Message from JSPS President Prof. Motoyuki Ono

JSPS 2009-2010 Contents

Message from JSPS President, Prof. Motoyuki Ono Organization, JSPS’s Institutional Transition Budget

Support for Research Initiatives Ⅰ 1 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi)...... 4 2 HIRAMEKI ☆ TOKIMEKI SCIENCE (Welcome to a University Research Lab— Science That Inspires and Inspirits)...... 9 3 Program for Promoting Methodological Innovation in Humanities and Social Sciences by Cross-Disciplinary Fusing...... 10 Support for University Reform—Enhancing the Ⅱ Quality of University Research and Education 1 Global COE Program...... 11 2 Program for Enhancing Systematic Education in Graduate Schools...... 13 3 Program for Promoting University Education Reform...... 14 4 Project for Establishing Core Universities for Internationalization (“Global 30”)...... 15 5 World Premier International Research Center Initiative ...... 16 6 Program for Area Studies Based on Needs of Society...... 17 7 Program for Promoting Social Science Research Aimed at Solutions of Near-Future Problems...... 17 Fostering Next Generation of Researchers Ⅲ 1 Research Fellowships for Young Scientists...... 18 2 Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad...... 19 3 Program to Create an Independent Research Environment for Young Researchers...... 20 International Collaborations Ⅳ 1 International Collaborations...... 21 2 North/South American, European and Oceanian Countries ...... 23 3 Asian and African Countries...... 25 4 International Training Opportunities for Young Researchers...... 30 5 Fellowships for Overseas Researchers...... 32 6 International Scientific Meetings in Japan...... 35 Scientific Outreach Ⅴ 1 University-Industry Research Cooperation...... 36 2 Information Services...... 37 3 Donations...... 37 Research Center for Science Systems Ⅵ ...... 38 Awards of Recognition Ⅶ 1 International Prize for Biology...... 40 2 JSPS Prize...... 41

Appendix List of Programs...... 42 List of JSPS’s Overseas Counterpart Institutions...... 44 Map of JSPS Overseas Offices and Counterpart Institutions...... 46 Researchers Exchanged from 2006-2008...... 48 Researcher Exchanges by Region through JSPS Programs in 2008...... 51 Number of 2006-2008 Joint Research Projects and Seminars ...... 51 JSPS 2009-2010

Message from JSPS President Prof. Motoyuki Ono

Scientific research may be best defined as knowledge- generating endeavor freely undertaken by curiosity-driven researchers in a bold effort to challenge dimensions and realms yet-unexplored by humankind. Carried out over a wide spectrum of fields spanning the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences, such research can promote wholesome development while building an infrastructure for peace within human society.

Said to happen only once in a hundred years, a deep economic depression is sweeping across the global economy. In the past when we humans have faced difficulties such as a worldwide economic downspin, we have created the new knowledge and technology to make the breakthroughs needed to solve and overcome the problem.

The key to such success is knowledge creation, at the root of which is innovation that must be generated to also sustain and advance human society.

In times such as these, it is necessary to cultivate fertile fields of knowledge by providing steadfast support for basic research conducted from a long-term per- spective by primarily universities. Doing so while fostering talented young people capable of creating new genres of knowledge and wisdom will make possible the building of a vibrant knowledge infrastructure.

The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science has established a variety of funding systems to support research that advances science on a level of excellence anticipated to generate new knowledge assets and matrices.

More specifically, JSPS supports the knowledge-generating activities of researchers through a multifaceted program built upon four main pillars: Grants-in-Aid to advance creative, leading-edge research across the spectrum of scientific and academic fields; doctoral and postdoctoral fellowship programs designed to foster and secure excellent young researchers; international scientific exchanges that advance cutting-edge research in partnership with overseas science-promotion agencies; and support for university reform, including the building of top world- level research hubs within them.

JSPS is fully committed to supporting researchers in such ways as to strengthen their basic research skills and abilities while building a research environment conducive to exploiting those capacities in advancing science. As we go about undertaking JSPS’s mission as a frontrunner in promoting basic research that solidifies the bedrock upon which Japan can grow and thrive as a nation, we will continue to work to earn the trust and confidence of the scientific community and individual researchers both at home and abroad.

In these pursuits, I ask for your greatly appreciated support and cooperation.

1 JSPS 2009-2010 Organization

President Advisory Council

Research Center for Science Systems Motoyuki Ono Director Academic Advisory Board Inspector Generals Executive Directors Chairman Hiroyuki Yoshikawa

Academic Advisors Hiromitsu Ishi Makoto Yoneo Ishii Kobayashi Akira Tonomura Kumao Toyoshima Katsumi Michihisa Makoto Naoki Deputy Deputy Tsuneo Nakahara Aida Kyoto Kobayashi Murata Director Director Ryoji Noyori Motonori Hoshi Managing Director

Michio Motoya Muramatsu Katsuki

Kazuo Deputy Senior Miyajima Director Advisor

Administration International Program Research Program Department Department Department

Toshio Shiro Kuroki Ishii

18 Senior Program Officers Director: Haruo Minatoya Director: Mami Oyama Director: Junpei Watanabe 93 Program Officers Head: Hideyuki Yamaguchi Research Cooperation Deputy Director: Division Ⅰ Managing Director: Koji Ueda Keisuke Otani Head: Hiromi Kawamura As of October 2009

Research Cooperation Deputy Director: General Affairs Division Osamu Matsutani Head: Koji Ueda Division Ⅱ Head: Takayuki Kato University-industry Policy Planning, Overseas Fellowship Cooperation and Information and Division Research Program Head: Hisashi Kato Systems Division Division Head: Tomoyuki Sakaba Head: Kimihiro Nagasawa Asian Program Division Head: Akie Hoshino Budget Division Research Aid Division Ⅰ Head: Kenji Onezawa Head: Kazuhisa Okamoto Overseas Training Program Division Accounting Division Head: Kojiro Kakimoto Research Aid Division Ⅱ Head: Hiroshi Yagisawa Head: Kazuhiko Nishiyama JSPS Fellow Plaza Research Fellowship Director: Mami Oyama Special Research Funds Division Management Division Head: Isao Oshiro Head: Hisashi Norose

Washington, DC San Francisco Bonn JSPS Overseas Offices London Stockholm Strasbourg JSPS’s Institutional Transition Bangkok Beijing Cairo Nairobi December 1932: JSPS established as a foundation through an endowment of ¥1.5 million by the late Emperor Showa. September 1967: JSPS converted into a quasi-government organization. October 2003: JSPS converted into an independent administrative institution. 2 JSPS 2009-2010 Budget

JSPS’s budget for the 2009 fiscal year totals ¥249.0 billion. This amount is divided into direct funding of ¥158.1 billion and indirect funding of ¥90.9 billion. The indirect funds are provided in MEXT’s budget for program selection and assessment functions performed by JSPS. The chart below gives a breakdown of the main items of the budget, which is 99.8% subsidized by the Japanese government.

Budget Transition FY2005-2009

(Unit: billion yen) 260 249.0 240.6 240 222.6

220 203.8 205.7 90.9 200 83.5 62.9 Indirect funding 180 67.8 Global COE Program, etc. 72.8 158.1 160 159.7 157.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 Direct funding for Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 140 137.9 Government subsidies for JSPS 131.0 0.2 0.2 120 as an Independent Administrative Institution Private contributions, etc. 100 129.7 126.7 127.8 80 107.9 100.8

20 29.7 29.4 29.0 28.9 28.7 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (FY)

FY2009 Budget by Program （Unit: billion yen）

Direct funding Indirect funding Government subsidies for JSPS as an Independent Global COE Program, etc. 39.7 28.7 Administrative Institution Program for Promoting University Education 6.9 Research fellowships for young scientists 18.7 Programs for Promoting the Establishment of 7.0 International scientific cooperation programs 8.0 International Research Centers Research application programs 0.2 Project for Establishing Core Universities for 3.7 Research Center for Science Systems 0.7 Internationalization General administration 1.1 Commissioned S&T Research 0.2 For Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 127.8 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 33.4 For Global COE Program, etc. 0.6 Total 90.9 From private contributions 0.1 From university-industry research 0.3 Grand Total 249.0 From commissioned programs 0.6 Total 158.1

3 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives 1 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi)

Purpose More than 40% of Japan’s competitive funding is provided by way of this program. To contribute to scientific advancement in Japan, this program provides grants to support a high caliber of research across the entire spectrum of academic fields. These grants are awarded to researchers at Japanese universities and research institutions who are conducting basic research and have submitted highly creative, leading-edge research plans.

Features Transition in Competitive Funding versus Grants support research plans crafted upon the free Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research ideas of the researchers.

Total Competitive Funding Grants-in-Aid ¥ billion 491.3 500 476.6 481.3 Application screening conducted through a peer- 467.2 470.1 review process. 450

400 As little restriction as possible is placed on the use 360.6 of grant funds. 350

300

250

189.5 191.3 193.2 197.0 200 183.0 188.0

150

100

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (FY)

Position of Grants-in-Aid within Government’s Research Framework

Led by the government Based on researchers’ creative ideas [Mission-oriented research] [Curiosity-driven research]

Promotion of research for Set in advance Implementation of national projects specified purposes at inter-university led by the government research institutes and university- established institutes, etc.

Promotion of research by Announcement, screening Implementation of open-type [Competitive research funding] research for purposes set independently Grants-in-Aid for Scientific by each ministry Research

Promotion of research by providing Creative ideas of researchers basic expenses

4 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

FY2008 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research by Research Field (percentage based on amount of funding)

Others Support for University Reform 1.7%

Humanities 4.8%

Social Sciences 7.1% Biology 16.9% Mathematics Others and Physics

5.6% of Researchers Fostering Next Generation 1.7% Humanities Environment, Natural Pharmacology and Social Disasters and Energy Sciences 1.7% Sciences 3.8% 11.9% Brain and Neurological Sciences Earth and 4.1% Space Sciences Bioscience 5.4% Dentistry 45.5% 2.5% Science and Engineering 40.9% International Collaborations

Adult-onset and Infectious Diseases, Material Sciences and Other Disorders 13.4% 12.6%

Hard-to-cure Diseases, including Cancer and AIDS Structural 7.7% and Functional Engineering 6.0% Information Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Scientific Outreach 6.8%

FY2008 Grant Distribution by Top 20 Institutions

Institutions No. of grants Amount disbursed 1 The University of Tokyo 2,896 ¥21,324,484,000 Science Systems Research Center for 2 Kyoto University 2,304 14,402,582,000 3 Tohoku University 1,952 11,074,460,000 4 Osaka University 1,941 10,358,554,000 5 Kyushu University 1,396 5,728,173,000 6 Nagoya University 1,351 6,513,915,000 7 Hokkaido University 1,310 6,175,905,000 Awards of Recognition 8 University of Tsukuba 911 3,167,157,000 9 Hiroshima University 811 2,623,194,000 10 Kobe University 751 2,716,385,000 11 Tokyo Institute of Technology 701 4,906,797,000 12 Keio University 671 2,476,217,000 13 RIKEN 630 3,885,192,000 14 Chiba University 606 1,843,423,000 15 Okayama University 606 2,022,295,000 16 Waseda University 572 2,154,972,000 Appendix 17 Kanazawa University 537 1,568,147,000 18 Kumamoto University 446 1,536,823,000 19 Niigata University 428 1,128,825,000 20 Tokyo Medical and Dental University 405 1,825,129,000

5 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives Grant Categories Various grant categories are provided based on the objective and nature of the research. Grant administration under these categories is currently divided between the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and JSPS. In the future, all administrative functions will be transferred to JSPS. From FY 2009, the grant category title “Exploratory Research” has been changed to “Challenging Exploratory Research” as emphasis will be placed on supporting highly innovative, challenging research. Research supported under this grant program enjoys high international appraisal and is expected to yield markedly exceptional results.

Status FY2008 Function Categories Objective Applied Selected Select Award Internationally appraised research expected to produce outstanding results Specially Promoted • 3-5 years 114 19 J M Research • 500 million yen or more per project Highly responsive research on issues of urgent societal needs that require Scientific Research global collaboration 5,999 1,481 M M on Priority Areas • 3-6 years • 20-600 million yen yearly per area (Research in a proposed research area) Joint research in new disciplines that contributes to elevating Japan’s scientific standard and fostering young researchers. 2,153 198 ・5 years Scientific Research ・10-300 million yen yearly per area M M on Innovative Areas (Research under a proposed research project) Innovative topical research with potential for scientific breakthroughs, without a guarantee of good results. 549 81 ・3 years ・10 million yen yearly S: Leading-edge research by a researcher or a small group of researchers • As a rule, 5 years • 50-200 million yen per project

Scientific Research Creative and pioneering research by a researcher or a group of researchers 47,646 10,359 J J • 3-5 years • A: 20-50 million yen per project • B: 5-20 million yen per project • C: Up to 5 million yen per project Research at an early stage with highly challenging goals based on unique Challenging concepts Exploratory 15,605 1,117 J J • 1-3 years Research • Up to 5 million yen per project Research carried out by individual researcher of up to age 42 805 39 J J • S: 5 years, 30-100 million yen per project Research carried out by individual researcher of up to age 39 • 2-4 years Grant-in-Aid for 19,752 5,322 J M • A: 5-30 million yen per project Young Scientists • B: Up to 5 million yen per project Start-up research mainly conducted by a newly tenured researcher • 2 years 3,749 934 J J • Up to 1.5 million yen per year Research carried out by an employee of an educational or research Encouragement of institution or a corporation or any other individual 3,382 678 J J Scientists • 1 year • Up to 1 million yen Grant-in-Aid for Urgent and critical research subjects, experimental trials cocerning ------M M Special Purposes research aid Publication of Publishing scientific research results 136 49 M M Research Results Scientific Periodicals Publication of International academic journals 146 100 J J

Scientific Literature Books on research results 791 224 J J

Databases Compiling and networking databases 257 82 J J Specially Research on topics of societal significance conducted by designated private Designated ------M M research institutes Research Promotion Research by JSPS pre- and postdoctoral fellows Grant-in-Aid for (Japanese and overseas researchers) 2,896 2,896 J J JSPS Fellows • Up to 3 years To further advance selected components of highly creative research Creative Scientific conducted under Grants-in-Aid ------J J Research • 5 years

6 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Increasing in number year by year, 104,000 new applications This efficient system of screening a total of about 137,000 were received for FY2008 grants. JSPS generally processes new and carryover applications takes only four months from these applications under the following schedule: the submission deadline to selection. An electronic system Call for applications: September has been installed to streamline the process even further. Application deadline: mid-November Support for University Reform Screening: January to March Notification of the selection results: April

Number of Proposals Points of Program Enhancement

Examiner Selection of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Proposals submitted

Proposals selected (1) Reforming the examiner selection system

New proposals submitted Departing from the past system of receiving examiner recommendations from the Science New proposals selected Council of Japan, a new and fairer procedure has 137,000 been put in place whereby a database of potential 140,000 133,000 132,000 examiners is established and candidates selected International Collaborations from it by program officers of JSPS’s Research Center for Science Systems. 120,000 (2) Increasing the number of examiners The number of examiners has been increased to 104,000 reduce the burden on individual examiners and 102,000 99,000 improve screening performance. 100,000 (3) Strengthening measures to prevent conflicts of interest

Measures have been added to exclude examiners Scientific Outreach

80,000 who have or are feared to have conflicts of interest, such as either a close or antagonistic relationship with an applicant, from screening that application.

60,000 Grant Usage

56,000 57,000 55,000 (1) Grant carryover procedure Science Systems Research Center for 40,000 Steps have been taken to help researchers make flexible use of grants and to take advantage of a new system for carrying over unused grant money into 24,000 24,000 24,000 the next fiscal year. 20,000 (2) Grant auditing The university’s accounting department is tasked with responsibility for administering the use of

grants issued to individual researchers. To assure Awards of Recognition 0 that these funds are used properly, a new internal 2006 2007 2008 (FY) auditing requirement has been added. (3) Preventing grant misuse Penalties for researchers who misuse grant Selection Ratios of New Proposals funds have been strengthen to include temporary disqualification from further grant application. 2006 2007 2008 Appendix 23.5% 24.3% 22.7%

Budget Website FY2009: ¥197 billion http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-grantsinaid/index.html

7 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives Selection and Assessment Process

JSPS’s screening process begins with a document review is posted on the homepage of the National Institute of of the applications, followed by a panel review based on Informatics (NII). the document review results. If requested, unsuccessful applicants are provided their approximate ranking vis-à-vis From FY 2008, a special award of recognition has been the screening results. given to application examiners who provide valuable comments in the first-stage document review. In the first Document reviews are carried out by 4,500 researchers and year, 29 examiners were selected for the award. panel reviews by 900. They are chosen from a JSPS database through a process conducted fairly and impartially by the Annual grant-expenditure reports are databased and posted on program officers of JSPS’s Research Center for Science NII’s homepage for public access. Project-completion reports Systems. The names of the examiners are released after the are also posted on NII’s database, starting with projects ending selection process is completed. A list of selected projects in FY 2008.

Procedural Flows from Application Screening through Project Assessment

Example of moderately funded programs Example of largely funded programs

Scientific Research (B) Specially Promoted Research ¥5-20 million ¥500 million or more per project 3-5 years 3-5 years

Call for Applications

Screening by JSPS’s Committee on Screening by JSPS’s Committee on Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Screening l Document review l Document review (first stage) l Hearing candidates selected l Panel review (second stage) l Hearing l Panel review

Start Research

Self-evaluation Self-evaluation Carried out at 3-year point of projects, with results posted on the Internet

Evaluation of Research Progress Evaluation of Carried out the year prior to project completion, with results used in the following assessment Research processes: Progress l Document reviews l Hearings l On-site inspections

Release of Scientific Research Results

l Summary report of achievements (annual) Evaluation by l Post-project report of results Academic ・Disseminated by National Institute of Informatics Societies l Researcher presentations at domestic and overseas academic societies l Application for intellectual property rights

8 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

HIRAMEKI ☆ TOKIMEKI SCIENCE 2 (Welcome to a University Research Lab— Science That Inspires and Inspirits) Support for University Reform Purpose Established in FY 2005, this program offers opportunities for school children to better understand the meaning of science and its role in their daily lives by visiting and experiencing firsthand a university laboratory. During these visits, the results of research supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi) are described in easy-to-understand language. The aim of the program is to promote science study and ultimately to advance research by stimulating the intellectual curiosity of the young participants while cultivating in them a rich sense of creativity, along with a keen awareness of science’s cultural value and societal importance. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

Features Enhancing understanding of kakenhi research The program spans all fields of the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences, and is planned and implemented by national, public and private universities conducting kakenhi- International Collaborations funded research throughout Japan.

Giving hands-on experience to students During their visits, students participate in experiments, fieldwork and other hands-on activities.

Keio University Eligible participants Children using science to untie nature’s puzzling strings (Celebrating 10,000th Fifth and sixth grade elementary school, junior high school participant in the program) Scientific Outreach and high school students may participate in visits along with their parents and teachers.

Visits to Date

National Public Private Total Science Systems Research Center for Universities Institutions Visits Institutions Visits Institutions Visits Institutions Visits

FY2005 17 28 2 2 3 5 22 35 Hokkaido University Students learn about salmon as a gift from the sea FY2006 37 62 5 6 12 26 54 94 Awards of Recognition FY2007 35 54 7 11 36 47 78 112

FY2008 41 78 9 14 42 70 92 162

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/hirameki/ Appendix

Saga University Children making a path using local Ariake ceramic clay

9 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅰ Support for Research Initiatives Program for Promoting Methodological Innovation in 3 Humanities and Social Sciences by Cross-Disciplinary Fusing

Purpose A report titled “Promoting Humanities and Social Sciences,” issued by the Council for Science and Technology in January 2009, mandates the promotion of interdisciplinary joint research of a kind that overcomes the minute sub- partitioning of research fields, a problem that impacts Japanese research in the humanities and social sciences, while exponentially advancing research in these domains. Not bound by conventional fields of the humanities and social sciences (HSS), this program seeks to contribute to the development of new HSS disciplines by advancing joint research that fuses diverse fields, synergizing their various wellsprings of knowledge and methodology.

Features To advance HSS projects effectively, two types of research recruited research” category are selected based on proposals categories are established under this program. Under the made by the implementing researchers. first, titled “topic-setting research,” JSPS establishes research Under the “topic-setting research” category, the Program domains aligned with this program’s purposes and objectives, Committee selects the research domains and themes to be which it does by taking into account the views and advice advanced in consultation with program officers of JSPS’s of experts and specialists. Projects under the other “openly Research Center for Science Systems.

Categories Funding Research Period Projects adopted in FY 2009

Topic-setting research About ¥10 million per fiscal year 3 years in principle About 3 (Extension of 2 years possible Openly recruited research About ¥5 million per fiscal year based on project evaluation) About 4-5

Budget Website FY2009: ¥60 million http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-ibunya/

10 JSPS 2009-2010

Support for University Reform Ⅱ Enhancing the Quality of University Research and Education Initiatives Support for Research 1 Global COE Program

Purpose

The “Global COE Program” was established to improve upon and succeed the “21st Century COE Program,” initiated Support for University Reform by MEXT in FY 2002. While maintaining the basic concept of the former program, the Global COE Program works to further enhance and strengthen the education and research functions of graduate schools in Japan. Priority support is given to universities that are endeavoring to establish internationally excellent education/research centers that provide a world-class research infrastructure upon which to foster creative young people who can go on to become world leaders in their fields. Ultimately, the program works to strengthen the international competitiveness of Japanese universities. A Global COE Program Committee is established within JSPS, which screens grant applications and evaluates projects implemented under this program.

In addition to the above conditions: of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Features (5) In the case of COEs established under the “21st Century In FY 2007, 63 projects were selected to establish Global COE Program,” they should have already achieved their COEs in the following fields: life sciences; chemistry, material expected results under that program. sciences; information sciences, electrical and electronic (6) If a core university wishes to implement its COE program sciences; humanities; and interdisciplinary, combined fields, new in cooperation with other institutes (including domestic/ disciplines. In FY 2008, 68 projects were selected in the following foreign institutes), it must formulate a clear concept of its fields: medical sciences; mathematics, physics, earth sciences; own future development and of the proposed education/ International Collaborations mechanical, civil engineering, architectural and other fields of research center and show why cooperation with other engineering; social sciences; and interdisciplinary, combined institutes is necessary to realizing the concept. fields, new disciplines. In FY 2009, nine projects were selected in the area of interdisciplinary, combined fields, and new disciplines. Interim Evaluation An interim evaluation is carried out on projects at the 2-year To be selected for a grant under the Global COE Program, point of their implementation. Conducted by researchers with proposals for establishing an education and research hub within expertise and experience in the subject fields, these evaluations a university graduate department or a university-affiliated ascertain the degree of progress being made while rendering research institute must satisfy the following four requirements. advice on how the projects can improve operational effectiveness (1) The proposal should embody a future concept for and fully achieve their objective of establishing a center of Scientific Outreach developing the university reflecting its unique institutional excellence. They also assess the project’s potential to rise to character and be given powerful instruments for creating the level of an internationally excellent education and research an internationally excellent education and research center center. The results of the evaluation are used to determine the under the university president’s management. appropriate allocation of subsequent project funding. Interim (2) After the five years of funding ends, the university’s COE evaluations are carried through a process of document and panel should be able to continue operation as an internationally reviews. (Follow-up hearings and site investigations may also excellent education and research center. be conducted when deemed appropriate.) Projects that started in Science Systems Research Center for (3) The purpose of the program is not to compile research FY 2007 will be evaluated in FY 2009. projects. The program should build an education and research center that functions to foster highly creative Project duration: As a rule, five years young researchers. To do this, the center must conduct highly creative and vanguard research at the highest world Project funding: Up to approximately ¥50-300 million per year level. It should also have the potential for future expansion. (4) Programs particularly in the area of “Interdisciplinary, Budget combined fields, new disciplines” should incorporate strategies Awards of Recognition to innovate existing research sections or departments, such as FY 2009: ¥34.2 billion though organization and/or curriculum reform. Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-globalcoe/ Number of Selections

Grants: 63 Applications: 281 FY 2007 Chemistry, material sci- Information sciences, electrical and electronic Interdisciplinary, combined Appendix Life sciences: 13 Humanities: 12 ences: 13 sciences: 13 fields, new disciplines: 12 Grants: 68 Applications: 315 FY 2008 Mathematics, physics, Mechanical, civil engineering, architectural, Interdisciplinary, combined Medical sciences: 14 Social sciences: 14 earth sciences: 14 and other fields of engineering: 14 fields, new disciplines: 12 Grants: 9 Applications: 145 FY 2009 Interdisciplinary, combined fields, new disciplines: 9

11 JSPS 2009-2010

Support for University Reform Ⅱ Enhancing the Quality of University Research and Education FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 Information Mechanical civil Mathmatics, Chemistry, sciences, Interdisciplinary, engineering, Interdisciplinary, Interdisciplinary, Grand Types Universities Life Medical physics, Social material electrical and Humanities combined fields, Total architectural combined fields, Total combined fields, Total sciences sciences earth sciences sciences electronic new disciplines and other fields new disciplines new disciplines sciences sciences of engineering Hokkaido National 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 7 University Obihiro University of Agriculture National 1 1 1 & Veterinary Medicine National Tohoku University 1 2 1 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 7 12 Yamagata National 1 1 1 University University of National 1 1 1 Tsukuba National Gunma University 1 1 1 National Chiba University 1 1 2 2 The University of National 1 1 1 2 1 6 2 2 2 2 2 10 1 17 Tokyo Tokyo Medical and National 1 1 1 Dental University The University of National 1 1 1 Foreign Studies Tokyo Institute of National 1 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 1 9 Technology Ochanomizu National 1 1 1 University Hitotsubashi National 2 2 2 University Yokohama National National 1 1 1 1 2 University National Graduate National Institute for Policy 1 1 1 Studies University of National 1 1 1 Yamanashi National Shinshu University 1 1 1 National Nagoya University 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 7 Toyohashi National University of 1 1 1 Technology National Kyoto University 1 1 2 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 13 National Osaka University 1 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 12 National Kobe University 1 1 1 1 2 3 Nara Institute National of Science and 1 1 1 Technology National Tottori University 1 1 1 1 2 National Ehime University 1 1 1 1 2 National Kyushu University 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 Nagasaki National 1 1 1 1 2 University Kumamoto National 1 1 1 1 2 3 University University of Public 1 1 1 Shizuoka Osaka City Public 1 1 1 University Public University of Hyogo 1 1 1 Private Keio University 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 4 7 Tamagawa Private 1 1 1 University Tokyo Women's Private 1 1 Medical University Tokyo University of Private 1 1 1 Science Private Meiji University 1 1 1 Private Waseda University 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 3 1 8 Tokyo Polytechnic Private 1 1 1 University Ritsumeikan Private 1 1 2 1 1 3 University Private Kansai University 1 1 1 Private Kinki University 1 1 1 Total number of 13 13 13 12 12 63 14 14 14 14 12 68 9 140 projects Total Total number of 13 10 10 11 12 28 13 11 13 9 11 29 9 41 universities

12 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Program for Enhancing Systematic Education in 2 Graduate Schools

Purpose Support for University Reform Along with dramatic advances in science and technology, fields of knowledge are becoming increasingly atomized and research more and more specialized. New scientific domains are being created one after another and rapid advances are being made in technical innovation. Intensified by global competition, these trends engender an urgent need to cultivate people who, on one hand, have the specialized knowledge to understand and advance cutting-edge science while, on the other, have the ability to build wide bridges across specializations in applying scientific advances. To this end, it will be necessary to greatly strengthen education at Japan’s graduate schools, which play the central role in developing talented human resources. Under this program, human resources are not limited to researchers but include talented young people who will go on of Researchers Fostering Next Generation to play active roles as leaders in the industrial and other sectors of society. Priority support is given to highly effective, systematic initiatives directed at improving education in master’s and doctoral programs at Japanese university graduate schools. Such initiatives are expected to dramatically enhance course curriculum development while promoting internationalization, hence, improving graduate education quality. Program funding is carried by MEXT, with JSPS conducting application screening and grantee selection. International Collaborations Features Eligible fields All fields, grouped in three categories: (1) Humanities and Strengthening the function of graduate education social sciences, (2) science, engineering and agriculture, and This is accomplished by clearly defining the objectives of (3) medical sciences each graduate course, and organizing and implementing a systematic educational program that leads along the Screening criteria path of those objectives to acquiring a postgraduate (1) Clear description of how the project will foster talented degree. Concurrently, the program promotes university human resources, work to institutionally strengthen grad- internationalization. Education programs are institutionally uate education, and promote internationalization within Scientific Outreach strengthened in such a way as to make the management of the university. their operations more effective and transparent. (2) Creation of an educational program that will be of refer- ence to other universities in such respects as course work Fostering talented people who will go on to play active to develop student capability to use specialized knowl- roles in a wide cross-section of societal sectors edge, including with application to interdisciplinary Initiatives are taken to strengthen the graduate schools’ fields, while honing their skills to design and plan proj- capacity to cultivate talented people who can understand, ects and to innovatively carry out experiments. Science Systems Research Center for advance and widely apply highly specialized new fields of (3) Clear positioning of the project within the university’s science and technological innovation. overall educational program; a concrete implementation plan along with educational milestones toward achieving Disseminating information to society the project’s objectives within the 3-year funding period; Lessons learned from the projects adopted are widely and education/research programs that promise to be sus- disseminated to society so that other universities may use tainable. them in enhancing their graduate programs. Awards of Recognition Framework Eligible institutions Budget A doctoral or master’s graduate research department of a FY 2009: ¥5.7 billion university or a combination of such departments.

Project duration: Three years Website Appendix Project funding: Up to ¥40 million per year http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-daigakuin/index.html

13 JSPS 2009-2010

Support for University Reform Ⅱ Enhancing the Quality of University Research and Education 3 Program for Promoting University Education Reform

Purpose In Japan, higher education is expected to be effective in fostering talented young people who will be the mainstay of a knowledge-intensive society. As the country approaches an era of mass university enrollment, tertiary educational systems will also need to be responsive to wider diversity in student knowledge, study habits and learning motivation. Under this program, universities, junior colleges and national colleges of technology are eligible to apply for grants to sustain their educational capacity and improve their education quality. Priority financial support is given to adopted applications judged most effective for achieving these goals. Through this targeted support and the widespread dissemination of emulative results, the program aims to contribute to strengthening the guarantee for quality higher education in Japan.

Features Strengthened effort for ensuring educational quality Eligible institutions The program incorporates a systematized educational Universities: Universities, university faculties, multiple process, an overarching credit system, improved curricula, faculties, departments within university faculties, mul- results assessment, first-year experience programs, and tiple departments professional development for teachers. Junior colleges: Junior colleges, their departments, multiple departments, major courses, multiple major courses Setting clearly defined achievement goals Colleges of technology: Colleges of technology, their de- Support is provided for initiatives that, drawing upon actions partments, multiple departments taken by universities and colleges to sustain their educational capacity and improve their educational quality, promise to be Program duration: Two or three years effective in meeting clearly established goals. Program funding: Maximum of ¥50 million per fiscal year, Disseminating information to society up to ¥23 million of which is covered by government sub- Information on details of each adopted application is widely sidy disseminated to society and applied to improve education in other universities and colleges. Number of programs scheduled to be selected: About 80 in FY 2009

Framework Open Recruitment Budget Grant applications are solicited from national, public FY 2009: ¥7 billion and private universities, junior colleges, and colleges of technology. Eligible programs must be in line with the scheme’s objective to contribute to sustaining and improving higher educational quality via a management system headed Website by the university/college president or college of technology http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-pue/ director.

14 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Project for Establishing Core Universities 4 for Internationalization (“Global 30”)

Purpose Support for University Reform Amidst rapid globalization and intensifying competition among the world’s top universities, the Japanese government is taking concerted steps to further internationalize its higher education system. Under the Basic Policies for Economic and Fiscal Management and Structural Reform 2008, enacted by the Cabinet in June 2008, a program was initiated to competitively select a total of about 30 national, public and private universities from around Japan and in various fields to function as high-quality centers for receiving and educating students from overseas. The Framework of the “300,000 International Students Plan,” established by MEXT and other ministries in July 2008, provides for developing universities that offer an attractive environment for overseas students, while globalizing their programs by allowing students to earn degree through exclusively English course curricula and other means. Providing prioritized support of Researchers Fostering Next Generation for establishing such receptive environments for overseas students, the plan calls for cultivating 30 core universities for advancing campus internationalization. Launched in FY 2009, this program provides comprehensive support to national, public and private universities for establishing English education programs, creating environments conducive to overseas students, and carrying out strategic international exchange collaborations. Using this support, the selected universities are expected to develop themselves as Japan’s leading internationalization hubs by providing a high quality of tertiary education and an

environment that makes it easy for students from other countries to study in Japan. International Collaborations

Features Framework Establish courses that allow degrees to be earned in English Eligible institutions Provide English instruction in internationally competitive National, public and private universities with a plan and education and research departments along with a system that medium-to-long term vision to establish themselves as hubs allows degrees to be earned in only English. for attracting high-quality students and researchers from abroad Scientific Outreach Provide a receptive environment for overseas students Employ specialized staffs (including tutors and counselors) Funding period: 5 years to assist overseas students in their studies and daily living. Offer also Japanese language instruction, supplementary Selection results education, and job placement assistance. Arrange to enroll In FY 2009, the following 13 universities were selected as overseas students in each semester. global centers:

Tohoku University, University of Tsukuba, The University Science Systems Research Center for Carry out strategic international exchange collaborations of Tokyo, Nagoya University, Kyoto University, Osaka Establish a matriculation program for each counterpart University, Kyushu University, Keio University, Sophia country including a one-stop service for receiving students. University, Meiji University, Waseda University, Doshisha Carry out exchange student programs through which University, and Ritsumeikan University Japanese students are also proactively dispatched to other countries.

Budget Awards of Recognition FY 2009: ¥4.1 billion

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-kokusaika/ Appendix

15 JSPS 2009-2010

Support for University Reform Ⅱ Enhancing the Quality of University Research and Education 5 World Premier International Research Center Initiative

Purpose Based on provisions in the government’s third S&T Basic Plan, issued in March 2006, and the Comprehensive Strategy for Fostering Innovation issued by the Council for Science and Technology Policy in June of that year, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) inaugurated this program in the 2007 fiscal year. MEXT has commissioned JSPS to carry out grant selection, using a procedure prescribed by the ministry, along with performing project evaluations and program administration. The program provides both supplementary and concentrated support for research in scientific fields in which Japan has already reached a high global level. By introducing system reforms and measures to promote the taking of autonomous initiatives by universities, the program seeks to elevate even higher the level of research in these fields. At the same time, it supports the creation of “highly visible” centers of excellence that boast an excellent research environment, one of a high enough standard to readily attract frontline researchers from around the world.

Features Framework Foster internationally conversant researchers by Eligible institutions: Universities, inter-university research globalizing the research institutes of Japanese universities institutes, independent administrative institutions, and public and Japan’s overall research environment interest corporations • The world’s top-level researchers are invited from both Japan and abroad to work in the centers. Number of grants: Five • A robust management system, including a merit-based pay scheme, is introduced. Project duration: Ten years, with a possible 5-year • A research environment in tune with international standards extension for projects producing outstanding results. (Interim is created through such means as making English the evaluation performed every five years.) working language at the centers and introducing flexible support systems. Amount of grants: From ¥500 million to ¥2 billion annually per project Cultivate novel seeds of innovation by forging scientific advances Budget FY 2009: ¥7.1 billion

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-toplevel/index.html

16 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

6 Program for Area Studies Based on Needs of Society

Purpose

This program supports project-based research that addresses both policy imperatives and societal needs in a way Support for University Reform that contributes to cooperation, mutual understanding and harmonious relations between Japan and the Middle East, Southeast Asia and other regions in which Japan has strong national interests. Research is directed at policy, economic and societal issues and their underlying philosophical, cultural and historical relationships. The results are widely disseminated and serve to strengthen exchange and cooperation between Japan and the counterpart regions. At the same time, the program works to promote research in the humanities and social sciences at universities, while advancing the development of new fields within those domains. JSPS has been commissioned by MEXT to carry out the administration and assessment of projects implemented under this program. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation List of Ongoing Projects (Nine in Total)

Research Category I Clarifying the Relationship between Japan and Counterpart Regions—Toward Enhanced Collaboration The Middle East within Asia: Law and Economics Collaboration and Evaluation in the XXIst Century: Area Studies and Humanitarian Assistance (COEXISTENCE) Research on Strategy for Legal Assistance to Southeast Asian Countries, such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, etc Research Category II Clarifying the Identity of Regions —Toward Deeper Mutual Understanding Searching for Coexistence and New Regional Concept in Connecting Middle East and Asia International Collaborations Islam in Southeast Asia : Transnational Networks and Local Contexts Devising Strategies on the transition from Mixed to Harmonious Societies in Southeast Asia： Based on the Research of Social Changes in Local Communities Caused by Corporate Expansion Research on the Possibilities for New Area Studies whose Research Concepts Correspond to Global Issues Human and Environmental Symbiosis in Central Asia and the Role of Japan: Area Studies Based on Value Design (1) Environmental Issues Ac- companying Development Social Software Studies for Social Development and Sustainable Environment in South Asia—Study on Social and Environmental Problems in South Asia (2) Societal Issues Accompany- Central Asian Migration Management and International Cooperation (CAMMIC) ing Population Movements Scientific Outreach Budget Website FY2009: ¥100 million http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-needs/ Program for Promoting Social Science Research 7 Aimed at Solutions of Near-Future Problems Science Systems Research Center for Purpose This program is aimed at devising solutions to socioeconomic issues that Japan is likely to face in the near future. Analyzing these issues based on data assembled from a variety of institutions and other sources, practical research methods are employed to produce results that offer society a selection of options in addressing them. The research will contribute to striking a balance between socioeconomic vitalization and societal well-being and security, while working to enhance people’s lives and social welfare. At the same time, this results-oriented program works to advance research

in the social sciences at universities and to develop new fields of investigation within in that discipline in Japan. Awards of Recognition JSPS has been commissioned by MEXT to carry out the administration and assessment of projects implemented under this program.

List of Ongoing Projects (Four in Total)

Research Category I Design of Socioeconomic Systems Yielding Robust Economic Vitality Design of Societal System that Yields High-Quality Housing Stock Design of Interfirm Network that Enables Long-Term Economic Growth

Research Category II Design of New Employment Systems Yielding Rich Quality of Life Appendix Creation of Employment System that Enables Lifelong Growth for All People Work and Life Balance from Gender-Sensitive Perspectives: Designing Work Style that Enables Career Development, and Family and Community Activities Budget Website FY2009: ¥150 million http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-hs/ 17 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅲ Fostering Next Generation of Researchers 1 Research Fellowships for Young Scientists

Purpose Strong emphasis is placed on fostering and securing talented young researchers. No limitation is placed on their selections of research topics or host institutions. During their tenure, fellows are allowed to take leave for childbearing and infant nursing.

Total Number of Fellowships Fellowship Categories The program offers four categories of fellowships:

(persons) Doctoral Course Students (DC) 6,000 5,648 5,428 SPD Postdocs (PD) 5,038 SPD 36 Restart Postdocs (RPD) 4,832 4,812 SPD 36 RPD 5,000 SPD RPD 36 RPD 90 Superlative Postdocs (SPD) 48 36 RPD 80 PD SPD 60 PD 1,052 30 PD 1,052 Especially gifted researchers are selected from PD candidates 4,000 PD PD 1,052 1,364 1,146 to receive SPD fellowships.

3,000 Emphasis is being placed on increasing the number of DC DC awardees so as to give young researchers support at the DC 4,470 DC 4,260 initial stage of their carreers. 2,000 DC DC 3,890 3,420 3,600

1,000 Restart Postdoc (RPD) Fellowship Eligibility: Postdoctoral researchers who have, within

0 the past five years, suspended their research work for 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (FY) a period of 3 months or longer for the purpose of child bearing or raising. Terms of Research Fellowships

Category Doctoral Students Postdocs Restart Postdocs Superlative Postdocs Tenure 2-3 years 3 years 2 years 3 years Monthly stipend ¥200,000 ¥364,000 ¥364,000 ¥446,000 Research grant Up to ¥1.5 million/year Up to ¥3 million/year

Two-Tear Screening Document reviews are carried out in eight application categories, with six examiners reviewing each application. This is followed by a panel review, which may contain an interview when deemed appropriate. The whole process is overseen by JSPS’s Screening Committee for Young Researcher Fellowships, which commissions 2,200 frontline researchers to conduct the document and panel reviews.

Dr. Sachiyo Oshima

18 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Current Employment Status of According to a survey taken five years after competing their JSPS postdoctoral fellowship, 84.7% of former fellows had FY2002 Research Fellows secured a position as a full-time researcher. FY2007 survey results of research fellows who completed

their JSPS fellowship in FY2002 Support for University Reform Postdoctoral fellow Others 3.2% 12.1% Budget FY2009: ¥16.3 billion

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-pd/pddc.htm of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

Researchers employed at university, national laboratory or private company 84.7%

2 Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad International Collaborations

Purpose By affording them the opportunity to work under excellent overseas researchers, this fellowship helps to foster and secure talented young Japanese researchers endowed with rich international perspectives. Fellows receive financial support for a period of two years to allow them to devote themselves to their work at an overseas university or research institution. A total of 384 fellowships are scheduled to be awarded in FY 2009.

Transition by Year in Number of “Postdoc- Screening Scientific Outreach toral Fellowships for Research Abroad” Same two-tier screening process is used as with Research (persons) Fellowships for Young Scientists. 500 Budget 400 FY2009: ¥1.6 billion Science Systems Research Center for

300 Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-pd/ab.htm

410 410 200 384 376 378 Awards of Recognition

100

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (FY) Features

Fellows may without limitation select their research topics Appendix and overseas universities. Fellows are provided roundtrip airfare to their country of destination, a stipend, and a research grant. Fellows are allowed to take leave for childbearing and infant Dr. Sachiyo Oshima nursing. Dr. Masaaki Hayashida at Stanford University

19 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅲ Fostering Next Generation of Researchers Program to Create an Independent Research 3 Environment for Young Researchers

Purpose The Budget for Promoting and Coordinating Science and Technology is administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in accordance with guidelines set by the Council for Science and Technology Policy. It constitutes policy-driven competitive funds. Using this budget, this program was launched in FY 2006 as part of an initiative to reform Japan’s S&T system. Its aim is to provide a working environment that allows young researchers to perform their research independently. Accordingly, the program works to establish a tenure track system for young researchers at research institutions so as to give them an opportunity to exercise autonomy in actively conducting their research in a vibrant, competitive environment.

Features Framework All fields of the natural sciences are covered under the Under this program, MEXT is responsible for recruiting and program. Eligible projects are those designed to reform the selecting applications, distributing grants, and evaluating human resource development systems in research institutions projects. JSPS joins a portion of the screening process. that seek to become international research hubs. The This task is performed by senior program officers of JSPS’s following three requirements must be satisfied: Research Center for Science Systems, who take on the (1) A tenure track system must be introduced for young important role under this MEXT initiative of making the researchers, i.e., those who have obtained their PhD within university environment more conducive to independent 10 years or have a similar degree of research experience. research by young researchers. (2) An environment must be put in place to facilitate independent research activities by young researchers, Eligible institutions: Universities, inter-university including startup funding, an adequate research support research institutes, national laboratories, and independent system, and suitable working space. administrative institutions (3) Measures must be taken to reform the research operation within the host institution in such a way as to encourage Project duration: As a rule, five years independent work by young researchers. Funding: As a rule, ¥200 million per project (including indirect costs)

Website http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/kagaku/chousei/index.htm

20 JSPS 2009-2010

International Collaborations Ⅳ Initiatives Support for Research 1 International Collaborations

Purpose Through its international programs with 86 science-promotion agencies in 44 countries and two international organizations, Support for University Reform JSPS works to develop and maintain good cooperative relationships with science-promotion and other counterpart institutions in countries around the world. While carrying out frequent exchanges of views and information with people on both the executive and operational levels of these counterpart institutions, JSPS is regularly invited to represent Japan at important science policy meetings held in the US and Europe. It is upon this vibrant matrix of inter-institutional relationships that JSPS carries out an effective yet flexible program of diverse international scientific exchanges.

Over recent years, JSPS has placed special emphasis upon building and expanding the JSPS’s Primary International Programs of Researchers Fostering Next Generation international networks of Japanese researchers by JSPS’s international program mainly comprises the providing young researchers with opportunities following five components: to gain formative experience overseas and by working to build a robust Asian scientific ● Support for collaboration with North/South American, community, one in which young researchers of the European and Oceanian countries region can hone their skills and play instrumental ● Support for collaboration with Asian and African

roles. countries International Collaborations ● Support for university internationalization ● International training for young researchers ● Fellowships for overseas researchers Scientific Outreach Science Systems Research Center for Awards of Recognition Summit Conference on National Research Funding Agencies sponsored [chaired] by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (France, March 2008) Appendix

21 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations

Exchanges with Overseas Science Promotion Agencies

Heads of Research Councils of the G8 Countries (G8-HORCs) Meetings of the G8-HORCs are held once a year to bring together top leaders of principal science-promotion agencies in the G8-member countries (i.e., Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, and the US) for the purpose of holding free discussions on topics of common interest. Based on views exchanged in these discussions, JSPS launched its research hub-building “Core-to-Core Program” (page 24), “JSPS Bottom-Up International Joint Research Program” (page 24), and other cooperative initiatives.

28th meeting of G8-HORCs (Italy, May 2009) Heads of Research Councils in Asia (A-HORCs) To promote high-level research activities in Asia with Japan, China and Korea at their core, the heads of leading science-promotion agencies in the three countries meet annually to discuss face-to-face S&T policy trends and the state of international collaboration in their respective countries. Initially proposed by JSPS, these meetings have been held each year from 2003. Discussions in them have yielded various tangible outcomes including the establishment of the “A3 Foresight Program,” jointly implemented by JSPS and partner agencies in China and Korea.

2nd meeting of ASIAHORCs (Tokyo, November 2008) Asian Heads of Research Councils (ASIAHORCs) To advance science aimed at solving problems shared commonly among Asian countries while fostering the region’s young researchers, this annual meeting is held by the heads of science-promotion agencies from ten Asian countries: Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. They engage in a broad exchange of views and information including scientific trends and international collaborations in their respective countries. Advocated by JSPS, the first of ASIAHORCs meeting was held in 2007. The first member-implemented joint project, taking the form of an international symposium on biodiversity, was held in July 2009. 7th meeting of A-HORCs (Hiroshima,November 2009)

22 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

2 North/South American, European and Oceanian Countries

Purpose

JSPS’s collaborative programs with North/South American, European, and Oceanian countries are aimed at developing and Support for University Reform strengthening partnerships of parity with these countries at a top world level. Based on memorandums and agreements signed with academies and other science-promotion organizations in advanced countries, long-enduring networks are formed to carry out bilateral exchanges while research hubs are established to carry out multilateral collaborations in leading-edge fields, and the implementation of bottom-up international joint research is supported.

Features

(1) Developing highly responsive, strategic programs of Researchers Fostering Next Generation These various international programs are designed, both in scale and configuration, to meet the scientific needs of Japan and its counterpart countries. (2) Carrying out top world-level scientific collaborations Clearly defined collaborative frameworks are established between JSPS and its partner agencies in counterpart countries, through which top-level research programs are steadfastly advanced. International Collaborations (3) Fostering and securing young researchers Opportunities are given talented young researchers to form networks with peers. Encouragement and support is also given them to participate Signing ceremony for cooperative agreement with actively in research initiatives. Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (Tokyo, October 2009) Programs

(1) Bilateral Collaborations Scientific Outreach JSPS supports international scientific exchanges between French and Japanese researchers to start up international Japan and counterpart countries in accordance with agreements joint research projects, while supporting the creation of inter- or memoranda of understanding concluded with academies, personal networks among them. research councils and other science-promotion organizations in Project funding amount and period: Up to ¥1 million per those countries. Programs with such partner agencies mainly take year for up to 2 years the form of joint research, seminars and researcher exchanges. Researcher Exchanges (Sending and Receiving)

Joint Research Projects and Seminars Support is given for visits by researchers to each other’s Science Systems Research Center for Supported is the forming of sustainable networks between countries and attendant activities/exchanges with an eye to teams of researchers from Japan and other countries— building an infrastructure for the sustainable development of networking that facilitates collaboration among individual networking and joint research among researchers from Japan researchers. and other countries. Funding amount and period: Visit funding and period: International airfare and Joint research projects: ¥1-5 million per year for 1-3 years maintenance allowance from 14 days to 2 years Joint seminars: ¥1-2.5 million per seminar of up to one * Support may differ by country and counterpart agency. week in duration * Japanese researchers wishing to go abroad apply to JSPS, Awards of Recognition while overseas researchers wishing to come to Japan SAKURA Program apply to JSPS counterpart agencies in their countries. This program is designed to foster know-how in young

Bilateral Cooperation Based on MoUs/Agreements 47 agencies in 27 countries MoU/Agreements Counterpart JSPS Agency Joint Staff Meetings and/or routine communications Appendix

Proposal Support Proposal Support Joint Research Projects Seminars Japanese Overseas Researchers Researchers Researcher Exchanges

23 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations (2) Creating Research Hubs JSPS Core-to-Core Program This program works to create and strengthen networks for Japanese core institutions conducting multilateral collaborations among the most Apply to JSPS advanced research institutions in cutting-edge fields of science. Proactively advancing large-scale projects together Integrated Action Initiatives with these counterpart institutions in the US, Europe and Project Duration: 2 years other Western countries, this program seeks to establish Next-Stage Selection world-caliber research hubs in leading-edge fields within Strategic Research Networks Japanese universities and other research institutions. Project Duration: 3 years

Target Countries JSPS (1) Two countries chosen from the following 15 countries: Core Institution in partner country A Ａ the US, Canada, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Cooperating Institution(s) Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, in partner country A the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. ・Carry out Country A joint projects

Core Institution Agency Partner (2) One country added from other than the above-listed ・Disseminate scientific countries. Cooperating Institution(s) results ・Dispatch Japan young Core Institution The program is implemented in two phases. Projects researchers in partner country B conducted under the first phase can be elevated to the second. Cooperating Institution(s) in partner country B

[First phase] B Agency Partner Country B Integrated Action Initiatives Projects: The object of these projects is to establish networks between research institutions in Japan and counterpart institutions in North America, Europe and Oceania. [Second phase] Strategic Research Networks Projects: Once effective, sustainable networks have been established, these projects function to advance them further into international research hubs.

International Summer School held under JSPS Core-to-Core Program (Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo)

(3) JSPS Bottom-Up International Joint Research Program Launched in FY 2009, this program is designed to generate are to gradually expand the research fields along with the and configure next-generation knowledge assets that collaborating countries and counterpart agencies. promote and create international researcher networks. The international joint research carried out under the program is expected to produce high-level multiplier effects along with JSPS Bottom-Up International Joint Research Program innovative, knowledge-yielding results. Projects are carried out with simultaneous support and cooperation among JSPS science-promotion agencies of the participating countries. This program started with support for joint research in Partner Partner the field of chemistry between Japan and the US (JSPS- Agency Ａ Agency B NSF International Collaborations in Chemistry). Plans Projects implemented JSPS Bottom-Up International Joint Research Program Partner Partner JSPS-NSF International Collaborations in Chemistry (ICC) Agency C under global Agency D governance ○ Partner Agency: National Science Foundation, NSF ○ Targeted Research Field: Chemistry Partner Partner ○ Project funding: Up to ¥20 million/year Agency E Agency F ○ Support: Research grant, international travel, maintenance allowance, etc. Partner Agency G ○ Project Period: 3 years

24 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

3 Asian and African Countries

Purpose

Japan is working to take the lead in building an Asian science and technology community of equal standing with those Support for University Reform of North America and Europe. To this end, JSPS carries out a range of programs tailored to the differing economic conditions, S&T levels and other country-specific factors in the Asian region. Programs are also implemented to contribute to socioeconomic autonomy and development in African nations by supporting their efforts to build research hubs and advance scientific research of vital importance to the region.

Features

(1) Carrying out a diversified program menu (2) Implementing programs in the African region of Researchers Fostering Next Generation To promote scientific collaboration in Asia and Africa, In the past, Japan has had relatively few scientific exchanges JSPS has initiated a wide range of programs that include with Africa. JSPS’s new initiatives give the lead to Japanese implementing large-scale collaborations aimed at making universities and other research institutions in implementing top world-level research advances, supporting joint research programs that advance scientific research in such a way projects based on agreements with counterpart agencies, as to solve prevailing problems in African countries while developing research hubs in countries of Asia and Africa, and foster young researchers on the continent. JSPS’s programs fostering young researchers. The scale, configuration and also serve to build working networks between Japan and the International Collaborations other components of these programs are carefully designed to African region. optimize the effectiveness of their respective implementations. Programs

(1) Bilateral Collaborations Joint Research Projects and Seminars gradually expand the program to other countries within the Asian Support is provided in cooperation with 18 counterpart agencies and African regions that do not have counterpart agencies. From in Asian and African countries for carrying out joint research FY 2010, the RONPAKU Program will be applied to African Scientific Outreach projects, seminars and exchanges between researchers in Japan countries. and those regions. (See page 23 for the program outline.) Active RONPAKU alumni programs are carried out in Thailand and the Philippines, where medal-awarding ceremonies are held RONPAKU (Dissertation PhD) Program for graduates (PhD awardees) every year. This program supports excellent researchers from Asian and African countries who wish to receive a PhD from a Japanese university by submitting a dissertation without matriculating a doctoral course. The program is appraised for allowing the Science Systems Research Center for fellows to earn a doctoral degree without having to be absent for long periods of time from their home research institutions. When this program started it was to foster Asian researchers. The selection of fellows was made based on recommendations from JSPS counterpart agencies in a number of designated Asian countries. In recent years, adjustments have been made to

RONPAKU Graduates FY1978-2008 Signing ceremony for bilateral agreement with the Ministry of Higher Education and Sci- Awards of Recognition entific Research of the Arab Republic of Egypt (MHESR) (Cairo, June 2009) Country Number Thailand 181 Indonesia 121 Philippines 67 Korea, Rep. 59 China 46 India 24 Malaysia 20 Appendix Vietnam 16 Bangladesh 9 Singapore 3 Others 1 Total 547 Receiving a RONPAKU graduation certificate, Dr. Dorothy May Agdamag with her advisor Prof. Hiroshi Ichimura at Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University 25 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations (2) Creating Research Hubs Multilateral exchange programs are carried out to create research hubs in universities and research institutions of Asian and African countries.

Japan Asian and African Countries JSPS Core Institution Partner Cooperating Cooperating Agency Institution Institution Core Institution -Carry out joint research -Build research/education hubs Support Cooperating Cooperating -Foster young researchers Institution Institution Core Institution Partner Cooperating Cooperating Agency Institution Institution

Asian CORE Program Based on a principle of equal partnership among the participating countries, this program works to build Asian research hubs that conduct world-class research while fostering upcoming generations of talented young scientists. Projects are supported with matching funds from science- promotion agencies in the counterpart countries. Target Research topics considered to be cutting research edge and internationally important in Japan Researchers of faculty of fisheries, Target Asian countries having diplomatic relations Kagoshima countries with Japan University, taking bio-samples Asia-Africa Science Platform Program With an eye to solving regionally specific issues in Asia and Africa, Japanese research institutions take the lead under this program in building research hubs and fostering young researchers in the counterpart countries. Compared to the Asian Core Program, this program supports the building of smaller scale, start-up research hubs. Research topics endemic or important to the Target Workshop in Kenya Asian or African regions and which Japan by researchers of research Institute of Tropical considers meaningful as prioritized research Medicine, Nagasaki Target Asian and African countries having University countries diplomatic relations with Japan A3 Foresight Program JSPS, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and FY 2010 Recyclable Energy the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) FY 2009 Cancer Epigenetics work as a consortium in supporting trilateral research FY 2008 Advanced Materials projects that establish top-level research hubs in Asia, while advancing research on common regional issues and fostering FY 2007 Climate Change young researchers. The research theme for each fiscal year FY 2006 Biotechnology is decided via consultation among the three agencies in the FY 2005 Nanoscience & Nanotechnology previous year’s A-HORCs meeting.

Core University Program have also facilitated researcher exchanges, fostered young Over some 30 years, this program has worked to advance researchers and elevated the research standards of Asian international cooperative research centered around universities countries, while furthering the internationalization of Japanese designated as “core universities” in Japan and counterpart universities and other research institutions. From FY 2005, Asian countries. Projects under the program have yielded new projects within this framework have been recruited and valuable results while serving to build robust networks implemented under the Asian Core, AA Science Platform and between Japanese and Asian universities. In the process, they A3 Foresight Programs.

26 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

(3) Strategic Program for Building an Asian Science and Technology Community This program works to establish a dynamic S&T community across the breadth of the Asian region by strengthening the scientific partnerships that JSPS has over long years cultivated to build multi-layered networks between Japan and Asian countries. Creating an Asian S&T Community by Building Multi-Layered Networks Support for University Reform

Asian Heads of Research Councils (ASIAHORCs) Networking science-promotion agencies

HOPE Meetings Networking young researchers Asian Science and Technology Flexible International Exchanges Networking universities and research institutes Community

Japan-Asia Research Community Network Networking researchers who have stayed in Japan of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

Asian Heads of Research Councils (ASIAHORCs) Toward establishing an infrastructure upon which to build an Second HOPE Meeting Asian S&T community, these annual ASIAHORCs meeting ● Nobel laureates: Chairperson Prof. Ryoji Noyori are held to strengthen the network among the region’s leading (2001 Chemistry), Prof. Peter Agre (2003 Chemistry), science-promotion agencies. (See page 22 for details.) Prof. Leo Esaki (1973 Physics), Prof. Makoto International Collaborations Kobayashi (2008 Physics), Prof. Yuan T. Lee (1986 Chemistry), Mr. Koichi Tanaka (2002 Chemistry), and Prof. Susumu Tonegawa (1987 Physiology or Medicine) ● Invited lecturers: Prof. Svante Lindqvist (Museum Director of Nobel Museum; President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences), Mr. Tadao Ando First ASIAHORCs Joint Symposium on “Asian Biodiversity” (Nagoya, 2009) (Architect), Prof. Shuji Takashina (Director of Ohara

HOPE Meetings Museum of Art), and Prof. Eiichi Nakamura (Professor Scientific Outreach These meetings are held to foster the next generation of of the University of Tokyo) researchers upon whose shoulders the future of S&T advances ● Participants: 100 graduate students selected from the in Asia will rest, while building colleagial networks among following 14 countries and regions within the Asia- them. The salient feature of these meetings is that they provide Pacific: Japan (39 participants), Australia, Bangladesh, an opportunity for excellent graduate students chosen from the China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New countries and regions of the Asia-Pacific to interact closely with Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand Nobel laureates and other of the world’s most leading scientists. and Vietnam. Science Systems Research Center for The first HOPE Meeting was held in February 2008 in Tsukuba, Japan. Chaired by Prof. Leo Esaki (1973 Nobel laureate in physics), its theme was “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.” Chaired by Prof. Ryoji Noyori (2001 Nobel laureate in chemistry), the second HOPE Meeting was held on the theme “Art in Science” in September 2009 in Hakone, Japan.

Flexible International Exchanges Awards of Recognition To address common regional problems while raising the overall research standard within Asia by utilizing Japan’s cumulative research expertise and advancements, a flexible Members of program of researcher exchange, both sending and receiving, Second HOPE and joint international meetings is carried out between Japanese Meeting universities and research institutes and overseas counterpart institutions. Appendix

Site visit at the China-Japan Symposium on Seismic Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (Sichuan, October 2008)

27 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations Japan-Asia Research Community Network (JARC-Net) colleagues. This Japan-Asia Research Community Network JSPS has created and placed into operation a database that (JARC-Net) strengthens and expands the interpersonal compiles and provides access to information on researchers networks already cultivated over long years of research and specialists who have come from Asia and experienced exchange between Japan and the countries of Asia. Registered study or research in Japan and on Japanese researchers JARC-Net members may freely use in their research activities who are interested in conducting collaborations with Asia information given open access within the system’s database.

(4) System for Supporting JICA Dispatch of S&T Researchers To solve through the application of S&T research problems prevailing in developing countries while strengthening their Fields All fields of science and technology research capacities, JSPS works to smoothly implement a Target JICA S&T researcher dispatch program under the Special countries/ ODA-recipient countries/regions Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology, regions through which Japanese researchers are sent abroad upon As a rule, up to 2 years. requests from developing countries within an official Project Projects based on requests by developing development aid (ODA) framework. JSPS surveys and period analyzes the joint research capabilities and needs of both countries for dispatch of JICA experts. Japan and the developing countries and matches to them researchers to be dispatched. To select candidates for these researcher dispatches, JSPS convenes a committee of experts.

Note: This program is implemented by the Japan International Coop- eration Agency (JICA). Researchers are dispatched as JICA experts. The program is not applied to China as it collaborates with Japan in equal partnership initiatives.

Dr. Susumu Sugiyama carrying out a joint project as the first specialist dispatched under the JICA support program (Sri Lanka, September 2009)

Implementation System

Japanese researchers Developing countries Japanese Government: MoFA, MEXT Apply for ODA -Review and select application for S&T joint research (S&T joint Responsible ministry for ODA research) Cooperation Request for S&T joint research Call for JSPS JICA applications - Call for applications and select candidate - Dispatch researchers as JICA experts Researchers and - Hold working group comprising external institutions in authorities developing countries - Maintain Database of S&T researchers Apply in Japan and Developing Countries (Founded by ‘Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology’ )

Arrange dispatches Start S&T joint (with researchers and their institutions) research Dispatch researchers as JICA experts

28 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Support for University Internationalization

Strategic Fund for Establishing International Headquarters of efforts by Japanese universities to expand their in Universities (SiH) international bases and activities by allowing researchers Support for University Reform Established by the Ministry of Education, Culture, and representatives of the universities to use their office Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in FY 2005, facilities during stays in the host countries. Providing the program’s implementation was commissioned to these services are JSPS’s offices in Washington DC, San JSPS and Japan International Science and Technology Francisco, Bonn, London, Stockholm, Bangkok, Beijing, Exchange Center (JISTEC). Under it, support is given Cairo and Nairobi. to 20 MEXT-selected pilot universities in strengthening The offices also support collaborations among the the functions of their “international headquarters” and overseas offices of Japanese universities in their areas. in carrying out new initiatives to systematically advance One salient example is the San Francisco Office’s of Researchers Fostering Next Generation campus-wide international activities. In its role, JSPS support for JUNBA (Japanese University Network in the takes the successful results of these pilot programs Bay Area). The office acts as the secretariat for JUNBA, and uses them, along with good practices of overseas which works to foster a sense of consortium among the universities, to develop highly effective international member universities and to strengthen their system for strategy models for Japanese universities. collecting and communicating information. Furthermore, JSPS has from April 2006 been operating Yet another function of JSPS’s overseas offices is to its own university internationalization support train international exchange specialists among the International Collaborations headquarters, headed by JSPS’s president, which works staffs of Japan’s national universities by providing them to accelerate JSPS’s efforts in this direction. Information with internships for gaining experience in carrying out on the activities being carried by the pilot universities international programs. and on symposiums held under this program is posted on SiH’s homepage.

Support by JSPS’s Overseas Offices JSPS has ten liaison offices in nine countries (see pages

46-47). They perform the following functions: Scientific Outreach - Liaise with overseas counterpart research-promotion organizations - Hold symposiums - Support alumni networks formed among former participants in JSPS programs - Disseminate information on scientific trends in Japan and gather similar information from the host countries - Support the overseas activities of Japanese universities Science Systems Research Center for The offices provide an overseas foothold in support JUNBA Summit (San Francisco, January 2009) Awards of Recognition Appendix

29 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations 4 International Training Opportunities for Young Researchers

Purpose JSPS carries out a variety of programs to foster young researchers who will go on to play leading roles in the international scientific and academic communities. They provide opportunities for young Japanese researchers to meet with overseas peers and engage in intensive discussions, to build networks through participation in joint research projects, and to study and gain research experience in overseas institutions.

Features (1) Diversified System of Support (2) Wide, Multilevel Support Via support for individual young researchers by way of short- In line with the program’s policy, support is given to a wide term, intensive seminars and for systematic education/research spectrum of young researchers including graduate students, programs implemented by university graduate schools, a variety postdocs and assistant professors. of objective-focused training opportunities are provided.

Programs

(1) Holding and Supporting Symposiums

Frontiers of Science (FoS) Symposiums Travel Grant for Attending Lindau Meetings In these symposia, young researchers from Japan and the Every year, the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate counterpart country lodge together so as to concentrate their Meetings invites about 20 Nobel laureates to Lindau in the time and effort on advancing cross-disciplinary discussions on south of Germany to give lectures to and hold discussions with leading-edge scientific topics across a spectrum of research young researchers assembled from countries around the world. domains. Cosponsored by such partners as the National JSPS nominates candidates from Japan to the Council and Academy of Sciences, these symposia are carried out via pays their travel-related expenses to participate in these Lindau collaborative frameworks with the US, Germany and France. Meetings. While working to broaden the scientific perspectives of the participating young researchers, FoS symposia also attempt to spur free thinking and new ideas unencumbered by precepts of existing academic disciplines, thus contributing to the pioneering of new interdisciplinary domains.

59th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting (Germany, June 2009)

Asian Science Seminars This program works to raise the education/research level of Third Japanese-French young researchers in Asian countries and to build networks Frontiers of Science among them. Through cooperation between JSPS and the Symposium (Kanagawa, January 2009) Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Research Foundation of Korea, and Department of Science and Technology (India) and with universities and other scientific research institutions in these ESF-JSPS Frontier Science Conference Series for Young countries, seminars are implemented that lodge young researchers Researchers together in a school-like forum that engages them in lessons and While imbuing the young Japanese and European researchers discussions on leading-edge trends in science and technology. with future vista and horizons in their subject research fields, this program also functions to build enduring networks among the participants. Cosponsored by JSPS and the European Science Foundation (ESF), these seminar-style conferences bring together about 50 young researchers from Japan and Europe and give them the opportunity to receive lectures from and hold discussions with leading international experts. The participants lodge together for a period of about one week. The conference venue alternates between Japan Asian Science Seminar and European countries. (India, December 2008)

30 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

(2) Supporting Undergraduate and Graduate Education

International Training Program (ITP) for Young Researchers Newly launched in 2007, the International Training Program International Training Program (ITP) for Young Researchers is provided for young scientists at the first step of their Support for University Reform research careers. Aimed at master’s and doctoral students, postdocs and research associates, it provides opportunities Dispatch young Japanese for them to gain work experience in overseas research researchers overseas institutions. Ultimately, the program seeks to foster talented researchers with keen international perspectives who will go on to play active roles in advancing science in Japan. To this end, the program supports initiatives taken by Carry out two-way exchange Japanese universities to create linkages with overseas of Researchers Fostering Next Generation universities, research institutes, corporations and other Institutions

organizations to partner with in sending young researchers Overseas Partner Conduct joint planning abroad for fixed-period internships. Japanese universities

Japanese-German Graduate Externship Based on an agreement between JSPS and the German Research International Collaborations Foundation (DFG), support is given to the implementation of reciprocal programs established between Japanese and German universities for the purpose of fostering young Japanese-German doctoral researchers, while systematically promoting academic Graduate Externship at Nagoya Univer- international exchange within Japanese graduate schools. sity (Source: Graduate Graduate education and research programs between Japanese School of Science, and German universities are supported that offer cross- Nagoya University) mentoring via mutual dispatch of students and faculty members. Scientific Outreach Science Systems Research Center for Awards of Recognition Appendix

31 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations 5 Fellowships for Overseas Researchers

Purpose Under these programs, excellent researchers are invited from around the world to conduct joint research with Japanese colleagues, give lectures, and engage in exchanges of views and information. While offering the overseas fellows opportunities to advance their research, these fellowship programs also put Japanese researchers in touch with novel concepts and methodologies that can aid in accelerating their work as well. In this light, the fellowship programs provide impetus for advancing scientific research and internationalization throughout Japan.

Features - Fellows are selected based on the scientific value of their - Multiple application opportunities are provided over the research plans, irrespective of their fields or nationalities. course of each year. - Invitational programs are designed to coincide with researchers’ - Support for living in Japan is provided to long-term various career stages and purposes for coming to Japan. fellows.

Career Stages of Researchers

(Enrollment in doctoral course) 6 years after obtaining Mid-career Professor Nobel laureate Acquisition of doctoral degree doctoral degree

JSPS Invitation Fellowship JSPS Invitation Fellowship for JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers JSPS Award for for Research in Japan (Long-term) Research in Japan (Short-term) Postdocs Eminent Scientists Mid-career to professor level Professor, associate professor 1-2 years Nobel Prize level 2-10 months 2 weeks-2 months

JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship JSPS Summer Program (Short-term) for North American Pre/Postdocs and European Researchers 2 months Pre/Postdocs 1-12 months

Programs

(1) JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Foreign Researchers Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers This program allows researchers affiliated with Japanese universities or research institutes to invite promising young researchers from overseas to Japan to participate in collaborative research activities at their institutions for 1-2 years. In FY 2008, 1,265 researchers from 88 countries came to Japan under this program.

Dr. Josef Voglmeir Postdoc fellow at Nagaoka University of Technology

Eligibility Tenure Support Application - Roundtrip international air ticket - Citizen of a country that has - Prospective hosts in Japan - Monthly maintenance allowance (¥364,000) diplomatic relations with submit applications to JSPS - From 12 up - Settling-in allowance Japan - Overseas researchers apply to 24 months - Apply through host for Grant-in-Aid (up - Persons who have received a through nominating authorities to ¥3 million in total; up to ¥1.5 million doctorate within past 6 years in participating countries for each fiscal year)

32 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship (Short-term) for North are eligible: the US, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, the UK, American and European Researchers Italy, Finland, the other European Union countries, Switzerland, Young pre- and postdoctoral researchers come to Japan for Norway and Russia. In FY 2008, a total of 141 researchers relatively short tenures (for 1-12 months) to conduct joint research participated in this program (19 from the US, 20 from France, 30 at a Japanese institution. Researchers from the following countries from Germany, 20 from the UK, and 52 from other countries). Support for University Reform Eligibility Tenure Support Application - Citizen or permanent resident of an - Roundtrip international air ticket - Prospective hosts in Japan eligible country - Monthly maintenance allowance submit applications to JSPS - Persons who have received a doctorate - F r o m o n e ¥364,000 for PhD holders - Overseas researchers apply within past 6 years or who are enrolled month up to ¥200,000 for non-PhD holders through JSPS overseas centers in a doctoral course at an overseas 12 months - Settling-in allowance (for tenures in the US, UK, France, university and expected to receive a of 4 months or longer) Germany and Sweden degree within 2 years - Research grant (applied for by host) of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

JSPS Summer Program Young pre- and postdoctoral researchers from the US, UK, France, Germany and Canada are invited to Japan for two months during the summer to participate in joint research at

Japanese host institutions. The program begins with a one- International Collaborations week orientation conducted by the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), in which the participants study practical Japanese and experience Japanese culture before moving on to their respective host institutions. Prior to returning home, they reassemble to report on the results of their summer research activities. In FY 2008, 114 young researchers participated in this program (63 from the US, 11 from UK, 8 from France, 14 from Germany, and 18 from Canada).

Japanese cultural experience in Summer Program Scientific Outreach

Eligibility Tenure Support Application - Citizen or permanent resident - Roundtrip international air ticket of an eligible country - Maintenance allowance (¥534,000 for - Two months - Overseas researchers apply - Persons who have received a summer) during the through nominating authorities doctorate within past 6 years or - Domestic research travel allowance summer in participating countries who are enrolled in a graduate (¥58,500) course in an eligible country - Research grant (applied for by host) Science Systems Research Center for

Distribution by Region of FY2008 Distribution by Research Field of FY2008 Postdoctoral Fellowships for Postdoctoral Fellowships for Foreign Researchers Foreign Researchers

Humanities North America Central/South America Medical, dental and

93 fellows Awards of Recognition 177 fellows 20 fellows pharmaceutical sciences 6% 11% 1% 169 fellows 11% Social sciences Russia & NIS 122 fellows Agricultural 29 fellows Asia 8% 2% 738 fellows sciences 47% 208 fellows Mathematical, 13% physical sciences 222 fellows 14% Appendix Europe Biological sciences 508 fellows 138 fellows Chemistry 32% 9% 196 fellows 12% Oceania Engineering sciences Africa 37 fellows 434 fellows 73 fellows 2% 27% 5% 33 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅳ International Collaborations (2) JSPS Invitation Fellowships for Research in Japan Short-term fellowships These fellowships are awarded to professor-level researchers who come to Japan for relatively short periods to give lectures and/or engage in exchanges of views with Japanese colleagues. Eligibility Tenure Support Application - Citizen of a country that has - Prospective hosts in Japan - Roundtrip international air ticket diplomatic relations with Ja- submit applications to JSPS - From 14 up - Daily maintenance allowance (¥18,000) pan - Overseas researchers apply to 60 days - Domestic research travel allowance - Researchers with excellent re- through nominating authorities (¥150,000) cords of achievement in their countries

Long-term fellowships These fellowships support relatively longer stays by mid-career to professor-level researchers for the purpose of conducting joint research with Japanese colleagues.

Eligibility Tenure Support Application - Citizen of a country that has diplomatic relations with Japan - Roundtrip international air ticket - Prospective hosts in Japan - Professors, assistant and associate - From 2 months - Monthly maintenance allowance (¥369,000) submit applications to JSPS professors, persons with equivalent (61 days) up - Domestic research travel allowance - Overseas researchers apply research experience, and persons to 10 months (¥100,000) through nominating authorities who have received a doctorate - Research grant (¥40,000) in their countries within the past 6 years

JSPS Award for Eminent Scientists Researchers with highly distinguished records of pioneering achievement are invited to make multiple trips to Japan during a given period of tenure. They use these visits to offer guidance and advice on a full spectrum of research activities at Japanese institutions. To date, 44 eminent researchers, including 25 Nobel laureates, have been invited to Japan under this program.

JSPS president Prof. Motoyuki Ono, National Institutes of Natural Sciences president Prof. Yoshiro Shimura, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory chancellor emeritus Prof. James Dewey Watson, Yale University Prof. Joan Argetsinger Steitz (October 2008)

Eligibility Tenure Support - Nobel laureates and persons with equivalently - As a rule, multiple visits to - Roundtrip international air ticket excellent research achievements who are currently Japan within a period of one - Per diem (¥42,000) playing a leading role in their respective fields year - Family allowance

(3) Institutional Invitations for Researchers Exchange Program for East Asian Young Researchers— the next generation of scientific advances. Invitation from EAS-Member Countries Under this program, young researchers from ASEAN-member Implemented from FY 2008, this program supports systematic countries, Australia, New Zealand and India can be invited. initiatives taken by universities and other Japanese research institutions to invite graduate students (both master’s and Invitational Training Program for Advanced Japanese doctoral students) and young postdoctoral researchers from Research Institutes (for FY 2009 only) mainly South-East Asian countries to engage in research on their Financed by the government’s FY2009 supplemental budget, campuses. this program supports the invitation of both prominent and As a component of the Ministry of Foreign Affair’s JENESYS young researchers from overseas to conduct joint research Program (Japan-East Asia Network of Exchange for in cutting-edge fields at universities and other Japanese Students and Youths), this program is aimed at strengthening research institutions. It also supports the building within these cooperation within an Asia-centered S&T community through institutions of operating systems to programmatically invite the exchange of young researchers who will go on to shoulder and support visiting researchers.

34 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

(4) Support for JSPS Fellows JSPS Fellows Plaza A variety of services are provided to support the stays of JSPS fellows during their research tenures in Japan. These include the following: Support for University Reform - Holding an orientation for newly arriving fellows - Providing fellows with an allowance to study and learn basic Japanese needed for everyday life in Japan - Publication and free-distribution of the book Life in Japan for Foreign Researchers and the JSPS newsletter “JSPS Quarterly” - Dissemination of information over the portal site “JSPS

Fellows Plaza.” of Researchers Fostering Next Generation Group discussion at orientation for nearly arriving fellows in Japan Forming a Researcher Community To form and maintain a network between itself and former Alumni Associations by Country and Year of JSPS fellows and among the fellows themselves, JSPS Establishment supports the creation of an alumni community through such means as issuing a newsletter and conducting follow- Germany (1995) Egypt (2008)

up activities. At present, alumni associations of former International Collaborations JSPS fellows have been established in eleven countries and France (2003) Kenya (2008) regions. These associations hold seminars, symposiums and other events to promote exchange between their members UK (2004) Korea, Rep (2008) and Japanese colleagues and to stimulate interest in young researchers for doing research in Japan under JSPS’s fellowship and other programs. USA (2004) Bangladesh (2009)

Sweden (2005) Finland (2009) Scientific Outreach

India (2006)

Science Dialogue Program This program gives JSPS fellows opportunities to visit Japanese high schools and give lectures in which they tell the students about their research activities, home countries, and the paths that led them to becoming scientists. While stimulating the students’ interest in science and international Science Systems Research Center for scientific pursuit, this program also gives the fellows an opportunity to interact with the community in the vicinity of their host institution. As increasingly more students and high school faculties experience and are motivated by this JSPS program, it is becoming a dynamic platform for enhancing their potential to contribute to future scientific advancement.

In FY 2008, 86 fellows participated in this program at 69 Awards of Recognition high schools with about 3,800 students.

JSPS fellow Dr. Darren C. PEETS giving a lecture at Ehime Prefectural Mat- suyama Chuo High School (March 2009)

6 International Scientific Meetings

International Scientific Meetings in Japan Travel Grant for Academic Meetings JSPS defrays the costs for international scientific meetings JSPS also provides grants to cover the travel costs of Appendix held in Japan. Grants to cover travel expenses for inviting excellent researchers going to international conferences overseas researchers and meeting overhead costs are made in and other meetings held overseas. Each year, about 300 an amount of up to ¥3.5 million per meeting. Approximately researchers are supported under this grant program. 40 meetings are supported per year.

35 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅴ Scientific Outreach 1 University-Industry Research Cooperation

Purpose This program works to provide a platform between the academic and industrial sectors for collaboration in both basic and applied research. Established in 1933, the program is operated by an advisory committee of members from both sectors. It seeks to promote cooperation and linkage in areas of science that will exert a positive impact on society.

Projects under Special Committees

Committees for Research Promotion in Specialized Areas Frontier Research and Development Committees Science of Quantum States in Nanomaterials Conservation Technologies for Cultural Properties （Apr 2008-Mar 2011） (Apr 2007-Mar 2010) Inactivation of Microorganisms, Endotoxins and Prions in Science and Engineering of Water Medical Products by Plasma Exposure (Apr 2007-Mar 2010) (Oct 2008-Sep 2011) Practical Application of Regenerative Medicines Development and Application of Metamaterials (Oct 2008-Sep 2011) (Apr 2009-Mar 2012) Projects under University-Industry Cooperative Research Committees

Committee Names Started Committee Names Started 19th Committee on Steelmaking 1934 148th Committee on Coal and Carbonaceous Resources Utilization Technology 1984 24th Committee on Foundry Technology 1936 150th Committee on Acoustic Wave Device Technology 1985 36th Committee on Industrial Instrumentation 1947 151st Committee on Frontier Nano Device Technology 1986 54th Committee on Ironmaking 1943 153rd Committee on Plasma Materials Science 1988 69th Committee on Materials Processing and Applications 1944 154th Committee on Semiconductor Interfaces and Their Applications 1990 76th Committee on Construction Materials 1944 155th Committee on Fluorine Chemistry 1990 108th Committee on Business Administration 1947 157th Committee on Structural Response Control 1994 111th Committee on Development on the Utilization of Minerals 1947 158th Committee on Vacuum Nanoelectronics 1994 116th Committee on Chemistry Creating Organic Compounds with Novel Functions 1948 160th Committee on Plant Biotechnology for the Environment, Food and Resources 1996 117th Committee on Carbon Materials 1948 161st Committee on Science and Technology of Crystal Growth 1996 118th Committee on Industrial Structure: Small Medium Business 1948 162nd Committee on Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Photonic and Electronic Devices 1996 120th Committee on Functionalization of Textiles and Polymers 1948 163rd Committee on Internet Technology 1996 122nd Committee on Nuclear Metallurgy 1956 164th Committee on Genome Technology 1996 123rd Committee on Heat Resisting Metals and Alloys 1957 165th Committee on Ultra Integrated Silicon Systems 1996 124th Committee on Advanced Ceramics 1958 166th Committee on Photonic and Electronic Oxide Materials 1997 125th Committee on Conversion between Light and Electricity 1958 167th Committee on Nano-probe Technology 1997 129th Committee on Strength and Fracture of Advanced Materials 1960 169th Committee on Structural Biology using Diffraction Techniques 2000 130th Committee on Optoelectronics 1961 170th Committee on Redox Life Science 2000 131st Committee on Thin Films 1961 171st Committee on Optical Network System Technology 2000 132nd Committee on Electron and Ion Beam Science and Technology 1962 172nd Committee on Alloy Phase Diagrams 2001 133rd Committee on Microstructures and Functions of Materials 1962 173rd Committee on Switching Power Supply Systems for Coming Era 2001 134th Committee on Colour Fastness Tests 1963 174th Committee on Molecular Nanotechnology 2001 136th Committee on Future-Oriented Machining 1964 175th Committee on Innovative Photovoltaic Power Generating Systems 2004 139th Committee on Properties of Steam 1969 176th Committee on Process Created Materials Function 2004 141st Committee on Microbeam Analysis 1974 177th Committee on System Design and Integration 2005 142nd Committee on Organic Materials Used in Information Science and Industry 1974 178th Committee on Plant Molecular Design 2005 143rd Committee on Process Systems Engineering 1976 179th Committee on Photonics Information Systems 2006 144th Committee on Magnetic Recording 1976 180th Committee on Risk-Based Plant Management 2007 145th Committee on Processing and Characterization of Crystals 1977 181st Committee on Multifunctional Molecular Electronics 2008 146th Committee on Superconductive Electronics 1982 182nd Committee on Terahertz Science, Technology and Industrial Development 2008 147th Committee on Amorphous and Nano-Crystalline Materials 1983

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-soc/main.html

36 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

2 Information Services We publish a newsletter “JSPS Quarterly.”

Website Support for University Reform “JSPS Quarterly” http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-quart/index.html

JSPS homepage http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html

Please visit our homepage to learn more about JSPS’s activities. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation

3 Donations International Collaborations JSPS receives contributions for the purpose of supporting • Japan-China Medical Exchange (endowed by Dai-nippon researchers and advancing scientific research. Sumitomo and Sankyo Pharmaceutical Com-panies) Established within JSPS is a special trust for receiving • Fujita Memorial Fund for Medical Research donations and funding activities. Donations made to JSPS JSPS lends its tax-exempt status to organizations holding enjoy a tax-exempt status. Contributions are received from international academic conferences. The following such corporations, groups and individuals, and are used to carry conferences are to be held in FY 2009. out various endowed programs. These include the following: Scientific Outreach

FY2009 International Conferences

Title Period World Tribology Congress 2009 6-11 September 14th International Congress of Endocrinology 26-30 March Science Systems Research Center for Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/j-donation/main.htm Awards of Recognition Appendix

37 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅵ Research Center for Science Systems Purpose The Research Center for Science Systems was established within JSPS in July 2003 based on a recommendation, entitled “System Reform in Competitive Research Funding,” issued by the Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office, to attain the most effective usage of competitive research funds by putting in place within funding agencies a program officer system staffed by frontline researchers who perform a whole range of project functions from proposal selection, project assessment to post-project follow up.

Features Functions Knowledge of frontline researchers utilized in Center’s Provide recommendations and advice on JSPS’s overall operation program Frontline researchers in cutting-edge fields at Japanese For this purpose the Center holds periodic meetings. Twice universities and research institutions participate in the a month, senior program officer meetings, attended by the Center’s administrative and operational activities. Center’s director, deputy directors, and the senior program officers of each research group, are convened to exchange Specialized perspectives of researchers reflected in JSPS and compile information and views and to formulate programs proposals and advice from scientific perspectives on the full Nine program groups are established within the Center so as spectrum of JSPS’s programs. Once a month, the program to address the unique characteristics of each research field. officers meet to exchange updated information and news on Each group comprises two or three senior program officers research in their respective fields and to consider ways of and from seven to 21 program officers. applying them to JSPS’s operations. Two program-improvement working groups are established Fair and impartial selection within the Center, one for Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Program officer appointments are for three years. As a rule, Research and the other for the JSPS Research Fellowships reappointments are not made. This term is set to help ensure for Young Scientists. Each group meets once a month to fairness in the grant selection process. So as to preclude consider ways of enhancing the solicitation and selection imbalances in the program officer makeup, effort is made systems of their respective programs and to draft related to choose their replacements from different disciplines and recommendations for JSPS. research institutions, while improving the ratio of female researchers. Oversee application screening and project assessment for JSPS programs (1) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Program officers prepare lists of examiner candidates and chair review meetings. To ensure fairness and transparency, they do not participate in the screening or selection processes. (2) JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists Program officers prepare lists of examiner candidates and participate in review meetings. They evaluate the performance of superlative postdoctoral (SPD) fellows, and they select candidates for the JSPS Prize. (3) JSPS’s international exchange programs

Senior Program Officer Meeting, April 2009 Program officers prepare lists of examiner candidates.

Conduct surveys and studies Program officers conduct surveys of science-promotion policies and research trends. The results of these surveys are applied by JSPS to enhance research quality, improve screening and assessment procedures, and design innovative programs.

38 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Program Enhancements Over past fiscal years, the Center has undertaken to make a (2) Proactive Dissemination of Information on Research number of improvements in its program. These include the Trends following: The results of the Center’s surveys on scientific research Support for University Reform trends are systematically reported on its homepage. (1) Public Relations Activities So as to foster a deeper understanding of the Center’s (3) Improvement of Examiner Selection System activities within Japan’s research community, briefings are Program officers analyze the performance of the examiners held at universities throughout Japan in addition to academic selected under each of JSPS’s programs, and apply the results meetings. to creating a fairer, more effective examiner selection system. of Researchers Fostering Next Generation International Collaborations

Briefing on recommendation/selection system for program officers, held at At a lecture meeting Hitotsubashi Memorial Hall

Website

http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-center/index.html Scientific Outreach

Program Groups and Their Senior Program Officers Science Systems Research Center for Program Groups Senior Program Officers Mio Kishimoto Humanities Yoshikazu Nakaji Kazuo Seiyama Social Sciences Kazuhiro Ueta Youichi Murakami Mathematical and Physical Sciences Shigeo Yoden Awards of Recognition Yoshio Okahata Chemistry Keiko Nishikawa Kazuhiro Kosuge Engineering Sciences Yozo Fujino Noriyuki Satoh Biological Sciences Toshihiko Hara Chieko Kai Agricultural Sciences Tsukasa Matsuda Shigeo Koyasu Appendix Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Science Yuzuru Kanakura Toshiro Hara Makoto Watanabe Interdisciplinary and Frontier Sciences Group Kazuhiro Kosuge

39 JSPS 2009-2010 Ⅶ Awards of Recognition 1 International Prize for Biology

Purpose The Prize was established to commemorate Emperor Showa’s sixtieth year of reign and his long devotion to biological research. To commemorate the 25th anniversary of the institution of the Prize this year, it has been decided to also offer tribute to the present Emperor His Majesty Emperor Akihito, who has strived over many years to advance the study taxonomy of gobioid fishes while contributing continuously to the developing of this Prize. The Prize is awarded to researchers who have attained records of world-class achievements in a selected field of biological research and have made landmark contributions to the advancement of science. Awarded each year is one prize consisting of a certificate of merit, a medal, and a purse of ¥10 million. Held at the Japan Academy in the fall of each year, the award ceremony is attended by Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress.

Website http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-biol/main.html

24th International Biology Prize Ceremony at Japan Academy (Dec 2008)

Recent Winners of the Prize

13th (1997) Plant Science Elliot M. Meyerowitz (U.S.A.) 14th (1998) Biology of Biodiversity Otto T. Solbrig (U.S.A.) 15th (1999) Animal Physiology Setsuro Ebashi (Japan) 16th (2000) Developmental Biology Seymour Benzer (U.S.A.) 17th (2001) Paleontology Harry B. Whittington (UK) 18th (2002) Biology of Evolution Masatoshi Nei (U.S.A.) 19th (2003) Cell Biology Shinya Inoue (U.S.A.) 20th (2004) Systematic Biology and Taxonomy Thomas Cavalier-Smith (UK) 21st (2005) Structural Biology in Fine Structure,Morphology and Morphogenesis Nam Hai Chua (Singapore) 22nd (2006) Chronobiology Serge Daan (Netherlands) 23rd (2007) Genetics David Swenson Hogness (U.S.A.) 24th (2008) Ecology George David Tilman (U.S.A)

40 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

2 JSPS Prize

Purpose

This Prize was established in FY 2004 to identify young researchers conducting superlative work and recognize their Support for University Reform efforts at an early stage in their careers. In doing so, it is meant to sustain the awardees’ motivation and encourage them in their endeavors, thereby cultivating Japanese researchers capable of making scientific breakthroughs.

Programs Website Each year, the Prize is awarded to researchers under age http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-jsps-prize/index.html

45 in all fields of research including the humanities, social of Researchers Fostering Next Generation sciences, and natural sciences. The Prize consists of a certificate of merit, a medal, and a purse of ¥1.1 million. Some of the recipients are also awarded the Japan Academy Medal. The ceremony is held at the Japan Academy in the presence of Their Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Akishino. International Collaborations

5th JSPS Prize Ceremony at Japan Academy (Mar 2009)

FY2008 JSPS Prize Awardees (*Japan Academy Medal Awardees) Scientific Outreach

Names Affiliation Research Topics Associate Professor, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Shin Arita Educational Structure and Social Stratification in Korea and Japan Tokyo Associate Professor, Graduate School of Language and Society, Hitotsubashi Asako Nakai English-Language Literatures and Postcolonial Criticism University Taiji Furusawa * Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University Game Theoretic Approach to International Political Economy Humanities and Social Sciences Noriko Miya * Assistant Professor, Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University Cultural Policy and Publishing Activities during the Mongol Period Kohei Itoh Professor, the Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University Establishment of Semiconductor Isotope Engineering

Kunio Inoue Professor, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Precision Measurement of Reactor Neutrino Oscillations Science Systems Research Center for Professor, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Masayuki Inoue Total Syntheses of Marine Polycyclic Ethers Tokyo Masahito Ueda Professor, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Theory of Ultracold Atomic Gases Hydrogen-Activation with Water-Soluble Metal-Aqua Complexes in Water Seiji Ogo Professor, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University under Ambient Conditions Naoki Kobayashi Professor, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University Type Theory for Software Verification Fundamental Research on Organic Transistors and their Applications to Takao Someya Associate Professor, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Large-Area Electronics Associate Professor, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The Univer-

Takeshi Tsuji * p-adic Hodge Theory and its Application Awards of Recognition

Engineering Sciences sity of Tokyo Nobuhiro Tsuji Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Study on Ultrafine Grained Metallic Materials Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, NTT Basic Research Laborato- Masaya Notomi * Discovery and Applications of Novel Functions of Photonic Crystals ries, Senior Research Scientist, Supervisor Mathematics; Physical Sciences; Chemistry; Chemistry; Sciences; Physical Mathematics; Professor, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Experimental Study of Earth and Planetary Materials at Ultra-High Pressure Kei Hirose Technology and Temperature Designated Associate Professor, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya Development of Pathogenesis-Based Therapy for Neurodegenerative Dis- Masahisa Katsuno University eases Professor, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Schuichi Koizumi * Glial Regulation of the Brain Function University of Yamanashi Elucidation of the Mechanisms of Vascular Dysfunction Leading to Cardio- Tatsuya Sawamura Director, Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center vascular Diseases Professor, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Establishment and Applications of Chromosome Analysis Technology Based Katsuhiko Shirahige Technology on Genomic Information Appendix Keiko U Torii Associate Professor, Department of Biology, University of Washington Mechanisms of Stomatal Patterning and Differentiation in Plants Osamu Nureki Professor, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Structural Basis for the Dynamic Mechanism of Genetic Code Translation Junn Yanagisawa Professor, TARA Center, University of Tsukuba Study of the Molecular Mechanisms for Energy Homeostasis in cells Dental, Pharmaceutical Sciences Seasonal Clock Percepts Coming of Spring in Vertebrate—Quail as a Model Takashi Yoshimura Professor, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Animal

Biological Sciences; Agricultural Sciences; Medical, Sciences; Agricultural Biological Sciences; Teruhiko Wakayama * Team Leader, Center for Developmental Biology, Riken Development of Novel Biotechnologies for Animal Reproduction

41 JSPS 2009-2010

Appendix

List of Programs

Program Outline Term Support Charge section Page 1-5 years Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Grant support for creative and pioneering research in fields of Research Aid (differs by Differs by category 4~8 Research (Kakenhi) humanities, social sciences and natural sciences Division Ⅰ, Ⅱ category) HIRAMEKI ☆ TOKIMEKI During period from SCIENCE (Welcome to a Visits to research labs by 5th/6th grade elementary school late July to late Research Aid University Research Lab- students and junior/senior high school students to learn about Up to ¥600,000 per program 9 January each fiscal Division Ⅰ Science That Inspires and results of leading-edge research year Inspirits) Program for Promoting University-Industry Methodological Innovation Support for advancing joint cross-disciplinary research in these Cooperation and in Humanities and Social As a rule, 3 years ¥5 or 10 million per year 10 Support Research Initiatives for fields Research Program . Sciences by Cross- Ⅰ Division Disciplinary Fusing

Program to strengthen education/research functions of Japanese Global COE Program universities (JSPS conducts application screening and project As a rule, 5 years Up to ¥50-300 million per year 11~12 evaluation)

Program for Enhancing Prioritized support for excellent, systematic graduate education Systematic Education in initiatives by universities (JSPS conducts application screening 3 years Up to ¥40 million per year 13 Graduate Schools and project evaluation) Program for Promoting Program to contribute to raising and guaranteeing the quality of University Education higher education in Japan (JSPS conducts application screening 2-3 years Up to ¥23 million per year 14 Reform and project evaluation) Project for Establishing Support for establishing internationalization hubs for raising the University-Industry Core Universities for quality of university education and creating an enhanced envi- As a rule, 5 years Up to ¥400 million per year Cooperation and 15 Internationalization ("Global ronment for international students (JSPS conducts application Research Program 30") screening and project evaluation) Division Concentrated support for a program to establish research centers World Premier International ¥500 million to ¥2 billion annually

search and Education of the highest world level (JSPS conducts application screening, As a rule, 10 years 16 Research Center Initiative per project project evaluation and program administration) Project research carried out based on policy mandates and Program for Area Studies societal needs to promote international exchange and make Up to ¥5 million to ¥20 million per 2-5 years 17 Based on Needs of Society international contributions (JSPS conducts project evaluation and year program administration) Program for Promoting Social science research conducted with aim to solve near-future

Support for University Reform-Enhancing the Quality of University Re - the Quality of University Reform-Enhancing Support University for Social Science Research problems facing Japan (JSPS conducts project evaluation and 3-5 years ¥15-25 million per year 17 Aimed at Solutions of Near- Ⅱ. Ⅱ. program administration) Future Problems Fellowship: ¥200,000 to 446,000 Providing fellowships for Japanese doctoral and master's students Research Fellowships for per month with excellent research abilities so they can dedicate themselves 2-3 years 18~19 Young Scientists Research grant: ¥1.5 to 3 million to their studies/research at universities/research institutions Research per year Fellowship Fellowship for excellent young Japanese researchers to concen- Roundtrip international airfare, Division

Fostering Next Next Fostering Postdoctoral Fellowships for Researchers Generation of Generation tration for a long period on their studies/research at an overseas 2 years maintenance allowance/research 19

Ⅲ. Ⅲ. Research Abroad university/institute grant ¥3.8-5.2 million per year Research Joint research: 1-3 Joint research: ¥1-5 million per Cooperation Funding for joint research and seminars carried out between years Bilateral Collaborations year Division Ⅰ 23 researchers from Japan and other countries Seminars: within 1 Seminars: ¥1-2.5 million Asian Program week Division Support for developing ability in young Japanese and French Research SAKURA Program researchers to start international joint research projects and to Within 2 years Up to ¥1 million per year Cooperation 23 build networks between them Division Ⅰ Research 14 days-2 years Roundtrip international airfare, Cooperation Researcher Exchanges Support for Japanese researchers to visit and engage in re- (differs by countries maintenance allowance (Differs Division Ⅰ 23 (Sending and Receiving) search/discussions with colleagues in other countries or agencies) by countries or agencies) Asian Program Division Integrated Action Integrated Action Initiatives: Research JSPS Core-to-Core Support for building research hubs that yield multilateral networks Initiatives: 2 years ¥10-20 million per year Cooperation 24 Program in leading-edge fields Strategic Research Strategic Research Networks: Division Ⅱ Networks: 3 years ¥10-30 million per year JSPS Bottom-Up International Joint Research Based on agreement with National Science Foundation, support Research Program---JSPS-NSF provided for international joint projects conducted in collaboration 3 years Up to ¥20 million per year Cooperation 24 International Collaborations with US researchers in the field of chemistry Division Ⅰ International Collaborations in Chemistry Ⅳ. Ⅳ. Roundtrip international airfare, RONPAKU (Dissertation Fellowships for Asian researchers to obtain a doctoral degree Up to 5 years maintenance allowance, host's 25 PhD) Program from Japanese universities allowance Funding for carrying out joint research and seminars in coopera- Asian CORE Program Up to 5 years Up to ¥12 million per year 26 tion with Asian research institutions Asian Program Asia-Africa Science Funding for carrying out joint research and seminars in coopera- Up to 3 years Up to ¥5 million per year Division 26 Platform Program tion with research institutions in Asian and African regions Joint research, seminars, and researcher exchanges funded by A3 Foresight Program As a rule, 3 years ¥30 million per 3 years 26 core agencies in Japan, China and Korea Funding for carrying out international joint research based on Core University Program 4-10 years ¥10-40 million per year 26 MoUs with Asian counterpart agencies

42 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research

Program Outline Tenure Support Charge section Page Meetings that give graduate students from the Asia-Pacific Domestic travel, food/lodging, HOPE Meetings opportunities to interact with each other, Nobel laureates and About 3 days 27 other participation costs other leading scientists

Flexible International Researcher exchanges and international meetings held in/outside Asian Program Support for University Reform Up to 1 year Up to ¥5 million 27 Exchanges Japan with Asian counterparts Division Select candidates for dispatch to developing countries by Dispatch of Science and As a rule, up to 2 surveying/analyzing joint research needs and matching 28 Technology Researchers years researchers to them Strategic Fund for Support for new programs to establish and advance campus-wide Research Establishing International 5 years from FY international strategies in 20 MEXT-designated universities and to ¥10-40 million per year Cooperation 29 Headquarters in Universities 2005 to 2009 build infrastructure for university internationalization Division Ⅰ (SiH) Support for young Japanese researchers to participate in Roundtrip international airfare, Frontiers of Science (FoS) FoS symposiums, where they lodge together and hold cross- 3 days domestic travel, maintenance 30 Symposiums disciplinary discussions on lending edge scientific topics with

including food/lodging of Researchers Fostering Next Generation peers from counterpart countries ESF-JSPS Frontier Science Support for young Japanese researchers to attend these Roundtrip international airfare, Research Conference Series for conferences, where they lodge together and hold discussions About 1week domestic travel, maintenance Cooperation 30 Young Researchers with European colleagues including food/lodging Division Ⅱ Roundtrip international airfare, Travel Grant for Attending Funding for Japanese doctoral students and postdocs to attend domestic travel, meeting About 1 week 30 Lindau Meetings Lindau Meetings participation costs including meintenance Intensive, short-term seminars for young Asian researchers to Asian Program Asia Science Seminars From 7-14 days Up to ¥10 million 30 receive training in leading-edge fields Division

International Training Research International Collaborations Funding to build and implement excellent programs for sending Program (ITP) for Young As a rule, 5 years Up to ¥20 million per year Cooperation 31 young Japanese researchers overseas to engage in research Researchers Division Ⅰ Support for establishing common curricula between Japanese Research Japanese-German and German universities, mutual dispatch of doctoral students As a rule, 3 years Up to ¥15 million per year Cooperation 31 Graduate Externship and faculty, and cross-instruction Division Ⅱ General: 12 to 24 months International Collaborations . JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships to invite excellent overseas researchers to Japanese North America/ Ⅳ Roundtrip airfare, maintenance Fellowships for Foreign universities/institutes to conduct joint research under guidance of Europe (short-term): 32~33 allowance, settling-in allowance Researchers Japanese hosts 1 to 12 months Summer program: 2 months

Short-term: 14-60 Scientific Outreach Roundtrip International airfare, JSPS Invitation Fellowships Fellowships to invite excellent overseas researchers to Japan to days maintenance allowance, domestic 34 for Research in Japan do joint research, give lectures, hold discussions, etc. Long-term: 2-10 research travel allowance months Roundtrip international airfare, JSPS Award for Eminent Program to invite researchers with distinguished records of As a rule, 1 year maintenance allowance, family Overseas 34 Scientists achievement to Japan to offer expert guidance and advice allowance Fellowship Division Exchange Program for East Asian Young Researchers— Support provided for young Asian researchers to engage in As a rule, 1 year Up to ¥10 million 34 Invitation from EAS-Member research at Japanese research institutions Countries

Invitational Training Program Support for projects that systematically invite overseas Science Systems Research Center for From Nov 2009 to for Advanced Japanese researchers to engage in cutting-edge research activities in About ¥30 million 34 Mar 2010 Research Institutes Japanese research institutions Opportunities provided to JSPS fellows to serve as volunteer Cost of teaching materials, Science Dialogue Program Ongoing 35 lecturers at Japanese high schools domestic travel International Scientific Partial support for holding international scientific meetings in Within fiscal year Up to ¥3.5 million 35 Meetings in Japan Japan Days attended Research Travel Grant for Academic Support for excellent Japanese researchers traveling abroad to Roundtrip international airfare, meetings (up to 7) Cooperation 35 Meetings attend international academic meetings maintenance allowance plus travel days Division Ⅱ

Joint research: Up Awards of Recognition Joint research: Up to ¥2.5 million Japan-China Medical Medically related joint research and seminars funded by to 2 years Asian Program per year 37 Exchange Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Seminars: within 1 Division Seminars: Up to ¥1.5 million week University-Industry Fujita Memorial Fund for Research grants for young researchers in surgical medicine, Cooperation and 1 year ¥1 million per project 37 Medical Research endowed by Fujita Memorial Fund for Medical Research Researsh Program Division Contributions collected under JSPS’s status as “special public- Scientific Outreach

. Proxy Collection of Funds interest promotion

Ⅴ JSPS act as proxy for organizers of international scientific to Support Holding corporation”: within Accounting

meetings, using its tax-exempt status in raising funds to hold such 37 Appendix International Scientific 2 years Division meetings Meetings Contributions collected as specified tax- exempt donations: within 1 year

*For funding details, please see each program's application guidelines.

43 JSPS 2009-2010

Appendix List of JSPS’s Overseas Counterpart Institutions (86 institutions in 44 countries and 2 international organizations)

Fellowships Bilateral Programs Multilateral Research Country Counterpart Institution Invitation Postdoctoral Researcher and Other Projects/ Region Fellowship Fellowship Exchanges Programs Seminars Bangladesh University Grants Commission (UGC) ○ ○ Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ○ ○ ○ Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) ○ ○ Ministry of Education P.R.C. (MOE) ○ ○ ○ China China Scholarship Council (CSC) ○ Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) ○ National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ○ ○ Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) ○ ○ Indian National Science Academy (INSA) ○ ○ India Department of Science and Technology (DST) ○ ○ ○ Asia Directorate General of Higher Education, Department of National Education (DGHE) ○ ○ Indonesia Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) ○ ○ Korea, Rep. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) ○ ○ ○ ○ Malaysia Vice-Chancellors’ Council of National Universities in Malaysia (VCC) ○ Mongolia Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (MECS) ○ Philippines Department of Science and Technology (DOST) ○ ○ Singapore National University of Singapore (NUS) ○ ○ Thailand National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) ○ ○ Vietnam Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) ○ ○ Australian Academy of Science (AAS) ○ ○ ○ Australia Australian Research Council (ARC) ○ ○ ○ Ministry of Research, Science and Technology (MoRST) ○ ○ ○ ○

Oceania New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) ○ ○ ○ Royal Society of New Zealand (RSNZ) ○ ○ ○ Egypt Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) ○ ○ South Africa National Research Foundation (NRF) ○ Africa Tunisia Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technology in Tunisia (MHESRT) ○ Federal Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF) ○ Austria Austrian Exchange Service (ÖAD) ○ Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ○ Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO) ○ ○ Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (FNRS) ○ ○ Bulgaria Ministry of Education and Science (MES) ○ ○ Czech Rep. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) ○ ○ ○ Denmark Universities Denmark (DU) ○ ○ Europe Estonia Estonian Science Foundation (ETF) ○ Finland Academy of Finland (AF) ○ ○ ○ Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ○

France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) ○ Miniistry of Foreign and European Affairs (MAEE) ○ ○ Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MESR) ○

44 South America North America Europe Region Organizations International Netherlands Switzerland Argentina Germany Romania Country Hungary Slovenia Slovakia Sweden Canada Norway Mexico Poland France Russia U.S.A. Spain Brazil Chile Italy UK Swiss NationalScienceFoundation (SNSF) Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research(SSF) Swedish Governmental Agencyfor Innovation Systems(VINNOVA) Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences(RSAS) Spanish NationalResearchCouncil(CSIC) ofHigherEducation,Scienceand Ministry Technology (MHEST) Slovak Academy ofSciences(SAS) Russian Foundation for BasicResearch(RFBR) National Authority for ScientificResearch(NASR) Polish Academy ofSciences(PAN) Research CouncilofNorway (RCN) OrganisationforNetherlands ScientificResearch(NWO) ofEducation,University andResearch(MUR) Italian Ministry National ResearchCouncil(CNR) ScholarshipBoard(HSB) Hungarian AcademyHungarian ofSciences(HAS) Max Planck Societyfor theAdvancement ofScience(MPG) ResearchFoundationGerman (DFG) (DAAD) AcademicExchangeService German Alexander von HumboldtFoundation (AvH) Agence NationaledelaRecherche(ANR) Institut desHautesÉtudesScientifiques(IHÉS) National Institutefor ResearchinComputerScienceandControl(INRIA) European ScienceFoundation (ESF) United NationsUniversity (UNU) Chilean NationalCommissionfor Scientificand Technological Research(CONICYT) National Councilfor Scientificand Technological Development (CNPq) Brazilian Academy ofSciences(ABC) National CouncilofScientificand Technological Research(CONICET) National Academy ofSciences(NAS) National InstitutesofHealth(NIH) National CancerInstitute(NCI) Social ScienceResearchCouncil(SSRC) National ScienceFoundation (NSF) National Councilfor Scienceand Technology (CONACYT) Canadian InstitutesofHealthResearch(CIHR) National ResearchCouncilCanada(NRC) Research CouncilofCanada(NSERC) Natural SciencesandEngineering Economic andSocialResearchCouncil(ESRC) Science & Technology Facilities Council(STFC) Research CouncilsUK(RCUK) Council British AcademyBritish Royal Society Counterpart Institution Counterpart Fellowship Invitation ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Fellowships Postdoctoral Fellowship ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Researcher Exchanges JSPS 2009 Bilateral Programs ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Seminars Research Projects/ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Multilateral and Other Programs ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ - 2010

Appendix

Initiatives

of Researchers of

Science Systems Science

Support for Research Research for Support

International Collaborations International Scientific Outreach Scientific Support for University Reform University for Support Awards of Recognition of Awards Fostering Next Generation Generation Next Fostering Research Center for for Center Research JSPS 2009-2010

Appendix

Map of JSPS Overseas Offices and Counterpart Institutions

JSPS Stockholm Office JSPS Bonn Office Denmark (DU) JSPS Strasbourg Office JSPS London Office Norway (RCN) JSPS Beijing Office Sweden (RSAS, VINNOVA, SSF) Netherlands India (INSA, DST) (NWO) Germany (AvH, DAAD, DFG, MPG) Mongolia (MECS) Belgium Finland (AF) (FWO, FNRS) JSPS San Francisco Office Estonia (ETF) Bangladesh (UGC) United Kingdom Poland (PAN) (Royal Society, British China Academy, British Council, Russia (RFBR) (CAS, CASS, MOE, CSC, CAMS, NSFC, MOST) Canada RCUK, STFC, ESRC) (NSERC, NRC, CIHR) France (CNRS, INSERM, INRA, Czech Rep. (ASCR) Korea, Rep. (NRF) U.S.A. MAEE, MESR, INRIA, IHÉS, ANR) Austria (BMWF, ÖAD, FWF) (NSF, SSRC, NCI, NIH, NAS) Slovakia (SAS) Switzerland (SNSF) Hungary (HAS, HSB) ESF JSPS TOKYO UN (UNU) JSPS Washington Office Spain (CSIC) Mexico(CONACYT) Tunisia (MHESRT) Vietnam (VAST) Italy (CNR, MUR) Thailand (NRCT) Egypt (MHESR) Slovenia (MHEST) Philippines (DOST) Bulgaria (MES) Malaysia (VCC) Romania (NASR) Singapore (NUS)

JSPS Cairo Research Station Indonesia (DGHE, LIPI) JSPS Nairobi Research Station

JSPS Bangkok Office Brazil(ABC,CNPq) South Africa (NRF) Chile(CONICYT)

Australia (AAS, ARC) Argentina(CONIET) New Zealand (MoRST, FRST, RSNZ)

Directors of Overseas Offices

Yuko Furukawa Yoichi Nakatani Keiichi Kodaira Hiroshi Sano Yuji Oishi Osuke Komazawa Ko Ikejima Hiroshi Fukunishi Seishi Takeda Hirotaka Sugawara London Office Strasbourg Office Bonn Office Stockholm Office Cairo Research Nairobi Research Bangkok Office Beijing Office San Francisco Washington Office Station Station Office

46 JSPS 2009-2010 Initiatives Support for Research Support for University Reform JSPS Stockholm Office JSPS Bonn Office Denmark (DU) JSPS Strasbourg Office JSPS London Office Norway (RCN) JSPS Beijing Office Sweden (RSAS, VINNOVA, SSF) Netherlands India (INSA, DST) (NWO) Germany (AvH, DAAD, DFG, MPG) Mongolia (MECS)

Belgium Finland (AF) of Researchers Fostering Next Generation (FWO, FNRS) JSPS San Francisco Office Estonia (ETF) Bangladesh (UGC) United Kingdom Poland (PAN) (Royal Society, British China Academy, British Council, Russia (RFBR) (CAS, CASS, MOE, CSC, CAMS, NSFC, MOST) Canada RCUK, STFC, ESRC) (NSERC, NRC, CIHR) France (CNRS, INSERM, INRA, Czech Rep. (ASCR) Korea, Rep. (NRF) U.S.A. MAEE, MESR, INRIA, IHÉS, ANR) Austria (BMWF, ÖAD, FWF) (NSF, SSRC, NCI, NIH, NAS) Slovakia (SAS) Switzerland (SNSF) Hungary (HAS, HSB) International Collaborations ESF JSPS TOKYO UN (UNU) JSPS Washington Office Spain (CSIC) Mexico(CONACYT) Tunisia (MHESRT) Vietnam (VAST) Italy (CNR, MUR) Thailand (NRCT) Egypt (MHESR) Slovenia (MHEST) Philippines (DOST) Bulgaria (MES) Malaysia (VCC) Scientific Outreach Romania (NASR) Singapore (NUS)

JSPS Cairo Research Station Indonesia (DGHE, LIPI) JSPS Nairobi Research Station

JSPS Bangkok Office Brazil(ABC,CNPq) South Africa (NRF)

Chile(CONICYT) Science Systems Research Center for

Australia (AAS, ARC) Argentina(CONIET) New Zealand (MoRST, FRST, RSNZ) Awards of Recognition

Directors of Overseas Offices Appendix Yuko Furukawa Yoichi Nakatani Keiichi Kodaira Hiroshi Sano Yuji Oishi Osuke Komazawa Ko Ikejima Hiroshi Fukunishi Seishi Takeda Hirotaka Sugawara London Office Strasbourg Office Bonn Office Stockholm Office Cairo Research Nairobi Research Bangkok Office Beijing Office San Francisco Washington Office Station Station Office