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The Shallow-Water Crinoid Fauna of Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands: Ecological Observations, Interatoll Comparisons, and Zoogeographic Affinities!
Pacific Science (1985), vol. 39, no. 4 © 1987 by the Univers ity of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved The Shallow-Water Crinoid Fauna of Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands: Ecological Observations, Interatoll Comparisons, and Zoogeographic Affinities! D. L. ZMARZLy 2 ABSTRACT: Twelve species ofcomatulid crinoids in three families were found to inhabit reefs at Kwajalein Atoll during surveys conducted both day and night by divers using scuba gear. Eleven of the species represent new records for the atoll, and five are new for the Marshall Islands. A systematic resume of each species is presented, including observations on die! activity patterns, degree of exposure when active, and current requirements deduced from local distri butions. More than half of the species were strictly nocturnal. Densities of nocturnal populations were much higher than those typically observed during the day . Occurrence and distribution ofcrinoids about the atoll appeared to be influenced by prevailing currents. Some species, of predominantly cryptic and semicryptic habit by day, occurred at sites both with and without strong currents. While these species were able to survive in habitats where currents prevailed, they appeared not to require strong current flow. In contrast, the remaining species, predominantly large, fully exposed comasterids, were true rheophiles; these were found on seaward reefs and only on lagoon reefs in close proximity to tidal passes. Comparison of crinoid records between atolls in the Marshall Islands shows Kwajalein to have the highest diversity, although current disparities between atolls in the number of species recorded undoubtedly reflect to some extent differences in sampling effort and methods. Based on pooled records, a total of 14 shallow-water crinoid species is known for the Marshall Islands, compared with 21 for the Palau Archipelago and 55 for the Philippines. -
Modern and Ancient Hiatuses in the Pelagic Caps of Pacific Guyots and Seamounts and Internal Tides GEOSPHERE; V
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Modern and ancient hiatuses in the pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and internal tides GEOSPHERE; v. 11, no. 5 Neil C. Mitchell1, Harper L. Simmons2, and Caroline H. Lear3 1School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK doi:10.1130/GES00999.1 2School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, 129 O’Neill Building, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA 3School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK 10 figures CORRESPONDENCE: neil .mitchell@ manchester ABSTRACT landmasses were different. Furthermore, the maximum current is commonly .ac .uk more important locally than the mean current for resuspension and transport Incidences of nondeposition or erosion at the modern seabed and hiatuses of particles and thus for influencing the sedimentary record. The amplitudes CITATION: Mitchell, N.C., Simmons, H.L., and Lear, C.H., 2015, Modern and ancient hiatuses in the within the pelagic caps of guyots and seamounts are evaluated along with of current oscillations should therefore be of interest to paleoceanography, al- pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and paleotemperature and physiographic information to speculate on the charac- though they are not well known for the geological past. internal tides: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1590–1606, ter of late Cenozoic internal tidal waves in the upper Pacific Ocean. Drill-core Hiatuses in pelagic sediments of the deep abyssal ocean floor have been doi:10.1130/GES00999.1. and seismic reflection data are used to classify sediment at the drill sites as interpreted from sediment cores (Barron and Keller, 1982; Keller and Barron, having been accumulating or eroding or not being deposited in the recent 1983; Moore et al., 1978). -
Ages of Seamounts, Islands and Plateaus on the Pacific Plate Version 2.1 - 15 May 2004
Ages of seamounts, islands and plateaus on the Pacific plate version 2.1 - 15 May 2004 Valérie Clouard(1) and Alain Bonneville(2) [email protected] [email protected] (1) Departamento de Geofisica - U. de Chile Blanco Encalada 2002 / Casilla 2777 / Santiago / Chile Tel. : +56 2 678 42 96 / Fax: +56 2 696 86 86 (2) Lab. Géosciences Marines / Institut de Physique du Globe / CNRS 4, Place Jussieu/ 75252 Paris Cedex 05 / France Tel.:+33 1 44 27 68 94 / Fax: +33 1 44 27 99 69 This report presents a compilation of reliable dating of seamounts and islands of the Pacific plate (1300 samples). Paleomagnetic ages obtained from seamount magnetism have not been considered. We also do not consider foraminifers ages which only give minimum ages of seamounts. Only radiometric ages are thus considered, and Ar/Ar ages are preferred over K/Ar, when both exist at the same place. The following table presents the results of this compilation with the references of the selected data. An average age (as used in [1] and [2]) is proposed when several ages have been determined for the same volcanic stage, in this case the geographical coordinates are given only once on the line of the average age. When several volcanic stages exist for a same seamount or island, their ages are also presented with the same rule as above. NB: an ASCII file (ages_pacific_v2.1.dat) with only average ages and geographical coordinates is also available for plotting purposes. Averag Average Name (island, Long. E Latitude Age Error Island or seamount e age error seamount, plateau or Method Ref. -
Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 1995 Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots David K. Watkins University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Isabella Premoli Silva Università degli Studi di Milano Elisabetta Erba Università degli Studi di Milano, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Watkins, David K.; Silva, Isabella Premoli; and Erba, Elisabetta, "Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese- Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots" (1995). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 221. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/221 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 5. CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE MANGANESE-ENCRUSTED HARDGROUNDS FROM CENTRAL PACIFIC GUYOTS1 David K. Watkins,2 Isabella Premoli Silva,3 and Elisabetta Erba3 ABSTRACT Manganese-encrusted hardgrounds and associated sediments from four guyots in the western Pacific Ocean were investigated using lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic examination of thin sections. Biostratigraphic data from manganese-encrusted hard- grounds constrain the age of platform drowning to early middle Eocene for Limalok Guyot, latest Maastrichtian to early Paleocene for Wodejebato Guyot, and middle late Albian for MIT Guyot. -
Atoll Research Bulletin No. 342 Notes on the Birds Of
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 342 NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF KWAJALEIN ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS BY R. B. CLAPP ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. SEPTEMBER 1990 I Taongi 0 Bikar 3 iniwetok Ebon 0 I U Figure 1. Locati-on of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF KWAJALEIN ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS BY R. B. CLAPP Introduc t ion Kwajalein is a crescent-shaped atoll that lies between 09'25' and 08'40'~ and between 166°50' and 167O45'~,near the center of the western (Ralik) chain of the Marshall Islands (Figure 1). Composed of more than 90 islets, largely uninhabited, Kwajalein Atoll extends about 75 miles from southeast to northwest. It has a land area of about 6 square miles (3,854 acres) (Global Associates 1987), an increase of about 263 acres over the original area that was brought about by filling of land on Kwajalein, Roi-Namur, and Meck Islands. As of June 1987, the populatj on of the atoll was about 12,200 and composed of about 9,560 Marshallese and 2,639 non-indigenous persons affiliated with the U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) facility. The three islands of Ebeye (8,600; mostly Marshallese), Kwajalein (2,390) and Roi-Namur (249) hold over 90% of the population (Global Associates 1987). During March 1988, I made ornithological observations on ten islands (Fi-gure 2). Part of a survey requested by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the observations helped determine the terrestrial wild1ife resources of the atoll as base1 ine data for an environmental impact statement. -
Marshall Islands Chronology: 1944-1981
b , KARSHALL ISLANDS CHRONOLOGY - ERRATUM SHEET Page 12. column 1 and 2. “1955 - March 9 United Xations. .‘I and “May Enewetak . .” This should read. L956 - IMarch 9 United Nations..,“and IMay Enewetak .--*‘ Marshal ACHRONOLOGY: 1944-1981 LISRARY - ~ASHINCTGN, D.C. 2054-5 MICRONESIA SUPPORT COMlITTEE Honolulu, Hawalt F- ‘ifm ti R.EAD TICS ~RO?OLOGY: Weapons Testim--even numbered left hand pages 4-34; destruction of island home- Lands and radioactive wntamination of people, land and food sources. Resettlement of People--odd numbered right hand pages 5-39; the struggle to survive in exile. There is some necessary overlap for clarity; a list of sources used concludes the Chronology on pages 36 and 38. BIKINI ATOLL IN 1946, PRIOR TO THE START OF THE NUCLEAR TESTS. 1st edition publishe'dJuly 1978 2nd edition published August 1981 “?aRTlEGooDoFM ANKlND..~ Marshall Islands people have borne the brunt of U.S. military activity in Micronesia, from nuclear weapons experiments and missile testing to relocations of people and radio- active contamination of people and their environment. All, as an American military com- mder said of the Bikini teats, “for the good of mankind and to end all world wars.” Of eleven United Nations Trusteeships created after World War II, only Micronesia was designated a “strategic” trust, reflecting its military importance to the United States. Ihe U.N. agreement haa allowed the U.S. to use the islands for military purposes, while binding the U.S. to advance the well being of the people of Micronesia. Western nuclear powers have looked on the Pacific, because of its small isolated popu- lations, aa an “ideal” location to conduct nuclear activities unwanted In their own countries. -
Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 11/11/2020 3:57:37 PM TVS- Republic of the Marshall Islands PO Box 2 Majuro, MH 96960 September 24, 2020 The Honorable Deb Fischer Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services 454 Russell Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Martin Heinrich Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services 303 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear Chairperson Fischer and Ranking Member Heinrich, Warm greetings from the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and thank you for your continued leadership to ensure that the Compact of Free Association actively maintains our bilateral friendship and mutual commitments. We are writing to you today regarding the recent report by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) on the status of the Runit Dome on Enewetak Atoll. The report was submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives last June as required by Section 364 of Public Law 116-92, National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2020. The RMI welcomed the request in the NDAA for this report and we thank you and your colleagues in the Senate for your support for its inclusion. We note that there was an element in the original House version of the bill to ask the DOE to provide options for relocating the waste in the Runit Dome, but this was removed in the final version adopted by the Senate. We would be interested in revisiting this request in the future. -
Stratigraphy, Paleoceanography, and Evolution of Cretaceous Pacific Guyots: Relics from a Greenhouse Earth Hugh C
[AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE,VOL. 299, MAY, 1999, P. 341–392] STRATIGRAPHY, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, AND EVOLUTION OF CRETACEOUS PACIFIC GUYOTS: RELICS FROM A GREENHOUSE EARTH HUGH C. JENKYNS* and PAUL A. WILSON** ABSTRACT. Many guyots in the north Pacific are built of drowned Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates that rest on edifice basalt. Dating of these limestones, using strontium- and carbon-isotope stratigraphy, illustrates a number of events in the evolution of these carbonate platforms: local deposition of marine black shales during the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event; synchronous development of oolitic deposits during the Aptian; and drowning at different times during the Cretaceous (and Tertiary). Dating the youngest levels of these platform carbonate shows that the shallow-water systems drowned sequentially in the order in which plate-tectonic movement transported them into low latitudes south of the Equator (paleolati- tude ϳ0°-10° south). The chemistry of peri-equatorial waters, rich in upwelled nutrients and carbon dioxide, may have been a contributory factor to the suppression of carbonate precipitation on these platforms. However, oceanic anoxic events, thought to reflect high nutrient availability and increased produc- tivity of planktonic organic-walled and siliceous microfossils, did not occasion platform drowning. Neither is there any evidence that relative sealevel changes were the primary cause of platform drowning, which is consistent with the established resilience of shallow-water carbonate systems when influenced by such phenomena. Comparisons with paleotemperature data show that platform drowning took place closer to the Equator during cooler intervals, such as the early Albian and Maastrichtian, and farther south of the Equator during warmer periods such as Albian-Cenomanian boundary time and the mid-Eocene. -
DOE Runit Dome Report to Congress Signed June 2020
Report on the Status of the Runit Dome in the Marshall Islands Report to Congress June 2020 United States Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 Department of Energy | June 2020 Message from the Secretary The Department of Energy (DOE) is committed to fulfilling the United States’ commitments to the health and safety of the people of the Marshall Islands from the effects of the nuclear weapons testing conducted in the past. This is the DOE Report to Congress regarding the status of the Runit Dome in the Marshall Islands, as outlined in Section 364 of Public Law 116-92, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020. Pursuant to statutory requirements, this report is being provided to the following members of Congress: The Honorable James Inhofe Chairman, Senate Committee on Armed Services The Honorable Jack Reed Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Armed Services The Honorable Deb Fischer Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services The Honorable Martin Heinrich Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services The Honorable Adam Smith Chairman, House Committee on Armed Services The Honorable William “Mac” Thornberry Ranking Member, House Committee on Armed Services The Honorable Jim Cooper Chairman, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces House Committee on Armed Services The Honorable Michael Turner Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces House Committee on Armed Services Report on the Status of the Runit Dome in the Marshall Islands | Page i Department of Energy | June 2020 If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me or Mr. Shawn Affolter, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Senate Affairs, or Mr. -
Marine Resources Bibliography of the Marshall Islands
SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION MARINE RESOURCES BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS Masanami Izumi Produced with financial assistance from the Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation of Japan and the Government of the United Kingdom Noumea, New Caledonia 1992 437/92 ° Copyright South Pacific Commission, 1992 The South Pacific Commission authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, in any form, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Original text: English South Pacific Commission Cataloguing-in-publication data Izumi, Masanami Marine resources bibliography of the Marshall Islands 1. Marine resources—Marshall Islands—Bibliography I. Title 639.016 AACR2 ISBN 982-203-272-2 Prepared for publication and printed at South Pacific Commission Headquarters Noumea, New Caledonia, 1992 Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction v Location of references vii References listed by author 1 References listed by subject 49 Annual reports, quarterly reports, other reports and contributions 49 Aquaculture 51 Beche-de-mer and other echinoderms 53 Bibliographies 54 Bikini Atoll 55 Boats, boatbuilding and canoes 58 Charts, topography, maps and navigation 59 Crown-of-thorns starfish 62 Crustacea (crab, lobster, prawn) 62 Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and surveillance 64 Eniwetok (Enewetak) Atoll 65 Environment and conservation 74 Fish poisoning 77 Fisheries law and legal aspects 79 Foreign aid to marine resources 80 Giant clam 82 Kwajalein Atoll 83 Marine resource development , . 85 Marine resources, general description 90 Marine resource institutions 95 Meteorology 95 Nutrition 96 Oceanography 96 Ports and docks 99 Post harvest 100 Reefs 100 Resource management 103 Seaweeds 104 Statistics 106 Taxonomy 107 Traditional fishing and marine tenures 108 Training 109 Trochus, oysters and other molluscs 110 Tuna and tuna baitfish 112 Turtles 116 Miscellaneous 117 V INTRODUCTION In September 1991 the Government of the Marshall Islands requested assistance in compiling a bibliography of material relating to fisheries and marine resources of the Marshall Islands. -
CATCHING the DRIFT: Impacts of Oceanic Drift Material in the Marshall Islands
MICRONESIAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, nº 1/2 Combined Issue November 2006 CATCHING THE DRIFT: Impacts of Oceanic Drift Material in the Marshall Islands Nancy Vander Velde and Brian Vander Velde Majuro, Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands, situated in the Central Pacific, are far from any major landmass. However, by means of oceanic drift, they are connected with virtually all the Pacific. This paper reviews how the types of drift from various areas have impacted the lives of people on the Marshall Islands. The local language, canoe construction, tools, food, agriculture and other aspects of the culture have been influenced by oceanic drift, with the effects continuing to the present The Marshall Islands, located from between with the help of humans. All other plants likely 160º to 173º east and 4º to 14º north, lie thou- came by traveling the waves. sands kilometers in all directions from any ma- The proportion of plant species which likely jor mass of land. Geologically the 29 atolls and came through oceanic drift is quite high when 5 solitary coral islands1, which constitute this compared with other islands. After Krakatau country, are figured to be quite young, prob- was devastated in 1883, the restoration process ably only coming to a point where they could began a little over a year later with a “few be colonized by land species three- to four- blades of grass.” Although the nearest unaffec- thousand years ago. Furthermore, it was likely ted land was comparatively near, being only only about two-thousand years ago when hu- about 40 km away, early plant recolonization mans were able to colonize the land (NBTRMI consisted of many species which spread via 2000, pp. -
Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume
Sager, W.W., Winterer, E.L., Firth, J.V., et al., 1993 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Vol. 143 9. SITE 869l Shipboard Scientific Party2 HOLE 869A Principal results: Site 869 (proposed Site Syl-3) is situated 45 nmi (83 km) southwest of the atoll-guyot pair, Pikinni Atoll (formerly Bikini) and Wode- Date occupied: 3 May 1992 jebato Guyot (formerly Sylvania). Drilling at this location was planned to Date departed: 4 May 1992 provide a basinal reference section for comparison to Leg 144 drill holes on the summit of Wodejebato and prior drilling on Pikinni. Site-survey data Time on hole: 1 day 17 hr suggested that a thick, layered succession of sediments exists at the site that Position: ll°0.091'N, 164°44.969'E consists mainly of turbidites. Volcanic basement is not obvious in the Bottom felt (rig floor, m; drill-pipe measurement): 4837.8 site-survey seismic lines, so drilling was not expected to encounter basement basalt. Approximately 850 m of penetration was planned, and the expecta- Distance between rig floor and sea level (m): 11.1 tion was to bottom in Cretaceous volcaniclastics produced by constructional Water depth (drill-pipe measurement from sea level, m): 4826.7 volcanism on either or both Wodejebato and Pikinni. Total depth (rig floor, m): 5004.3 The location of Site 869, at 1 l°00.09'N, 164°45.02'E, was chosen on the seafloor adjacent to both Pikinni and Wodejebato, close enough to Penetration (m): 166.5 receive sediments shed mainly by these edifices, but far enough away so Number of cores (including cores with no recovery): 18 that both would contribute.