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Atoll Research Bulletin No. 169 Investigations Of ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 169 INVESTIGATIONS OF ACANTlfASTER PLANCI IN SOUTHEASTERN POLYNESIA DURING 1970-1971 by Dennis M. Devaney ancl John E. Randall Isanecl by THE SMITITSONIAN INSTlTUTION Introduction Duke of Gloucester Group, 'ruamolu Archipelago Anuan~~raroAtoll Cambier or Maneareva Group, Tuamotu Archipelago Pitcairn Group Ocno Atol~l. P:i-tcairn Isl.and Henderson Island Ducie Ato1.l. Rapa anci llllots cic Bass The Austral Is ].and s So~ltl:~.c~nCools Islands Manur~c (11c:rvcy) Aitutalci Raro ton@ SocS~eLy:Islands Uora Bora Hua11i.n.e Tahiti Nori;l?ern Tuail~otuArch jclago Rangiroa Mailih i Atoll Talcaroa h-l;oll. I~larquesas7:s lands htncri.ca~iSamoa '1,'utu.i 3.a Rcsuioi: -L-Flprrc?s (:l?ol..30rcini: 1,. 23 ) Iloui;e of the "Wcst~:arciUiiri Soul.:i?oasierl-1 Oceania Ai~uanu:raroAIL o:l.3. , l'uamo tu. hrcl-lSipc:l.ago Canibi.or :is1 ands, Frcnci.~Po1~ynes.i.a Pfo:~~f;a:reva:Is land 'I'hc :i.s l.antls o:S 0c:no , 1~1cntlci:soil , an tl Tluc i.c ":i L c aiirn 1:s l and 'I.'hc :i.sl.anri o:S Rap R.,u~vavae, '. AusL:ra:l~ 1s:l;inrls i\:itul.akS. 1:s land and ?.lamlac (11c:rv c?), :I:sI :lntJ s ) Cool< Is3.ai)d s I?,~1.~. .. ,o ~'i;o.i~ga, Cook :ii.,:l~ands lta orSoc:ici.y :l:sl.antis Iiuahiric, Soc:i.cL), :I:s:l;i.n~is l'a!:i CS, Socic-l;y ?slaiicIs Plate I, :figure A. AcanLhasLer Ganci upon Acroporan coral after feeding. Freshly eaten area on left. Mangareva Island, Sta-tion 3, depth m, Dec. 12, 1970. Photo by D.M. Devaney. Plate I, figure B. Acroporan coral showing fresh feed in^ scar (upper left), previously eaten, al~galcovered area (lower right), ancl living part (center left) . Fiangareva Island, Station 3, depth 2 rn, Dee. 12, 1970. Photo by D.M. Devaney. Plate TI, figure A. -Acanthastcr planci. on underside of recently eaten. Acrolsoran coral. Mangareva :[sl.and, Station 3, depth 2 in, Dec. 12, 1370. Photo by D.M. Devaney. Plate 11, figure B. Acanthaster --planci among branches o:f Acroporan coral. Older dead algal covered portions (right) and live coral (fore(;rountl, lef t ) . Mangarcva Island, Station 3, depth 3 in, Dec. 12, 1970 Photo by D.M. Devaney. Pla-te T:l:C, :Ti.gure A. Frcsh :feetli.ng scar on Pori.tes coral and surroulldiLng dead branchi.ng ccorals. Rarotonga, Cook Islands, depth 30 in, Mar. 11, 1971. Photo by D.M. Devaney. INVESTIGATIONS OF ACANTHASTER PLANCI IN SOUTlllEASTERN POLY. NESIA DURING 2970-1911 by Dennis M. DevaneyL' anti John E. Randall-1 / INTRODUCTIOK In recent years considerable interest has been aroused by the damage -to reefs in the tropical Pacific caused. by large populations of the crown-of-thorns starfish (~canthasterplanci), a coral predator. Survey teams have made starfish counts and assessed the damage to reefs at a number of islands. Most of this activity has taken place in the western Pacific, partic- ularly the Trust Territory and Grea-t Barrier Reef. Very little information has been obtained on the relative abundance of this starfish and -the condition of the coral reefs i.n southeast Oceania. The opportunity to visit a number of islands in this remote part of the Pacific was provided by a marine biological expedition carried out during the period December 1, 1970 to May 20, 1971 on the 99-foot schooner "Westward" owned and operated at that time by the Oceanic Foundation. During the expediti.on, Bishop Museum marine bi.ologists Dennis M. Devaney and John E. Randall conducted a reconnaissance for the crown- of-thori~s starfish at the various islands visited. When the starfish were present in rlurnber-s, an assessment was made of their damage .to the coral reefs. At several places, measure- ments, gonad samples, and color notes were -taken of +. planci (Table 1). The expedition was Cinanccd by a grant to tlie Bishop Museulri f rorn the National Geographic Society, augmented by funds from the Oceanic Foundation for operation of the vcssel. Support for the surveys of A. planci was provided hy the Sca Grant Program of tlie University o:f liawai.i. Surveys for the starfi.sl-1weye carried out at the foll.owin~ groups o:f is1.aud.s (number of islands vis:i.l;ed wi-thin groups S~IOLV-IIi.1~ parentheses) : Tuanlotu Arc1,:ipelago (11 ) , Ganibi.cr Group ([I), Pi-tcai.mGroup ().I), Rapa (2), Austral (3), sou-Lhcrn Cook (3), Society (3), and the Marquesas (6). In additi.011, Devaney visited two islands in American Samoa. The itinerary of tlre "l\'cstward"is shown :in l!igure 1 . Names of the isl.ands vi~sited are underlined. L'Rcrnice P. Bishop Muscum, P.O. I3ox 6037, 1-Ionolulu, IIawai~ 9681 8. Text figures :i.:n -th.i.s report o:f the :i.slarrds at r.jklich surveys for Acanthas.ter planci ruere carrj.ed out are based on maps in PaciCic 1sl.antis Volume IT, Eas-tern 13aci?ic, 1943 Geographical Handboolc Series, Naval :Lntel.ligence llivJ.s:iorr, Calnbridge. I)UISI? O'B' GS.,OUCES1'I3H GROUP , TIJAMOTU IZIIC;TI:I:.PJ~T,AGO 017 Uecelnber 6, 1970 -the "T!'estwa:rdV ar~choredoff the no:rlh- west side o:f Anuanuraro (20' 25' S; 11~3~33l I?), a sma:L.l ui1i.n- hahited atoll which. 1-acks a pass (~ig.2). A boat was carried :frorn the seaward side, across t;he reef flat -to the 1.agoon. A search. :for Acanthaster was carried ou-t i.a the ~iester-I?. lagoon^ (pig. 2, A)-wi ~h SCUBA and by s1c:i.n diving. Considerab1.e li.ve coral was prcse:nt along the sides and -lop of coral. la3olls as wel.1 as i:n isolated patches on the sandy lagoon hot-tom (maxi.mu111 clep-lh, 11.0 fee.t). At one linol.1, extending from a dc]>th. of approximately 30 fee-t to near tbe surface, a large Acan-i;h.asCer was collected in mid-afternoon along the sj.de of -the knoll at a clep-th of 20 feet. Color notes -taken a-t the ti.me of capture revealed the starfish to have the abora-1 side greyish -to tan with the spines reddish. No recent feeding scars were seen, and tbe animal was not feeding when taken. Further survey o:f -the lmoll and adjacent kno1.l~failed -to reveal additiolial. Acanthaster. Measurement da%a concerning this specimen are presented in Table 1. Two SCUBA dives were made by Randall and the "Westward" crew off the seaward side of the reef al~ongthe northwestern side of the a-toll. The :l'i.rst dive (~ig.2, R) revealed a rather steep slope with live coral and coral rubbl~e; no --Acanthaster -was seen nor vas there any sign o:T feed:iLng by star- fi.sh.. The second dive, (pig. 2, C) which was made farl:her sou-th., revealed even richer coral growkh and more vari.ed. topography with caves, etc. ; again, there was no sign of Acanthas-ter nor evidence of, coral prcda-t:i.on. GAMUTER OR MANGARRVA GROUP, TUAMOTU hRCHIPl:,l,AGO On December 9, "1iest~~ard."ancho:~:::ed at 7'o:r.t Ri.kiAea 0x1 Manf.?arcva (~i~gs.3 and I-I.),the principal sett:l.cmcn.t of tlrc Gamhier Group. On Decembcr 11 our survey .?or -hcant;ilaslcr colnrncuced. Observers i.ncl.uded Devanc?y, llandal~l.., ikan TI. Canuioy, and Jcan-Pierre EableL, f:i.shery biologi.st with Cen-t:t:::c? d Ex.l>Fr:~melitat:i.ons du Pacil'ique 13. I?. ) Pri.or to our arrival. (c. e we had been :i.~?forrncd.by personnel a:? Service clc 1.a Pcche and the k.st~-~utde Recherchcs MFdj.cales in Papeelie lha-t nulnerous A. --planci h.ad been found along -the soutl~~.jcslernside of Mangareva Island (ap:parently :first noted in October, .I 969). Our :first station (.I of Fig. 3) was carried out in. the l.agooii a few hundred yards sou1;heas-t of 1:l.e Tenoko (23' 4' 30" S; 1 2 I). Patcl-r reefs werc investigated wi.th the use of SCUBA and by ski~ndi.ving. The oiajority of the coral. was al.i.ve; there was no evitlence of &cantlrast~. On t;hc af-l;e.rnoon of tlie same day Che second station (2 of Fig. 3) was run outsi~dethe bar:rier reef jusl; souLhwcst o:f ll.e Tenolco a.t a dcpth of 20 to 60 feet. Sonie towing was carri.cd ou-t in the vi.cin:iA.y. Coral growth was l.usli, No star- fishes were seen. On December 12 a ser::i.es of seven tows were made (a-lter- nating observers) along the soul;h.wes-t shore of Mangareva Is:L.and. These consti.tuted Stati.on 3. The first two began at Atitui~ti.and the 1.ast ended three miles beyond near the ~iesterss end of the :i.s:Land. No AcanLhaster werc siighted until the end of Lhe fi.f-th tow rvlrcn several were seen. Two speci.mens were collected, as were the corals (~cro~ora)-- on. which they were feeding. With the si.xth tow the numbers of starfish increased, and the coral damage as well. We had found the A.
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