Structure En Vitesse Des Enveloppes Protostellaires

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Structure En Vitesse Des Enveloppes Protostellaires N d’ordre : 8523 PRÉSENTÉE À L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XI Ecole doctorale d’astrophysique d’Ile-de-France par Coralie Doucet 2007 Apr 23 POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE - 1 Docteur version Spécialité : Astronomie - Astrophysique Disques protoplanétaires autour d’étoiles tel-00142897, DE MASSE INTERMÉDIAIRE : APPORT DE L’IMAGERIE EN INFRAROUGE MOYEN. Soutenue le 12 décembre devant le jury composé de : Guillaume PINEAU DES FORETS ............................................................... Président Magali DELEUIL ........................................................................................ Rapporteur Jean-Louis MONIN ..................................................................................... Rapporteur Anne DUTREY ........................................................................................ Examinateur Mario VAN DEN ANCRER ..................................................................... Examinateur P-0 LAG AGE .................................................................................Directeur de thèse Eric PANTIN ....................................................................................................... Invité tel-00142897, version 1 - 23 Apr 2007 Parce que, à mes yeux, repousser ses limites est la seule manière de se connaitre mieux et de progresser humainement. par Mike Horn 2007 Apr 23 - 1 version tel-00142897, tel-00142897, version 1 - 23 Apr 2007 tel-00142897, version 1 - 23 Apr 2007 Remerciements 2007 Apr 23 - Il n’est pas facile de mener, seule, le projet d’une thèse à sa fin. C’est, pourquoi je 1 voulais remercier chaque personne qui m’a aidé à avancer au quotidien pour que cela soit possible. version Je voulais d’abord remercier tous les membres du jury pour avoir accepté de juger ce travail, en particulier Magali Deleuil et Jean Louis Monin qui ont eu la lourde charge d’être rapporteur. Je n’aurais pas pu faire cette thèse sans Pierre Olivier qui a toujours su trouver une place pour discuter science avec moi, malgré son emploi du temps très chargé ! Merci tel-00142897, de tous tes commentaires qui ont permis de faire avancer le manuscrit. Merci à Eric également qui m’a permis de devenir une pro du traitement d’images ! Je voulais remercier également les personnes qui ont du me supporter dans le tra­ vail. Un grand merci à Emilie de toutes nos discussions qui m’ont, permises de mieux comprendre la physique des grains dans les disques. Merci à Gaspard et. François de leurs remarques toujours constructives. Merci à Claire de son soutien marseillais ! Merci à Kees de m’avoir toujours aidé à distance du mieux qu’il pouvait.. Cet.t.e thèse n’aurait, pas été la même sans les dicussions du midi avec tous les autres thésards du labo pour refaire le monde. C’est, pourquoi je veux remercier chacun d’entre eux pour avoir été là tout, simplement.. Merci Marionnette d’avoir toujours eu une oreille pour m’écout.er. Garde t.a pêche légendaire, ça fait, du bien par où ca passe ! Merci Matthieu de ton humour et. de ton écoute qui nous a fait, chaque jour nous rapprocher un peu plus. Je n’oublierai pas toutes les tartes au chocolat, qu’on a partagé ! Merci Mickaël pour ton éternel optimisme, ne change pas ! 1 Disques protoplanétaires en IR moyen Merci Patrick pour tes convictions idéologiques auxquelles on aimerait tous croire ! Merci Guillaume pour ta sagesse et ton calme apaisants. Merci Severin pour tes blagues, parfois très mauvaises, mais qui font toujours rire ! Merci Bob de ton super accent hollandais et de ta franchise. Merci David d’avoir joué le rôle de grand frère. Merci à Cédric qui a toujours compris quand ca n’allait pas. Merci à Christophe et Amélie de m’avoir montré la voie le 15 juillet 2006. Merci à Evelyne de nos dicussions de filles au milieu de ce monde de mec ! Je voulais aussi remercier Doris pour avoir toujours été là, à coté de moi, que se soit physiquement dans le bureau, ou psychologiquement dans les moments difficiles de ma thèse. Je n’en serai pas là sans toi, non plus, mon Jim. Tu m’as transmis ta passion de l’as- tro, ce qui nous a permis de faire une fine équipe pendant les trois ans qui ont précédé 2007 cette thèse. Ensuite, j’ai du me débrouiller sans toi, mais tu n’étais jamais très loin de Apr moi. 23 - Je voulais aussi remercier mes parents de m’avoir soutenue et d’avoir accepté de 1 jouer le jeu des allers-retours à l’aéroport, de Roissy les nombreuses fois que cela a été nécéssaire. Merci à ma petite soeur qui a avancé autant que moi ces trois dernières années. C’est, le plus beau cadeau qu’elle m’ait, fait.. version Cet.t.e thèse m’a permis de rencontrer l’Amour de ma vie sans qui je n’en serais pas là aujourd’hui. Je voulais t.e remercier, Yves, pour m’avoir soutenue à chaque seconde de ces trois ans, même à distance. Ces trois ans sont, synonymes, pour nous, d’aller-ret.ours Paris-Munich les weekends et. de coups de téléphoné tout, au long de la semaine. J’ai pu tel-00142897, puiser ma force en nous et. me battre dans les moments difficiles grâce à t.oi. Merci enfin pour m’avoir aidé dans la dernière ligne droite an relisant, ma thèse mainte et. mainte fois pour corriger mon français pas toujours potable ! ! 2 Disques protoplanétaires en IR moyen tel-00142897, version 1 - 23 Apr 2007 Table des matières Introduction 7 2007 1 Introduction sur les disques autour d’étoiles HAe. 9 Apr 1.1 Introduction sur les étoiles de faible masse............................................. 10 23 - 1.2 Etoiles de masse intermédiaire : les étoiles HAeBe................................... 12 1 1.2.1 Définition....................................................................................... 12 1.2.2 La distribution spectrale d’énergie des étoiles HAe.................... 14 1.3 Le débat sur la distribution spatiale de la matière circumstellaire .... 15 version 1.4 Observations des étoiles jeunes du visible jusqu’en millimétrique............. 16 1.5 Propriétés des disques autour des étoiles pré-séquence principale........... 17 1.5.1 Forme et structure....................................................................... 17 1.5.2 Température du disque................................................................. 18 1.5.3 Evolution des disques ................................................................. 18 1.5.4 Temps de vie du disque.............................................................. 20 tel-00142897, 1.5.5 Le grossissement des grains........................................................ 21 1.6 Questions et perspectives ....................................................................... 21 2 Observations en IR moyen des disques autour des étoiles HAe 23 2.1 Rayonnement thermique......................................................................... 24 2.2 Le spectre en IR moyen des étoiles HAe................................................ 25 2.2.1 Les Bandes IR non identifiées (UIB)............................................... 25 2.2.2 Les raies des silicates.................................................................... 26 2.3 Disque en infrarouge............................................................................... 27 2.3.1 La résolution angulaire................................................................. 27 2.3.2 Observations au sol en IR moyen................................................ 29 3 Exploitation des données CAMIRAS 33 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 33 3.2 Observations .......................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Réduction de données................................................................. 35 3.2.2 Résultats ..................................................................................... 36 3 Disques protoplanétaires en IR moyen Table des matières 3.3 Etat, des lieux avant les observations CAMIRAS..................................... 46 3.3.1 HD135344 ..................................................................................... 46 3.3.2 CQ Tau........................................................................................ 47 3.3.3 HD163296 ..................................................................................... 48 3.4 Modélisation .......................................................................................... 48 3.4.1 Disque de gaz............................................................................... 49 3.4.2 Description du modèle utilisé...................................................... 52 3.4.3 Comparaison modèle/observation................................................ 56 3.5 Limites du modèle.................................................................................. 66 3.5.1 Gaz physique............................................................................... 66 3.5.2 Boursouflure du rayon interne...................................................... 69 3.6 Conclusion................................................................................................ 71 4 Exploitation des données VISIR 73 4.1 VISIR (VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid InfraRed)........................ 73 2007 4.1.1 Sensibilité..................................................................................... 74 Apr 4.1.2 Techniques d’observation.............................................................. 75 23 4.1.3 Temps garanti VISIR.................................................................... 77 - 4.1.4 Observations IR avec VISIR........................................................ 79
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