELINES FOR PASSENGER AND LIGHT TRUCK TIRES NOTE: When replacing
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