DOCSLIB.ORG

Educated Youth Precarity and Protests in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Educated Youth Precarity and Protests in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia Children's Geographies ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cchg20 Lost futures? Educated youth precarity and protests in the Oromia region, Ethiopia Tatek Abebe To cite this article: Tatek Abebe (2020) Lost futures? Educated youth precarity and protests in the Oromia region, Ethiopia, Children's Geographies, 18:6, 584-600, DOI: 10.1080/14733285.2020.1789560 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2020.1789560 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 03 Jul 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2668 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cchg20 CHILDREN’S GEOGRAPHIES 2020, VOL. 18, NO. 6, 584–600 https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2020.1789560 Lost futures? Educated youth precarity and protests in the Oromia region, Ethiopia Tatek Abebe Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores the connections Received 5 October 2019 between young people’s livelihoods, education and visions of the future Accepted 16 June 2020 in Ethiopia. It engages with educated youth’s narratives of precarity, KEYWORDS dispossession, and ‘intimate exclusions,’ discussing how development Youth protests; waithood; has impacted rural livelihoods. Educated youth protests in the Oromia land-grabbing; educated region reveal how shortages of farmland and education play crucial unemployment; rural futures; roles in the conflict about sovereignty and development. Qeerroo Ethiopia (Oromo youth) are particularly active in the protests because they are excluded from a rural future through land grabbing and population growth as well as from a modernist development future that unequally distributes the fruits of economic growth. By politicizing educated unemployment and landlessness and connecting them to neoliberal capitalism, this article analyses the intentions of the Ethiopian state to ‘save’ its youth through economic development while youths claim to ‘lose’ their futures to generate grassroots politics. The article also draws analytical attention to why there is a need to rethink concepts like development, waithood, and rural futures. 1. Introduction Oromia belongs to us. We were born, grew up, had children, died and buried here. We have nowhere else to go and we will never leave. Woyane’s oppression [referring to the ruling elite led by Tigray People Liberation Front of northern Ethiopia], the barrels of their guns, their bullets, imprisonment and death will never weaken our struggle. We will never rest until we retaliate for murder of our youth, our students, for murder of Laggasa Wagi [commander of Oromo Liberation Army]. If we fail to do this, let the bones of our martyrs become thorns on our body. Let the blood of our children flood us. We take this oath in the name of the blood and bones of our youth, our children, our students; the blood of our teachers, our doctors, our farmers; the blood of Laggasa Wagi, Eebisa Adunya [a young musician who was allegedly murdered for playing ‘political’ songs]. We solemnly swear to stand with qeerroo with all our possessions, energy, and weapons. We will take down Woyane’s statues and replace them with statues of our children, our fighters, our students, and our teachers. (fieldnote, April 2017) Thousands of youths chanted this after the funeral of two young men who were killed during a pro- test in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. These protestors are not only at the heart of the struggle for regime change but – when seen in connection with land grabbing and educated unemployment that this article engages with – their stories also displace dominant narratives of national development. The excerpt demonstrates interconnected processes of displacement, death, imprisonment, CONTACT Tatek Abebe [email protected] © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. CHILDREN’S GEOGRAPHIES 585 oppression as well as lack of political freedom and democracy. It also demonstrates criticism on the government’s policy on land, which is a key source of contestation among youths. The right to retain agricultural land has been at the core of the widespread youth protests in the Oromia region – the most populous federal region accounting for about one-third of Ethiopia’s 105 million inhabitants (Aynalem Adugna 2017). Qeerroo, an Oromo term that means ‘youth,’ engage in ongoing activism for social and political justice. Qeerroo also means ‘populace for change,’ a grassroots organization for ‘revolution from within.’ The Oromia protestors are largely educated youth with rural backgrounds. They are known as ‘qubee generation’ (dhaloota qubee) because they are the first generation to have had sub- stantial access to university education after having been schooled using the vernacular qubee (the written language of Oromo people), which was introduced into formal education in 1992. The term qubee generation is common in protest songs, but it has also permeated mainstream political discourses. Many youth protestors identify themselves to be part of the qubee generation. Contrary to other uprisings (e.g. the Arab Spring in North Africa), a unique feature of the ‘Ethiopian spring’ is that it stemmed from the countryside where the question of land has never been more crucial. Qeer- roo movement initially occurred in rural localities of the Oromia region and gradually spread throughout the country, where young Ethiopians protested consistently between 2015 and 2018. These ‘years of protests’ led the Ethiopian government to declare two states of emergencies, followed by resignation of the prime minister. Commentators on Ethiopian politics suggest that the youth revolution – despite the risk it holds for further conflict – may be transformational (Lefort 2016a). In this article, I explore the connections between educated youth protests, land and the ‘future’ in the Oromia region, Ethiopia. Drawing on youth’s diverse experiences of ‘waithood’ (Honwana 2013), I explore how forces of history and political economy – linked to land grabbing and educated unem- ployment – heighten young people’s experiences of uncertain futures. I examine youth’s struggle to retain agricultural land against the backdrop of educated unemployment in which alternative futures are either untenable or fading away. I argue that waithood endured by Oromo youth is predicated on, and entwines with, uneven geographies of development that engenders precarious life for them. By politicizing educated unemployment and landlessness and connecting them to neoliberal capitalism, I discuss how the intention of Ethiopian state to ‘save ’ its youth through economic development may have failed, and how youth themselves claim to ‘lose’ their futures to generate new state politics. Fur- thermore, I also argue that whereas lack of jobs and dispossession of rural land heighten Oromo youth’s sense of displacement from the future, their experiences of waiting are far from unitary. 2. Research context and approach 2.1. Questions of land in the Oromia region Oromia Regional State is the largest of Ethiopia’s nine federal regions. Its inhabitants – ethnic Oromo people – account for 35% of the country’s population (Aynalem Adugna 2017). Oromo people inhabit lands surrounding Addis Ababa and west, central, and south Ethiopia. Mass protests in the region broke out after primary school students in Ginchii town (60 kms west of Addis Ababa) contested the Addis Ababa Integrated Development Plan. They believed this plan for the expansion of the city endangers peasants’ livelihoods. They also contested that, as a federal state, Oromia regional state should be autonomous to administer its land without heavy-handed interference of the central government. Due to its proximity to Addis Ababa, land in Oromia region is, ‘a fresh pie, and everybody wants a piece’ (youth participant). Land grabbing by the government has been rampant in Oromia zones adjacent to Addis Ababa. Because of rapid urbanization, there has been a continuous encroachment of the city boundary over Oromia region where land for establishment of industrial parks and real-estate development targeting middle-class residents are in high demand. Both local and international investors participate in large-scale land grab deals. Leasing rural land to attract foreign direct investment and for commercial farming also comes at the expense of peasant 586 T. ABEBE agriculture (Lavers 2012; The Oakland Institute 2016). Youth contest such revanchist policy as well as the legal mechanisms designed to back a capitalist system of accumulation by displacing peasants (see Harvey 2004). They claim that due to agri-investments, small-scale agriculture – the basic means of subsistence for rural communities – suffers. The process of dispossession of land has also ‘created the conditions for a workforce dependent upon the sale of their labour power in return for a wage in the market’ (Bakker, 2007: 544). In addition to land rights, the youth protests are related to broader questions of corruption, inequality, lack of political freedom as well as the right to self-rule (Merera Gudina 2016). In the past decade, there have been growing tensions between Oromia regional state and the federal gov- ernment over the right to Addis Ababa city. Although the administrative seat for Oromia Regional State is presently Addis Ababa, which is also the federal capital; its seat was relocated to the town of Adama in 2007. This decision was seen as an act of denying Oromo people’s right to their city (see Section 4.2).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oromia Region Administrative Map(As of 27 March 2013)
    ETHIOPIA: Oromia Region Administrative Map (as of 27 March 2013) Amhara Gundo Meskel ! Amuru Dera Kelo ! Agemsa BENISHANGUL ! Jangir Ibantu ! ! Filikilik Hidabu GUMUZ Kiremu ! ! Wara AMHARA Haro ! Obera Jarte Gosha Dire ! ! Abote ! Tsiyon Jars!o ! Ejere Limu Ayana ! Kiremu Alibo ! Jardega Hose Tulu Miki Haro ! ! Kokofe Ababo Mana Mendi ! Gebre ! Gida ! Guracha ! ! Degem AFAR ! Gelila SomHbo oro Abay ! ! Sibu Kiltu Kewo Kere ! Biriti Degem DIRE DAWA Ayana ! ! Fiche Benguwa Chomen Dobi Abuna Ali ! K! ara ! Kuyu Debre Tsige ! Toba Guduru Dedu ! Doro ! ! Achane G/Be!ret Minare Debre ! Mendida Shambu Daleti ! Libanos Weberi Abe Chulute! Jemo ! Abichuna Kombolcha West Limu Hor!o ! Meta Yaya Gota Dongoro Kombolcha Ginde Kachisi Lefo ! Muke Turi Melka Chinaksen ! Gne'a ! N!ejo Fincha!-a Kembolcha R!obi ! Adda Gulele Rafu Jarso ! ! ! Wuchale ! Nopa ! Beret Mekoda Muger ! ! Wellega Nejo ! Goro Kulubi ! ! Funyan Debeka Boji Shikute Berga Jida ! Kombolcha Kober Guto Guduru ! !Duber Water Kersa Haro Jarso ! ! Debra ! ! Bira Gudetu ! Bila Seyo Chobi Kembibit Gutu Che!lenko ! ! Welenkombi Gorfo ! ! Begi Jarso Dirmeji Gida Bila Jimma ! Ketket Mulo ! Kersa Maya Bila Gola ! ! ! Sheno ! Kobo Alem Kondole ! ! Bicho ! Deder Gursum Muklemi Hena Sibu ! Chancho Wenoda ! Mieso Doba Kurfa Maya Beg!i Deboko ! Rare Mida ! Goja Shino Inchini Sululta Aleltu Babile Jimma Mulo ! Meta Guliso Golo Sire Hunde! Deder Chele ! Tobi Lalo ! Mekenejo Bitile ! Kegn Aleltu ! Tulo ! Harawacha ! ! ! ! Rob G! obu Genete ! Ifata Jeldu Lafto Girawa ! Gawo Inango ! Sendafa Mieso Hirna
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative Region, Zone and Woreda Map of Oromia a M Tigray a Afar M H U Amhara a Uz N M
    35°0'0"E 40°0'0"E Administrative Region, Zone and Woreda Map of Oromia A m Tigray A Afar m h u Amhara a uz N m Dera u N u u G " / m r B u l t Dire Dawa " r a e 0 g G n Hareri 0 ' r u u Addis Ababa ' n i H a 0 Gambela m s Somali 0 ° b a K Oromia Ü a I ° o A Hidabu 0 u Wara o r a n SNNPR 0 h a b s o a 1 u r Abote r z 1 d Jarte a Jarso a b s a b i m J i i L i b K Jardega e r L S u G i g n o G A a e m e r b r a u / K e t m uyu D b e n i u l u o Abay B M G i Ginde e a r n L e o e D l o Chomen e M K Beret a a Abe r s Chinaksen B H e t h Yaya Abichuna Gne'a r a c Nejo Dongoro t u Kombolcha a o Gulele R W Gudetu Kondole b Jimma Genete ru J u Adda a a Boji Dirmeji a d o Jida Goro Gutu i Jarso t Gu J o Kembibit b a g B d e Berga l Kersa Bila Seyo e i l t S d D e a i l u u r b Gursum G i e M Haro Maya B b u B o Boji Chekorsa a l d Lalo Asabi g Jimma Rare Mida M Aleltu a D G e e i o u e u Kurfa Chele t r i r Mieso m s Kegn r Gobu Seyo Ifata A f o F a S Ayira Guliso e Tulo b u S e G j a e i S n Gawo Kebe h i a r a Bako F o d G a l e i r y E l i Ambo i Chiro Zuria r Wayu e e e i l d Gaji Tibe d lm a a s Diga e Toke n Jimma Horo Zuria s e Dale Wabera n a w Tuka B Haru h e N Gimbichu t Kutaye e Yubdo W B Chwaka C a Goba Koricha a Leka a Gidami Boneya Boshe D M A Dale Sadi l Gemechis J I e Sayo Nole Dulecha lu k Nole Kaba i Tikur Alem o l D Lalo Kile Wama Hagalo o b r Yama Logi Welel Akaki a a a Enchini i Dawo ' b Meko n Gena e U Anchar a Midega Tola h a G Dabo a t t M Babile o Jimma Nunu c W e H l d m i K S i s a Kersana o f Hana Arjo D n Becho A o t
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa City Structure Plan
    Addis Ababa City Structure Plan DRAFT FINAL SUMMARY REPORT (2017-2027) AACPPO Table of Content Part I Introduction 1-31 1.1 The Addis Ababa City Development Plan (2002-2012) in Retrospect 2 1.2 The National Urban System 1.2 .1 The State of Urbanization and Urban System 4 1.2 .2 The Proposed National Urban System 6 1.3 The New Planning Approach 1.3.1 The Planning Framework 10 1.3.2 The Planning Organization 11 1.3.3 The Legal framework 14 1.4 Governance and Finance 1.4.1 Governance 17 1.4.2 Urban Governance Options and Models 19 1.4.3 Proposal 22 1.4.4 Finance 24 Part II The Structure Plan 32-207 1. Land Use 1.1 Existing Land Use 33 1.2 The Concept 36 1.3 The Proposal 42 2. Centres 2.1 Existing Situation 50 2.2 Hierarchical Organization of Centres 55 2.3 Major Premises and Principles 57 2.4 Proposals 59 2.5 Local development Plans for centres 73 3. Transport and the Road Network 3.1 Existing Situation 79 3.2 New Paradigm for Streets and Mobility 87 3.3 Proposals 89 4. Social Services 4.1 Existing Situation 99 4.2 Major Principles 101 4.3 Proposals 102 i 5. Municipal Services 5.1 Existing Situation 105 5.2 Main Principles and Considerations 107 5.3 Proposals 107 6. Housing 6.1 Housing Demand 110 6.2 Guiding Principles, Goals and Strategies 111 6.3 Housing Typologies and Land Requirement 118 6.4 Housing Finance 120 6.5 Microeconomic Implications 121 6.6 Institutional Arrangement and Regulatory Intervention 122 6.7 Phasing 122 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Aflatoxin Analysis of Dairy Feeds and Milk in the Greater Addis Ababa Milk Shed, Ethiopia
    Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the Greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethiopia Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace Consultative workshop on milk quality Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 25-26 June 2015 Aflatoxins • Toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi • Contaminate a variety of foods such as corn, oil seed and animal feed • One of the most toxic forms of aflatoxin (AFB1) is converted to AFM1 and excreted in milk by lactating animals that consume contaminated feed • Highly carcinogenic; cause liver cancer, stunting and immunosuppression Aspergillus flavus (Maize breeding program at Texas A&M University) Effect of aflatoxins on human health AFB1 is potent carcinogen. It can cause liver cancer Liver of a rat fed with high doses of aflatoxin B1 Notice the induced tumours in the liver (http://www.ansci.cornell.edu) Aflatoxin Regulatory Guidance EU 0.05 ppb 4 ppb Study locations: the greater Addis Ababa milk shed • Includes Addis Ababa, Debre Zeit, Sebeta, Sululta Sendafa and Sululta Sebeta • It serves as a major Debre Zeit supplier in and around Addis Ababa • The sector is commercial and uses concentrate feeding IDDELS (http://www.ideels.uni-bremen.de/highlands.html) Feed analysis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Study methods • Study participants: • 100 dairy farmers • 27 from Addis Ababa, 23 from Debre Zeit, 9 from Sebeta, 31 from Sendafa and 10 from Sululta • 5 feed producers • 5 feed processors • 9 feed traders • A semi-structured questionnaire
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction the Relationship Between Women's Work And
    The Effect of Women’s Employment on Marriage Formation: The case of rural women in Sebeta Hawas District, Central Ethiopia. (Aynalem Megersa1, Workneh Negatu2, and Eshetu Gurmu3) 1. Introduction The relationship between women’s work and marriage is a widely studied issue. However, much of the literature focuses on the experiences of women in the western countries (see Kuo & Raley, 2014; Lichter et al., 1992), and is in some cases a comparative cross national research in its nature (Ono, 2003). Case studies from developing countries, especially Sub Saharan Africa, tend to be scanty in the body of literature. This little attention is primarily attributed to the fact that women’s employment in the region is related to subsistence agriculture where women primarily engage in unpaid family work in addition to their homemaking responsibilities. Though this pattern is still a fact, women are increasingly improving their market share in the income-earning employment (self-employment and wage employment) over time. For example, looking at the national statistics for Ethiopia (FDRE, 2005; CSA, 2011b), while only 26.8 percent of women were engaged in income-earning activities in 1994, this figure has increased to 59.6 percent in 2007. The statistics also shows that the increasing trend of women’s participation during the aforementioned period is attributed to the tremendous increase observed in the figure among rural women than urban women. This increasing women’s participation in income earning activities is attributed to the Ethiopian government’s increasing attention on job creation for the citizens in general and women in particular in its effort to alleviate poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Findings
    e-ifc No. 53, June 2018 Research Findings Photo 1. Teff pot experiment at the Center for Fertilization and Plant Nutrition (CFPN), Gilat, Israel. Photo by the authors. Response of Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] to Potassium Fertilizer Application in Four Districts of North Shewa, Ethiopia Gebrehawariyat, F.M.(1)*, W. Haile(1), T. Mamo(1), I. Zipori(2), and E. Sokolowski(3) Abstract Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is a cereal crop species The objectives of the present study were to examine teff response unique to Ethiopia, where it is an important staple crop. It is to rising K application rates on Vertisols in four regions in the grown on more than 3 million ha of land. In recent decades, soil Ethiopian Central Highlands: Sululta, Mulu, Bereh, and Moretena fertility has significantly declined in Ethiopia. While nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are traditionally applied by teff growers, potassium (K) has been ignored due to the perceived notion that (1)College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. soils in Ethiopia provide all K requirements. However, recent (2)Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Gilat Research Center, Negev, Israel (3)IPI Coordinator sub-Saharan Africa/Ethiopia, International Potash Institute (IPI), studies have led to opposite conclusions. Teff K requirements, and Zug, Switzerland its response to K application, have seldom been addressed. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 3/48 e-ifc No. 53, June 2018 Jiru. Potassium was applied at rates of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg Teff has a number of particular features, which make it a preferred –1 –1 K2O ha along with urea + NPSZn blend applied at 64 kg N ha crop among farmers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legal Aspects of Deforestation Case Study on Finfinne Forest Enterprise
    THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF DEFORESTATION CASE STUDY ON FINFINNE FOREST ENTERPRISE By:- Dandena G/Micheal July 2008 Addis Abeba- Ethiopia THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF DEFORESTATION CASE STUDY ON FINFINNE FOREST ENTERPRISE By: - Dandena G/Michael Advisor: - Ms Elise G. Nalbandian Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelors Degree of Law (LLB) at the Faculty of Law St. Mary’s University College. July 2008 Addis Abeba- Ethiopia Acknowledgement In the first place, I thanks to my God who helps me from the starting of the course up to the final of this paper. On the writing of this paper, I would like to thanks Ms Elise G. Nalbandian my thesis advisor, who has been of invaluable to me starting from my thesis proposal to its final. I will never forget her friendly welcome to all my problems despite her hectic programs. On the other hand the time I have been working under her supervision was special for me, because writing this thesis under her guidance was one of the greatest opportunities I ever had. I wish to thank Ato Birhanu Mengesha, for producing necessary documents. Fortunately I wish to thank the employees of Bereh district court, especially Ato Teklu Tullu for producing data of court decisions and necessary documents. I am also thanks Sululta district judges, archives workers, public prosecutor’s office, peasant association leaders and branch managers of Finfinne Forest Enterprise for their welcoming for my interviews. Fast service of the St. Mary’s University College librarians, I would like to thank them for pleasurable support in getting related literatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report International Organization for Migration Special Liaison Office (IOM SLO) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    2015Annual Report International Organization for Migration Special Liaison Office (IOM SLO) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia IOM OIM IOM PRESENCE In EthIOpIA IOM Presence in Ethiopia ETHIOPIA: Administrative Map (as of 14 January 2011) R ShireERITREA E Legend Tahtay Erob Laelay Adiyabo Mereb Ahferom Gulomekeda \\( Adiyabo Leke D National Capital Ganta Medebay Dalul North Adwa Afeshum Saesie Tahtay Zana Laelay Tsaedaemba Kafta Western Maychew PP Koraro Central Humera Asgede Tahtay Eastern Regional Capital Naeder Werei Hawzen Western Tsimbila Maychew Adet Leke Koneba Berahle Welkait Kelete Atsbi S Tigray Awelallo Wenberta International Boundary Tselemti Kola Degua Tsegede Mekele E Temben Temben P Addi Tselemt Tanqua Afdera Zone 2 Enderta Arekay Abergele Regional Boundary Tsegede Beyeda Ab Ala Mirab Saharti A Armacho Debark Samre Hintalo Erebti Abergele Wejirat Tach Megale Bidu Zonal Boundary Armacho Dabat Janamora Alaje Lay Sahla North Armacho Wegera Southern Ziquala Woreda Boundary Metema Gonder Sekota Endamehoni Raya Wag Azebo Chilga Yalo Amhara East Ofla Teru West Belesa Himra Kurri Gonder Dehana Belesa Lake Dembia Zuria Gaz Alamata Zone 4 Quara Gibla Semera Elidar Takusa Libo Ebenat Gulina Kemkem Bugna Lasta Kobo Awra Afar Gidan Lake Tana South (Ayna) 0 50 100 200 km Ewa Alfa Fogera Gonder North ¹ Lay Zone 1 Farta Meket Guba Lafto Dubti Gayint Asayta Semen Wollo P Jawi Achefer Tach Habru Chifra Bahr Dar East Wadla Delanta G U L F O F A D E N P Gayint Aysaita Creation date:14 Jan.2011 Dera Esite Bahirdar Ambasel Map Doc Name:21_ADM_000_ETH_011411_A0
    [Show full text]
  • And Report on Trainings in Participatory 3-Dimensional Modelling at Dinsho in Bale, Holeta in Suba-Sebeta and Masha in Sheka, Ethiopia
    Proceedings from International Conference: Participatory Mapping for Sustainable Life & Report on Trainings in Participatory 3-Dimensional Modeling MELCA-Ethiopia November 2010 Proceedings from International Conference on Participatory Mapping for Sustainable Life Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Report on Trainings in Participatory 3-Dimensional Modelling at Dinsho in Bale, Holeta in Suba-Sebeta and Masha in Sheka, Ethiopia 1 MELCA-Ethiopia Acknowledgements MELCA-Ethiopia is grateful to Heinrich Böell Foundation and The Development Fund for funding and interest in promoting this work in participatory mapping and enabling us to host this International Conference. Our thanks also to Frankfurt Zoological Society, Farm Africa/Bale Eco-Region, African Biodiversity Network and The Gaia Foundation, for their valuable support to MELCA’s work. We would like to thank all participants at the International Conference on Participatory Mapping for Sustainable Life for sharing your experiences and views. And we are especially grateful to the following for their active involvement in participatory mapping, accompanied by MELCA-Ethiopia, and we hope to continue working closely with you: Wolmera ann Sebeta Awas woreda Community members, elders and school community; Wolmera Woreda Administration and Agriculture and Rural Development Office; Sebeta Awas Woreda and town Administration; Sheka Community members, elders and clan leaders; Sheka Zone Administration; Masha Woreda Administration; Masha High School; Bale Zone Administration; Dinsho Woreda Administration,
    [Show full text]
  • OROMIA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) - WASH Sector (As of 28 February 2013)
    OROMIA REGION : Who Does What Where (3W) - WASH Sector (as of 28 February 2013) Tigray Beneshangul Amhara Afar Amhara Gumu HEKS:k Christian Aid:k Afar Beneshangul Gumu Dire Dawa Addis Ababa Hareri Dera Amuru Gambela Oromia Ibantu CRS: Hidabu WVE: Plan Int.: CRS: Somali Gida k k WVE: CISP: SNNPR Kiremu Jarte Wara Abote Save the k ECS:k k Jarso Degem Mercy Corps: Haro East Jardega North Childern:k Horo Ababo Shewa(R4) Gerar Mana Kiltu Limu Wellega WVE: Abuna Jarso De! bre CARE: CRS: Sibu Kara Limu Guduru Kuyu WVE: Ginde Libanos Abichuna k ! Abe Horo Abay G/Beret Dire Dawa WVE: Yaya! West k k Beret Gne'a ECS: k Chinaksen Dongoro ! Wuchale Nejo ! Chomen ! Gulele Jarso ! Wellega Jimma Meta ! Haro ! Guduru ! Adda Goro Kombolcha Gudetu Jarso Guto Genete Robi Jida Maya ! Babo Boji Bila Kembibit Gutu Meta Kondole Boji Gida Berga ! Kersa ! Gursum ! Sululta Dirmeji Seyo Jeldu Mulo Doba Kurfa Jimma Aleltu ! Begi Chekorsa Deder Lalo Sasiga Gobu Rare Mida West Tulo Chele Harari CRS: CARE: Ayira ! Gawo Gimbi Ifata Mieso ! Asabi Seyo Kegn Shewa Ejere Bereh Kebe Guliso Bako Ambo (Addis Chiro WVE:k k Sibu Malka ! ECS: Gaji Wayu Tibe Cheliya Zuria Bedeno Fedis Jimma Dale Diga Sire Toke Dendi Alem) Addis Zuria ! Haru Tuka Gimbichu Mesela Balo Girawa Horo Wabera Yubdo Boneya Kutaye Goba Chwaka Leka ! Walmara WVE: WFeVntEal:e Gidami Lalo Save the Tikur ! k k Koricha Gemechis Dulecha Wama Boshe Ilu Ababa Yama Logi Dale Nole Sayo Dawo Alem ! Kile Childern:k Enchini Akaki Midega Babile CRS: Kelem Dabo Hagalo ! Ada'a ! Habro Welel Sadi South ! Kaba Nole Meko Dano
    [Show full text]
  • Oromo Protests’
    Country Information and Guidance Note Ethiopia: Oromos and the ‘Oromo Protests’ Version 1.0 December 2016 Preface This note provides country of origin information (COI) and policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the policy guidance contained with this note; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this note has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve our material. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this note, please email the Country Policy and Information Team.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of System Vulnerabilities in the Ethiopian Electric Power System
    Vol. 1 No. 3 Aug. 2018 Global Energy Interconnection DOI: 10.14171/j.2096-5117.gei.2018.03.007 www.geidco.org Full-length article Identification of system vulnerabilities in the Ethiopian electric power system Moges Alemu Tikuneh1, Getachew Biru Worku2 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia 2. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Addis Ababa University, AAiT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Abstract: The Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) has been operating and managing the national interconnected power system with dispersed and geographically isolated generators, a complex transmission system and loads. In recent years, with an increasing load demand due to rural electrification and industrialization, the Ethiopian power system has faced more frequent, widely spread and long lasting blackouts. To slash the occurrence of such incidents, identifying the system vulnerabilities is the first step in this direction. In this paper, the vulnerability assessment is performed using indices called active power performance index (PIp) and voltage performance index (PIv). These indices provide a direct means of comparing the relative severity of the different line outages on the system loads and voltage profiles. Accordingly, it is found that the most severe line outages are those lines that interconnect the high load centered (Addis Ababa and Central regions) with the rest of the regional power systems. In addition, the most vulnerable buses of the network in respect of voltage limit violations are mainly found at the high load centers. Keywords: Power grids, power systems, vulnerability assessment, transmission system. 1 Introduction the power system, and thereby the national grid system’s vulnerability is increased from time to time.
    [Show full text]