View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia J. Entomol. Indon., April 2008, Vol. 5, No.1 , 10-16 Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia Butterfly Record from Salak Mountain, Indonesia HERI TABADEPU 1) , DAMAYANTI BUCHORI 2) , BANDUNG SAHARI 1) 1) Peka Indonesia Foundation (Wildlife Trust Alliance) 2) Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University (diterima Juni 2007, disetujui Januari 2008) ABSTRACT Keanekaragaman kupu-kupu dari Gunung Salak, Indonesia. Penelitian mengenai kupu-kupu telah banyak dilakukan di seluruh dunia, namun informasi basis data tentang kupu-kupu sangat terbatas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui spesies dari komunitas kupu-kupu yang berada di hutan alam dan habitat sekitarnya di areal Gunung Salak, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Pengumpulan data ekologi dilakukan pada bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2003. Survei kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan menggunakan transek sepanjang 200 meter di lima lokasi terpilih yang berbeda. Survei mengumpulkan 237 individu dari 28 spesies yang terdiri dari dari 4 famili. Famili yang paling sering dijumpai adalah Nymphalidae. Pencatatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Nymphalidae memiliki jumlah species terbanyak dan kelimpahan individu tertinggi. Dalam tataran species, Melanitis leda adalah spesies dengan kelimpahan tertinggi. Penelitian lebih jauh diperlukan untuk menyediakan informasi yang lebih lengkap tentang komunitas kupu-kupu di daerah ini. KEY WORDS : butterfly, natural forest, paddy field, species, transect thousand of islands, Indonesia is INTRODUCTION expected to be the home for many species of butterfly; however Tropical rainforests are known to information on butterfly diversity and harbor the highest diversity of its database is very incomplete. organisms (e.g. Wilson 1988). This is Therefore further studies are needed to also true for many groups of insects, provide more information to determine for example parasitic wasps (Quicke the status of butterfly community in 1997), ants (Brühl 2001), moths (Beck Indonesia. & Schulze 2000; Beck et al . 2002) and Some investigations have been butterflies (Schulze et al. 2004). conducted in several islands and Butterfly is a well studied insect taxon provided valuable published across the world since it is a sensitive information on several scientific insect group to habitat disturbance that journals including butterfly from plays a very important role in the Central Sulawesi (Schulze et al . 2004), ecosystem. As tropical country, with East Kalimantan (Cleary & Grill 2004; 10 Heri Tabadepu et al.,: Butterfly Record from Salak Mountain, Indonesia Charrete et al . 2006), Bromo Tengger surrounding habitats. This study was Semeru National Park (Suharto et al . the first survey to look at butterfly 2005) and Mount Tangkuban Perahu community living in and around the (Tati-Subahar et al . 2007). Some study area. Here, we present a project reports and books have also preliminary information on butterfly recorded butterfly species from a species list recorded by transect walk certain area such as butterfly from sampling. We believe that this would Button-Sulawesi (Wallace 2004; be valuable progress of butterfly Winarni & Jones 2007), Bukit Barisan investigation in Indonesia and would Selatan National Park (Nurhasanah et also enrich database information for al. 2006), Papua (van Mastrigt & consideration of conservation strategy Rosariyanto 2005), Bogor Botanical of the study area. Garden (Peggie & Amir 2006). This information showed that there is MATERIAL AND METHODS substantially a significant progress of Study Area and Study Site butterfly database development in Salak Mountain is located about Indonesia, however much studies are two hours from the nearest city, Bogor still required to capture more records and approximately four hours from the of butterflies community inhabiting the Capital City, Jakarta. The size of the risky remaining natural habitats. Java study area was about 31.237 ha is the most populated Island in covering two districts, Bogor (sub Indonesia that is now suffering from district Ciampea, Ciomas, vast conversion of natural ecosystem Cibungbulan) and Sukabumi (Cicurug, due to the increasing rate of land use Parung Kuda). Previously, the study change. Since many butterfly species area was managed by Government are susceptible to the type of state forest company (Perhutani). environmental change and to the loss Rainfall was about 300 mm/month and of their plant hosts, more temperature ranged between 21.2 °C investigations are needed to record and 29.9 ° with mean of temperature species list of butterfly before their was about C25.7 °C (BMG 1997). extinction precedes discovery by Highest rainfall was occurred from human. November to May and highest altitude Salak Mountain is among the of the Mountain is about 2.211 m. remaining natural ecosystem in Java Samplings were conducted at five that is now facing tremendous habitat different selected areas in and around destruction. Our work in this area was Gunung Salak, Gunung Bunder (S: focused on exploring butterfly species 0,6 °41’24,8’’ E ; 106 °41’52,1’’), inhabiting natural forest and Ciapus (S ; 0,6 °40’42,8’’E ; 11 J. Entomol. Indon., April 2008, Vol. 5, No.1 , 10-16 106 °44’42,9’’), Cidahu (S ; Data analyses 0,6 °43’51,8’’E ; 106 °42’25,0’’), Sorted and identified specimens Jayanegara (S ; 0,6°46’14,0’’E ; were then compiled into MS Exell. 106 °38’15,3’’). Insects were surveyed Data was not analyzed using specific both in forest and paddy fields in the statistical tool. Data was not vicinity of the forest margin. statistically calculated instead of ecologically analyzed. Sampling Samplings were conducted RESULTS between September and December In total, approximately 237 2003. Insects were surveyed by using individual belonging to 26 species and sweep net following transect walks four families were recorded in and along 200 m. Butterflies were around Salak Mountain (24 species collected using a time-constrained area collected from forest, 13 species search during peak flight periods collected from paddy field, 11 species (09.00 to 15.00 hours). Specimens that recorded from both forest and paddy could not be designated to species in field) by surveying five selected the field were caught with a sweep net locations with two habitat types. and identified subsequently in the Nymphalidae was the most abundant laboratory. The surveys were and species rich family, lowest number restricted to condition where the of individual and species was recorded weathers were most favorable for from Papilionidae with only two flight. singletone species ( Graphium evemon Specimen Handling and Identification and Papilio demolion ). Melanitis leda Butterflies caught from the field was the species frequentely found in were then brought into laboratory for Salak Mountain. Cidahu was recorded sorting and identification. All to be the most species rich than other specimens that were brought into the selected locations (Gunung Bunder = 9 laboratory were handled and mounted species, Cidahu = 10 species, Ciapus = using conventional procedures. Dry 7 species, and Cisarua = 9 species). collections were made by exposing the specimen inside oven for three days. DISCUSSION Identification was conducted by Our work in Salak Mountain was reffering to standart references intended to provide preliminary including Morrel (1968), Tsukada information on species list of butterfly (1981,1982,1985,1991). community instead of measuring diversity. Therefore butterflies were surveyed by using only a single 12 Heri Tabadepu et al.,: Butterfly Record from Salak Mountain, Indonesia Table 1. Species list of butterfly community inhabiting Salak Mountain (F= Forest, P=Paddy field) Family Species Gunung bunder Cidahu Jayanegara Ciapus Cisarua F P F P F P F P F P Nymphalidae Lethe confusa 3 3 5 1 6 3 - - - - Nymphalidae Ypthima sp. 10 - - - - - - 1 9 3 Nymphalidae Ideopsis sp. 1 - - - 1 - - - - - Nymphalidae Melanitis leda - 20 20 17 17 5 8 3 - - Nymphalidae Faunis canens - 1 3 2 2 - 4 1 - - Nymphalidae Taenaris sp. - - 3 - - - - - - - Nymphalidae Nimphalidae sp.1 - - 1 - - - - - - - Nymphalidae Nimphalidae sp.2 - - 1 - - - - - - - Nymphalidae Hypolimnas sp. 1 - - 1 1 1 - 2 - 2 - Nymphalidae Euploea mulciber - - - - 1 1 - - - 1 Nymphalidae Cethosia sp. - - - - 1 - - - 1 - Nymphalidae Junonia sp. - - - 2 1 - - - 2 - Nymphalidae Mycalesis sp. - - - 2 - - 5 - - - Nymphalidae Hypolimnas sp. 2 - - - - - - - - 1 - Nymphalidae Charaxes polyxena - - - - - 1 - - - - Nymphalidae Danaus harina - - - - - 1 - - - - Papilionidae Graphium evemon 1 - - - - - - - - - Papilionidae Papilio demolion - - 1 - - - - - - - Lycanidae Celastrina dilecta 3 - 2 - - - - - - - Lycanidae Jamines sp . 2 - - - - - - - - - Lycanidae Lycanidae sp.1 - - - - - - - - 6 - Lycanidae Arthopala sp. - - 5 - - - - - - - Pieridae Gandaca harina - 1 - - 7 1 4 - - - Pieridae Leptosia nina - 2 - - - 1 1 1 - - Pieridae Eurema hecabe 1 2 - - - 6 5 - 3 1 Pieridae Cepora aspasis 1 - - - - - - - - - Total 22 29 42 25 37 19 29 5 24 5 transect walk without replication. Our Tengger Semeru National Park that discussion mostly emphasize on identified 31 species (Suharto et al . comparison of species richness of the 2005), but higher than butterfly record study area and other regions in Java in Tangkuban Perahu, West Java with and other islands in Indonesia. Some only 23 species (Tati-Subahar et al . studies from neighboring countries 2007).