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Genetic Diversity in Campomanesia (MYRTACEAE) Estimated by Multivariate Analysis of the Phenotypic Characteristics

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Genetic Diversity in Campomanesia (MYRTACEAE) Estimated by Multivariate Analysis of the Phenotypic Characteristics Revista Ceres ISSN: 0034-737X [email protected] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brasil Canto Resende, Helder; Teixeira, Terezinha Aparecida Diversidade genética em Campomanesia (MYRTACEA) estimada por análise multivariada de características fenotípicas Revista Ceres, vol. 56, núm. 1, enero-febrero, 2009, pp. 85-92 Universidade Federal de Viçosa Vicosa, Brasil Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=305226702014 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto 56(1): 085-092,Genetic 2009 diversity in Campomanesia (MYRTACEAE) estimated by multivariaterevista analysis... Ceres85 ISSN 0034-737X Genetic diversity in Campomanesia (MYRTACEAE) estimated by multivariate analysis of the phenotypic characteristics Helder Canto Resende1, 2 Terezinha Aparecida Teixeira2, 3 ABSTRACT The Campomanesia sp. is a native fruit in the strict sense Cerrado. Although being traditionally used for either in natura consumption and the preparation of ice-creams, sweets and liqueurs, it is insufficiently explored under the economical viewpoint. Twenty one genotypes from a population representing the Campomanesia genus were studied in the strict sense Cerrado at Patrocínio county, State of Minas Gerais- Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate either the phenotypic diversity estimated by multivariate analysis and the morphological characteristics that are promising for improvement programs and germoplasm conservation collections of this shrub fruit. So, two species were identified in the area under study: C. adamantium and C. pubescens. The C. pubescens individuals showed more variations than the C. adamantium’. In this case, the C. pubescens species can provide more possibilities to be explored in the genetic breeding program. Although their few variations, the C. adamantium individuals also showed interesting characteristics to be evaluated. Key words: Campomanesia adamantium, Campomanesia pubescens, Gabiroba, Native fruit, Cerrado RESUMO Diversidade genética em Campomanesia (MYRTACEA) estimada por análise multivariada de características fenotípicas A gabiroba (Campomanesia sp.) é uma fruta nativa do Cerrado, utilizada tradicionalmente tanto no consumo in natura quanto para fabricação de sorvetes, doces e licores, mas ainda pouco explorada economicamente. Vinte e um genótipos de uma população representante do gênero Campomanesia foram estudados em uma área de Cerrado sentido restrito, no município de Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade fenotípica estima- da por análise multivariada, bem como as características morfológicas promissoras para programas de melhoramento e coleções de conservação de germoplasma dessa fruteira. Duas espécies foram identificadas na área de estudo: C. adamantium e C. pubescens. Os indivíduos de C. pubescens apresentaram mais variações que os de C. adamantium. Nesse caso, a espécie C. pubescens pode oferecer mais possibilidades de ser exploradas em um programa de melhora- mento genético. Apesar de poucas variações, os indivíduos de C. adamantium também mostraram interessantes características a serem exploradas. Palavras chave: Campomanesia adamantium, Campomanesia pubescens, Gabiroba, Fruta Nativa, Cerrado. Recebido para publicação em setembro de 2007 e aprovado em janeiro de 2009 1 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento - Departamento de Biologia Geral. Campus Universitário. 36570-000. Viçosa/MG. [email protected]. 2 Centro Universitário do Cerrado-Patrocínio. Rua Artur Botelho s/n. Campus Universitário. 38740-000. Patrocínio/MG. 3 Sistema Integrado de Ensino de Minas Gerais Ltda. Rua Cláudio Manoel, 1162. Funcionários. 30140-100 – Belo Horizonte/MG. 56(1): 085-092, 2009 revistaCeres 86 Helder Canto Resende & Terezinha Aparecida Teixeira INTRODUCTION Agriculture Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) that gather collections of the Brazilian native species, inclusi- The genus Campomanesia Ruiz & Pav. (Myrtaceae) ve the Campomanesia gender. According to Paiva and is a group of trees and shrubs member of the tribe Myrteae Valois (2001), when the species is wild genetic material D.C., the fleshy fruited Myrtaceae (Landrum, 1982). There has to be collected in the region of natural occurrence of are 29 species in the Campomanesia genus distributed the species. Those collects can contribute for the throughout neotropics from northeastern Argentina to enrichment of information about the existent genebanks the Trinidad island and from eastern coast of Brazil to besides turning possible the formation of new genebanks. the Peruvian Andes, Ecuador and Colombia (Rotman In comparative stricto sensu studies of the savannah 1976; Landrum, 1986, 1987, 2001; Kawazaki, 2000). vegetation in central Brazil, the Patrocínio and Paracatu According to Landrum (1986) only the species regions (MG) are distinguished for their natural Campomanesia speciosa Landrum, but is found in the biodiversity; however, they are subjected to strong Peruvian Andes. Most are found on northeastern and anthropic action due to the wide areas cropped with southeastern Brazil (Arantes & Monteiro, 2002). The coffee and soybean mainly, therefore suggesting the Brazilian Cerrado presents a great variety of this genus need for the establishment of conservation units in this that is popularly known as Gabiroba, Guaviroba, Guabiroba region (Felfili et al., 1998; Felfili & Felfili, 2001). or Guavira. It is widely distributed in the states of Bahia, The objective of this study was to assess the genetic Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do diversity in Campomanesia, estimated by multivariate Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Tocantins, Espírito Santo, analysis of phenotypic characteristics, in an area of strict Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul (Almeida et al., 1998). sense Cerrado in Patrocínio/MG, as well as to evaluate The Campomanesia planting has been recommended the morphological characteristics that are promising to for spoiled-area reflorestation projects (Hardt et al., 2006), the improvement programs and conservative collections and the species is observed in the floristic composition of of this fruit shrub. natural reclamation (Caldato et al., 1996). At least one species (Campomanesia xanthocarpa) shows antiulcerogenic effects already confirmed (Markman et al., MATERIAL AND METHODS 2004). Campomanesia individuals range from trees about The area under study is an altered strict sense Cerrado 15 m high to bushes shorter than 1 m (Landrum, 1986). in Patrocínio county- MG, Brazil, localized between the Studies concerning to the reproductive biology of C. coordinates (18o57’04.94"S/46o59’01.64"W and pubescens and C. velutina point out those species to be 18o57’21.33"S/46o58’22.64"W). The area was chosen selfcompatible, although the fruit establishment mainly because it presents variability of the Campomanesia occurs for crossed pollination. The flowers exhale phenotypic characteristics, little human disturbance, easy sweetened perfume and are always visited by bees of both access and the possibility of routine observation. The plants Apidae and Halictidae families, by distinguishing the Apis were marked and identified with numbered tags. The data mellifera and Melipona quadrifasciata, therefore collection visits to the field occurred monthly between May/ indicating the melliferous potential of the gender (Proença 2004 and September/2004, weekly between October/2004 & Gibbs 1994; Torezan & Del-Claro, 1998; Andena et al., and December/2004, daily at the peak of flowering and 2005). The fruit are usually yellowish green, yellow or orange fruiting and monthly between January/2005 and May/2005. in color. Populations from North and South America have The phenotypic characteristics were recorded to represent been reported as having black fruit (Landrum, 1986). the variability of the genotypes. The Campomanesia fruits are agriculturally important Forty characteristics were observed by assessing plant because they are wild hosts of the fruit flies (Thum & and reproductive structures. For the statistical analyses, Costa, 1999), and they are distinguished for their feeding twenty seven characteristics were evaluated as quantitative use. They can be consumed in natura or used to produce variables and thirteen as multicategorical ones (Table 1). juices, liqueur, ice cream and jam (Almeida, 1998), but they Field visualization was performed with the naked eye and have been used in an extractive and often predatory the leaf and fruit pilosity were visualized using a manner that shows the need to include these fruit trees in stereomicroscope. To obtaining the measures of the leaves, genetic breeding programs that can serve as a base for flower buds, open flowers, fruits and seeds, the calculation rational cropping. of the arithmetical averages of eight leaves, three buds, To start a program of genetic breeding of any plant five open flowers, 12 ripen fruits and 10 seeds in each plant species it is necessary to join the available genetic were accomplished. The data collected were used for the variability. Ferreira (2002) presents the Genebank network multivariate analysis using the GENES program version for tropical and subtropical fruits by the Brazilian 2006.4.1 (Cruz, 2006). revistaCeres Jan/Fev 2009 Genetic diversity in Campomanesia (MYRTACEAE) estimated by multivariate
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