LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #1 If You're Going to Say It in Japanese, You Better Say It Right!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Grammar

# 1

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 黒川先生: おはよう、赤木さん、赤木くん。

2. まどか: おはようございます。

3. ケント: おはよう、黒川先生。

4. まどか: ケント、「ございます」。

5. ケント: ああ、ごめん、先生。おはようございます。

6. まどか: ケント、ケント、「すみません」。

KANA

1. くろかわせんせい: おはよう、あかぎさん、あかぎくん。

2. まどか: おはようございます。

3. ケント: おはよう、くろかわせんせい。

4. まどか: ケント、「ございます」。

5. ケント: ああ、ごめん、せんせい。おはようございます。

6. まどか: ケント、ケント、「すみません」。

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #1 - IF YOU'RE GOING TO SAY IT IN JAPANESE, YOU BETTER SAY IT RIGHT! 2 1. KUROKAWA Ohayō, Akagi-san, Akagi-kun. SENSEI:

2. MADOKA: Ohayō gozaimasu.

3. KENTO: Ohayō, Kurokawa-sensei.

4. MADOKA: Kento, "gozaimasu".

5. KENTO: Ā, gomen, sensei. Ohayou gozaimasu.

6. MADOKA: Kento, Kento, "sumimasen"

ENGLISH

1. MS. KUROKAWA: Good morning, Miss Akagi, Mr. Akagi.

2. MADOKA: Good morning.

3. KENTO: 'Morning, Ms. Kurokawa.

4. MADOKA: Kent, it's "Good morning."

5. KENTO: Ohh, sorry, Ms. Kurokawa. Good morning.

6. MADOKA: Kent, Kent, "I'm sorry."

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #1 - IF YOU'RE GOING TO SAY IT IN JAPANESE, YOU BETTER SAY IT RIGHT! 3 Good morning! おはよう おはよう Ohayō (informal)

Good morning おはようございます おはようございます Ohayō gozaimasu (formal)

先生 せんせい sensei teacher

ごめん ごめん ｇomen Sorry.

ごめんなさい ごめんなさい gomen nasai I'm sorry.

Excuse me, I'm すみません すみません sumimasen sorry, Thank you

SAMPLE SENTENCES

まさる君、おはよう！ 菊川社長おはようござます。 Masaru-kun, ohayō! Kikukawa-shachō ohayō gozaimasu.

Good morning, Masaru! Good morning, President Kikukawa.

先生に謝った。 遅れて、ごめん！ Sensei ni ayamatta. Okurete, gomen!

I apologized to the teacher. I'm sorry I'm late.

遅くなってごめんなさい。 すみません、黒川先生。 Osoku natte gomen nasai. Sumimasen, Kurokawa-sensei.

I'm sorry I'm late. I'm sorry, Ms. Kurokawa.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Comparing Formal and Inf ormal Japanese. おはよう、赤木さん、赤木くん。 "Good morning, Miss Akagi, Mr. Akagi."

In this lesson, we will take a look at some common set expressions and you will learn how they differ in formal and informal Japanese.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #1 - IF YOU'RE GOING TO SAY IT IN JAPANESE, YOU BETTER SAY IT RIGHT! 4 Formal vs. Inf ormal Japanese

Japanese is known for its varying levels of politeness. It's important to keep in mind who you are talking to and what their status level is compared to your own so that you know what level of Japanese is appropriate to use. Here, we will look at the informal versions of common expressions that you can with friends and peers.

Phrase in Formal Phrase in Inf ormal Japanese Japanese "English"

おはようございます おはよう Ohayō gozaimasu. Ohayō. "Good morning."

ありがとうございます ありがとう Arigatō gozaimasu. Arigatō. "Thank you."

ごめんなさい Gomen nasai. ごめん すみません "I'm sorry."/"Excuse me." Gomen. Sumimasen.

Let's take a look at some examples of how we use both forms in the dialogue. For Example:

1. 黒川先生：おはよう、赤木さん、赤木くん。 Kurokawa-sensei: Ohayo, Akagi-san, Akagi-kun.

2. まどか：おはようございます。 Madoka: Ohayō gozaimasu.

3. ケント：おはよう、黒川先生。 Kento: Ohayō, Kurokawa-sensei.

4. まどか：ケント、「ございます」。 Madoka: Kento, "gozaimasu."

Madoka used the correct, polite expression, ohayō gozaimasu (おはようございます). Kent slipped up, however, and used the informal version, ohayō (おはよう), with his teacher, which he shouldn't have. Madoka corrects him by telling him to add gozaimasu

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #1 - IF YOU'RE GOING TO SAY IT IN JAPANESE, YOU BETTER SAY IT RIGHT! 5 (ございます) when addressing the teacher.

For Example:

1. ケント：ああ、ごめん、先生。おはようございます。 Kento: Aa, gomen, sensei. Ohayō gozaimasu.

2. まどか：ケント、ケント、「すみません」。 Madoka: Kento, Kento, "sumimasen."

Here, Kent realizes his mistake and apologizes to the teacher. He uses the word gomen (ご めん), which is the informal version of gomen nasai (ごめんなさい) or sumimasen (すみま せん), and is not appropriate for using with a teacher. Madoka corrects him again by telling him to use the more polite sumimasen (すみません)。

Language Tip: Name Suf f ixes

In this first line of this dialogue, we saw Kurokawa-sensei address both Madoka and Kento using different name suffixes; she addressed Madoka using san (さん) and Kent using kun (くん). Let's review the different suffixes that we attach to first and last names in Japanese.

Suf f ix Romaji Explanation Examples

Similar to "Mr." or Kento-san "Mrs." or "Ms." in Madoka-san -さん -san English. (formal)

We usually use it after the names of boys or young men we are close with. -くん -kun Kento-kun We never use it toward our superiors.

We usually use it after the names of -ちゃん -chan girls and young Madoka-chan children. (informal)

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #1 - IF YOU'RE GOING TO SAY IT IN JAPANESE, YOU BETTER SAY IT RIGHT! 6 We use it after the names of teachers, doctors, and other -せんせい -sensei authority figures. Kurokawa-sensei We can also use it on its own. (formal)

Similar to san, but much more polite. We often use it Madoka-sama -さま -sama toward customers. (as a customer) (very formal)

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #1 - IF YOU'RE GOING TO SAY IT IN JAPANESE, YOU BETTER SAY IT RIGHT! 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #2 Have You Met My Japanese Friend?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Grammar

# 2

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. まどか: 白山君！

2. 白山: おお、まどかちゃん。おはよ。

3. まどか: 白山君、私のいとこ、ケント君。 ケント、これ、私の彼氏、白山君。

4. 白山: よろしく。

5. ケント: あ、よろしく。

KANA

1. まどか: しろやまくん！

2. しろやま: おお、まどかちゃん。おはよ。

3. まどか: しろやまくん、わたしのいとこ、ケントくん。 ケント、これ、わたしのかれし、しろやまくん。

4. しろやま: よろしく。

5. ケント: あ、よろしく。

ROMANIZATION

1. MADOKA: Shiroyama-kun!

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #2 - HAVE YOU MET MY JAPANESE FRIEND? 2 2. SHIROYAMA: Ō, Madoka-chan. Ohayo.

3. MADOKA: Shiroyama-kun, watashi no itoko, Kento-kun. Kento, kore, watashi no kareshi, Shiroyama-kun.

4. SHIROYAMA: Yoroshiku.

5. KENTO: A, yoroshiku.

ENGLISH

1. MADOKA: Shiroyama!

2. SHIROYAMA: Oh, Madoka. 'Morning.

3. MADOKA: Shiroyama, this is my cousin, Kent. Kent, this is my boyfriend, Shiroyama.

4. SHIROYAMA: Nice to meet you.

5. KENT: You too.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

Nice to meet you; please be kind to me よろしく よろしく yoroshiku as I will to you.

彼氏 かれし kareshi boyfriend

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #2 - HAVE YOU MET MY JAPANESE FRIEND? 3 name suffix often used for males 君 くん kun younger or of lower status than you

これ これ kore this

いとこ いとこ itoko cousin

私の わたしの watashi no my, mine

私 わたし watashi I, me

SAMPLE SENTENCES

わたしは、明子です。よろしく。 私の彼氏はサラリーマンです。 Watashi wa, Akiko desu. Yoroshiku. Watashi no kareshi wa sararī-man desu.

I'm Akiko. Nice to meet you. My boyfriend is a company employee.

田中君、こんにちは。 あれ？これは私のですか。 Tanaka-kun konnichiwa. Are? Kore wa watashi no desu ka.

Hello, Mr. Tanaka. Huh? Is this mine?

いとこがいない。 このかばんは私のです。 Itoko ga inai. Kono kaban wa watashi no desu.

I don't have any cousins. This bag is mine.

私はすずきです。 Watashi wa Suzuki desu.

I'm Suzuki.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Introducing Someone in a Casual Sit uat ion. 白山くん、私のいとこ、ケント君 Shiroyama-kun, wat ashi no it oko, Kent o-kun. "Shiroyama, t his is my cousin, Kent ."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #2 - HAVE YOU MET MY JAPANESE FRIEND? 4

In this lesson, we'll take a look at how to introduce someone in a casual situation. We'll also take a look at when we should use the particle の.

Introducing Someone in a Casual Sit uat ion

Let's take a look at how to introduce someone in a situation that does not require formal language.

In this dialogue, Madoko introduces Kent to her boyfriend, Shiroyama-kun. You may have noticed the lack of particles. When introducing someone in a casual situation such as the one in the conversation, it actually sounds more natural to leave out the particles. To introduce Kent to Shiroyama-kun, Madoka said Shiroyama-kun, watashi no itoko, Kento-kun (白山君、私のいとこ、ケント君。).

In this sentence, Madoka even leaves out words such as "this" (こちら) and the copula で す. Let's take a look at how we'd say this sentence in formal Japanese:

白山君、こちらは私のいとこのケント君です。 Shiroyama-kun, kochira wa watashi no itoko no Kento-kun desu

Once Kento and Shiroyama-kun have been introduced to each other, they say yoroshiku (よろしく), which is the casual version of yoroshiku onegai shimasu (よろしくおねがいし ます). In this case, it is the rough equivalent of "Nice to meet you" in English, although it has the nuance of "Please be nice to me" in Japanese.

Inf ormal Japanese Formal Japanese "English"

よろしく よろしくおねがいします (Yoroshiku.) (Yoroshiku onegai "Nice to meet you." shimasu.)

The Part icle の

We use the particle no (の) between two nouns to show that the first one possesses the second. Let's look at some examples.

For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #2 - HAVE YOU MET MY JAPANESE FRIEND? 5 Noun 1 の Noun 2 "English"

わたし の 名前 (Watashi) (no) (namae) "my name"

友達 の 家 (Tomodachi) (no) (ie) "friend's house"

ケント の お父さん (Kento) (no) (o-to-san) "Kent's father"

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. 白山君、私のいとこ、ケント君。 Shiroyama-kun, watashi no itoko, Kento-kun. "Shiroyama, this is my cousin, Kent."

Language Tip #1: おはよ ("Morning!")

When Shiroyama-kun saw Madoka in the morning, he said ohayo instead of the usual ohayō (with the elongated vowel). The full phrase in polite Japanese is ohayō gozaimasu, which we often shorten to ohayō in informal Japanese. Some people, however, shorten it even more by taking away the long vowel sound and just saying ohayo in extremely casual situations, just as Shiroyama-kun did. Because this does not fall under "standard Japanese," we recommend that you use ohayō gozaimasu or the shortened version, ohayō (with the long vowel).

Language Tip #2: Family Terms

In the dialogue, Madoka introduced Kent, who is her itoko, meaning "cousin." Let's take a look at other family-related terms. Here we have provided the regular terms (terms we use when referring to your own family members) and polite terms that we use when referring to someone else's family members. *We can use words marked with an asterisk to refer to members of your own family in informal situations.

"English" Regular Terms Polit e Terms

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #2 - HAVE YOU MET MY JAPANESE FRIEND? 6 "father" 父 chichi お父さん o-tō-san*

"mother" 母 haha お母さん o-kā-san*

"older brother" 兄 ani お兄さん o-nī-san*

"older sister" 姉 ane お姉さん o-nē-san*

"younger 弟 otōto 弟さん otōto-san brother"

"younger 妹 imōto 妹さん imōto-san sister"

"parents" 両親 ryōshin ご両親 go-ryōshin

"siblings" 兄弟 kyōdai ご兄弟 go-kyōdai

"son" 息子 musuko 息子さん musuko-san

"daughter" 娘 musume 娘さん musume-san

"child" 子供 kodomo お子さん o-ko-san

"cousin" いとこ itoko いとこ itoko

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #2 - HAVE YOU MET MY JAPANESE FRIEND? 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #3 Being Polite Is Not Just a Formality in Japanese

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar

# 3

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 黒川先生: みなさん。こちらは、赤木ケント君。

2. 赤木君のお父さんは、日本人。お母さんはイギリス人です。

3. 赤木君は赤木さんのいとこです。

4. (applause)

5. ケント: おれは・・・

6. 黒川先生: （Ahem）ぼくは・・・

7. ケント: ぼくは赤木ケントです。よろしくおねがいします。

KANA

1. くろかわせんせい: みなさん。こちらは、あかぎケントくん。 あかぎくんのおとうさんは、にほんじん。おかあさんはイギリスじ んです。 あかぎくんはあかぎさんのいとこです。

2. (applause)

3. ケント: おれは・・・

4. くろかわせんせい: （Ahem）ぼくは・・・

5. ケント: ぼくはあかぎケントです。よろしくおねがいします。

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #3 - BEING POLITE IS NOT JUST A FORMALITY IN JAPANESE 2 1. KUROKAWA Minasan.Kochira wa, Akagi Kento-kun. SENSEI: Akagi-kun no o-tō-san wa, nihonjin. O-kā-san wa igirisu-jin desu. Akagi-kun wa Akagi-san no itoko desu.

2. (applause)

3. KENTO: Ore wa...

4. KUROKAWA (Ahem) Boku wa... SENSEI:

5. KENTO: Boku wa Akagi Kento desu. Yoroshiku onegaishimasu.

ENGLISH

1. PROFESSOR Everyone, this is Kento Akagi. KUROKAWA: Mr. Akagi's father is Japanese, and his mother is English. Mr. Akagi is Miss Akagi's cousin.

2. (applause)

3. KENT: Hey, I'm...

4. PROFESSOR (ahem) I am... KUROKAWA:

5. KENT: Hello, I am Kento Akagi. It's very nice to meet you all.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

お父さん おとうさん o-tō-san father

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #3 - BEING POLITE IS NOT JUST A FORMALITY IN JAPANESE 3 日本人 にほんじん nihonjin Japanese (person)

お母さん おかあさん o-kā-san mother

English, British イギリス人 イギリスじん Igirisu-jin (nationality)

I, me [Used by men only. More casual 俺 おれ ore and vulgar than watashi or boku.]

僕 ぼく boku I (masculine)

SAMPLE SENTENCES

お父さんの仕事はパイロットです。 彼は日本人じゃありません。 O-tō-san no shigoto wa pairotto desu. Kare wa nihon-jin ja arimasen.

My father is a pilot. He is not Japanese.

お母さんの名前は奈々子です。 私はイギリス人です。 O-kā-san no namae wa Nanako desu. Watashi wa Igirisujin desu.

My mother's name is Nanako. I'm British.

俺は学生です。 僕は学生です。 Ore wa gakusei desu. Boku wa gakusei desu.

I'm a student.(informal/rough) I'm a student.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

Let's take a look at some other ways to say "I" (besides watashi) in Japanese.

Boku (ぼく) ⇒ Boku is mostly used by boys and men. This word is a masculine way to say "I". It is a bit more casual than watashi, but still acceptable to use even in formal situations.

Ore (おれ) ⇒ This word is also used by boys and men, like boku above. Ore is very casual and rough sounding, though, so please exercise caution when using it. Unlike boku, this cannot be used in formal situations.

GRAMMAR

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #3 - BEING POLITE IS NOT JUST A FORMALITY IN JAPANESE 4 The Focus of This Lesson Is Introducing Someone/Yourself in a Formal Sit uat ion. ぼくは赤木ケントです。 Boku wa Akagi Kent o desu. "Hello, I am Kent o Akagi."

In the last lesson, we looked at how to introduce yourself in a casual situation. This time, we'll look at how to introduce yourself or someone else in a more formal situation, including areas to be careful of.

Introducing Yourself or Someone Else in a Formal Sit uat ion

Let's look at how to introduce yourself or someone else in a formal situation.

When introducing someone else:

こちら は (name) です

Kochira wa (name) desu

When introducing yourself:

わたし／ぼく は (name) です

Watashi/boku wa (name) desu

Either gender can use watashi (わたし), while primarily boys and young men use boku (ぼ く). In the dialogue, Kent made a mistake by using ore (おれ), which is a pronoun males use that sounds quite rough that you should only use in very casual situations. After saying the word for "I," you need to say the topic-marking particle wa (は), your name, and then the copula desu (です), which is the equivalent of "am" in English.

After giving your name with this phrase, don't forget to add Dōzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu (どうぞよろしくおねがいします).

Examples f rom t he dialogue:

1. 黒川先生：みなさん。こちらは、赤木ケント君。 Kurokawa sensei: Mina-san. Kochira wa, Akagi Kento kun. "Professor Kurokawa: Everyone, this is Kento Akagi. "

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #3 - BEING POLITE IS NOT JUST A FORMALITY IN JAPANESE 5 2. ケント：ぼくは赤⽊ケントです。よろしくおねがいします。 Kento: Boku wa Akagi Kento desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu. "Kent: Hello, I am Kento Akagi. It's very nice to meet you all."

More examples:

1. こちらは、田中まゆみさんです。 Kochira wa Tanaka Mayumi-san desu. "This is Ms. Mayumi Tanaka."

2. こんにちは。わたしはケイトです。よろしくおねがいします。 Konnichiwa. Watashi wa Keito desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu. "Hello. I'm Kate. Nice to meet you."

Talking about Nationality

When introducing yourself in Japanese, it will be really helpful to know how to state your nationality. You can express your nationality by saying the name of the country you are from plus the word for person, jin (人).

[count ry name] + jin = nationality

Count ry jin Whole Japanese "English" Phrase

日本 人 日本人 "Japanese person"

イギリス 人 イギリス人 "English person"

アメリカ 人 アメリカ人 "American person"

イタリア 人 イタリア人 "Italian person"

Example f rom t he Dialogue

1. 赤木君のお父さんは、日本人。お母さんはイギリス人です。 Akagi-kun no o-tō-san wa, nihon-jin. O-kā-san wa igirisu-jin desu. "Mr. Akagi's father is Japanese, and his mother is English."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #3 - BEING POLITE IS NOT JUST A FORMALITY IN JAPANESE 6 Anot her example:

1. ぼくはマット・ヘンダーソンです。オーストラリア人です。よろしくおね がいします。 Boku wa Matto Hendāson desu. Ōsutoraria-jin desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu. "I'm Matt Henderson. I'm Australian. Nice to meet you."

Language Tip: The Part icle は

We write the particle wa, which we use to mark the topic of a sentence, using the character for ha (は) in hiragana. We still pronounce it wa, but we write it は. The direction particle e is similar in that we write it using the character for he (へ) in hiragana, but we pronounce it e.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #3 - BEING POLITE IS NOT JUST A FORMALITY IN JAPANESE 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #4 Are You Hungry Enough to Eat That Unidentified Japanese Food?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 4

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. （食堂）

2. ケント: ああ、腹へった。

3. まどか: ねぇ。私も、お腹へった。 いただきます。

4. ケント: いただきまーす。

5. (eats)

6. ケント: まどか、それ、そば？

7. まどか: うん、そば。 これ、山菜そば。

8. ケント: さんさい？

9. まどか: うん。

KANA

1. （しょくどう）

2. ケント: あ、はらへった。

3. まどか: ねぇ。わたしも、おなかへった。 いただきます。

4. ケント: いただきまーす。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 2 5. (eats)

6. ケント: まどか、それ、そば？

7. まどか: うん、そば。 これ、さんさいそば。

8. ケント: さんさい？

9. まどか: うん。

ROMANIZATION

1. (Shokudō)

2. KENTO: Ā, hara hetta.

3. MADOKA: Nē. Watashi mo, o-naka hetta. Itadakimasu.

4. KENTO: Itadakimāsu.

5. (eats)

6. KENTO: Madoka, sore, soba?

7. MADOKA: Un, soba. Kore, sansai soba.

8. KENTO: Sansai?

9. MADOKA: Un.

ENGLISH CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 3 1. (in the cafeteria)

2. KENT: Ahh... I'm so hungry.

3. MADOKA: Yeah, me too. Let's eat.

4. KENT: Let's eat!

5. (eats)

6. KENT: Madoka, is that soba?

7. MADOKA: Yup, soba. This is sansai soba.

8. KENT: Sansai?

9. MADOKA: Yup.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

そば そば soba buckwheat noodles

stomach, belly, 腹 はら hara abdomen

to decrease(past へった へった hetta tense)

これ これ kore this

それ それ sore that

wild mountain 山菜 さんさい sansai vegetables

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 4 食堂 しょくどう shokudō cafeteria

expression of gratitude before いただきます。 いただきます itadakimasu meals; let's eat

SAMPLE SENTENCES

私はそばが好きです。 腹が痛い。 Watashi wa soba ga suki desu. Hara ga itai.

I like buckwheat noodles. I have a stomachache.

ああ…腹減った。 これはマンゴーです。 Ā... hara hetta. Kore wa mangō desu.

Ohh... I'm starving. This is a mango.

それは、日本茶ですか。 山菜はとても美味しいです。 Sore wa nihon-cha desu ka. Sansai wa totemo oishii desu.

Is that Japanese tea? Wild mountain vegetables are really tasty.

私は、毎日学生食堂で食べる。 いただきます！ Watashi wa mainichi gakusei shokudō de taberu. Itadakimasu!

I eat at the student cafeteria every day. (Phrase said before eating a meal)

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

Hara hetta (はらへった) ⇒ In the dialogue, Kento used the phrase hara hetta (はらへった) when he was hungry. This phrase means the same thing as onaka hetta (おなかへった) or onaka suita (おなかすいた), which is "I'm hungry," but it is a much more informal phrase. Hara is an informal word for onaka ("stomach"), and hetta is the past tense form of the verb heru, which means "to decrease."

For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 5 1. ケント：あ～、はらへった。 Kento: A~ hara hetta. Kent: "Ahh...I'm so hungry."

Itadakimasu! (いただきます!) ⇒ This is set expression that you say before you eat. Originally, this verb means "to humbly receive." Basically, you're saying that you are about to receive the food you are going to eat. It's common to put your hands together when you say it.

Gochisōsama deshita! (ごちそうさまでした) ⇒ Whereas you use itadakimasu before a meal, you say this phrase after you finish eating a meal. It combines the word gochisō, meaning "feast," the polite suffix -sama, and the polite past copula, deshita. If you want to sound more casual, simply drop the deshita at the end and say gochisōsama!

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Using Ko-so-a-do Words t o Talk about What Somet hing Is.

それ、そば？ Sore, soba? "Is t hat soba?"

In this lesson, we're going to look at ko-so-a-do words and see how we use them to indicate what we are talking about.

Ko-so-a-do Words

Ko-so-a-do words (also known as "demonstrative words") are words that indicate what you are talking about. In Japanese, there are three main categories ("this," "that," and "that over there") and one category for questions. The prefix tells us a location:

• ko (こ) "here," "near" • so (そ) "there," "not far off"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 6 • a (あ) "there," "at a distance" • do (ど) [not location but a question marker]

The following words are stand-alone and cannot be followed by a noun.

Japanese Romanization "English"

これ kore "this (one)"

それ sore "that (one)"

あれ are "that (one over there)"

どれ dore "which (one)"

In casual Japanese, it is not necessary to use particles after these words. Let's see an example of how we use these words from the dialogue.

For Example:

1. まどか、それ、そば？ Madoka, sore, soba? "Madoka, is that soba?"

2. うん、そば。これ、⼭菜そば。 Un, soba. Kore, sansai soba. "Yup, soba. This is sansai soba."

Let's compare informal and formal speech:

Inf ormal Speech Formal Speech "English"

これ、そば。 これはそばです。 "This is soba (buckwheat Kore, soba. Kore wa soba desu. noodles)."

これ、そば？ これはそばですか。 Kore, soba? Kore wa soba desu ka? "Is this soba?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 7 In formal speech, you add the question-marking particle ka to the end of the sentence to form a question. In informal speech, however, people usually just use rising intonation to form a question.

Using t he Part icle ね t o Show Agreement

You may be familiar with using the particle ne (ね) at the end of a sentence to elicit agreement, as in あついですね。 ("It's hot, isn't it?") If you aren't familiar with this construction or need a review, we will cover it in the sixth lesson. In casual speech, we can use ne (ね) by itself in response to a statement that you agree with or that you identify with, like the statement "I know!" in English. It is common for female speakers to elongate the particle as in ne (ね〜), while male speakers usually just use a short ne (ね).

For Example:

1. このアイス、すごくおいしい！ Kono aisu, sugoku oishii! "This ice cream is so good!"

2. ね／ね〜！ [ Ne/Nē~! "I know!"/"Isn't it!?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #4 - ARE YOU HUNGRY ENOUGH TO EAT THAT UNIDENTIFIED JAPANESE FOOD? 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #5 Whoa, What's That in Your Japanese Lunchbox?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Grammar

# 5

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. ケント: 山菜は何？

2. まどか: うーん。。。山の野菜？

3. ケント: へー。それ、おいしい？

4. まどか: うん、まあまあ。 ケントのは何？カレー？

5. ケント: うん。カツカレー。

6. まどか: それ、おいしい？

7. ケント: うーん。いまいち。

KANA

1. ケント: さんさいはなに？

2. まどか: うーん。。。やまのやさい？

3. ケント: へー。それ、おいしい？

4. まどか: うん、まあまあ。 ケントのはなに？カレー？

5. ケント: うん。カツカレー。

6. まどか: それ、おいしい？

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #5 - WHOA, WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR JAPANESE LUNCHBOX? 2 7. ケント: うーん。いまいち。

ROMANIZATION

1. KENTO: Sansai wa nani?

2. MADOKA: Ūn... yama no yasai?

3. KENTO: Hē. Sore, oishii?

4. MADOKA: Un, māmā. Kento no wa nani? Karē?

5. KENTO: Un. Katsukarē.

6. MADOKA: Sore, oishii?

7. KENTO: Ūn. Imaichi.

ENGLISH

1. KENT: What's "sansai?"

2. MADOKA: Um...mountain vegetables?

3. KENT: Really? Is that tasty?

4. MADOKA: Mmm, it's so-so. What have you got? Curry?

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #5 - WHOA, WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR JAPANESE LUNCHBOX? 3 5. KENT: Mm, fried cutlet curry.

6. MADOKA: Is that tasty?

7. KENT: Mm. Not really.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

wild mountain 山菜 さんさい sansai vegetables

delicious, tasty; Adj おいしい おいしい oishii (i)

vegetable, 野菜 やさい yasai vegetables

カレー カレー karē curry

not very good, could いまいち いまいち imaichi be better

まあまあ まあまあ māmā so so, ok

SAMPLE SENTENCES

山菜はとても美味しいです。 これはとてもおいしいです。 Sansai wa totemo oishii desu. Kore wa totemo oishii desu.

Wild mountain vegetables are really tasty. This is very tasty.

私の子供は野菜がきらいです。 カレーが大好きです。 Watashi no kodomo wa yasai ga kirai desu. Karē ga daisuki desu.

My child hates vegetables. I love curry.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #5 - WHOA, WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR JAPANESE LUNCHBOX? 4 彼の歌はいまいちです。 ここのすしはまあまあです。 Kare no uta wa imaichi desu. Koko no sushi wa māmā desu.

His singing is not very good. The sushi at this place is so-so.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking What Somet hing Is in Inf ormal Japanese. これ（は）なに？ Kore (wa) nani? "What 's t his?"

In this lesson, we'll take a look at how to ask what something is in informal Japanese.

Asking What Somet hing Is

In earlier lessons, we learned that to ask "What is this?" we say Kore wa nan desu ka? (これ は何ですか) in formal Japanese. In casual Japanese, we shorten this phrase considerably as follows:

＿＿＿ wa nan desu ＿＿＿ は何です ka? Formal Japanese か？ "What is ＿＿＿?"

Inf ormal Japanese ＿＿＿ (wa) nani? ＿＿＿（は）何？ "What is ＿＿＿?"

In informal Japanese, we pronounce the word for "what" nani (何) when there is no copula after it. The topic-marking particle wa that comes before nani is also optional.

For Example:

1. 山菜は何？ Sansai wa nani? "What's 'sansai?'"

2. ケントのは何？カレー？ Kento no wa nani? Karē? "What have you got? Curry?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #5 - WHOA, WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR JAPANESE LUNCHBOX? 5 Expressing t hat Somet hing Is Neit her Good nor Bad

You are probably familiar with the adjectives for "good," ii (いい), and "bad," warui (悪い ). But how do you express that something is in the middle or that it leans slightly to one side of the spectrum? Let's take a look.

Japanese "English" Not es

まあまあ We use まあまあ when mā-mā "So-so." something is merely so-so.

We use いまいち to express that something いまいち "Not very good." "Iffy." isn't very good. It's a little imaichi worse than まあまあ.

For Example:

1. ケント：それ、おいしい？ Kento: Sore, oishii? Kento: "Is that tasty?" まどか：うん、まあまあ。 Madoka: Un, mā-mā. Madoka: "Mmm, it's so-so."

Language Tip: へー

In the dialogue, Kento's reaction was hē (へー) when Madoka told him that sansai was "mountain vegetables." This reaction is similar to "wow," "whoa," or "really?" in English, and we use it when someone is surprised or impressed. This is a very common Japanese reaction that will sound natural when used in casual conversation!

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #5 - WHOA, WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR JAPANESE LUNCHBOX? 6 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #6 Japan Isn't Far Away

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Grammar

# 6

COPYRIGHT © 2014 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. まどか: ここは、体育館。

2. ケント: ふーん。あまり、おおきくないね。

3. まどか: そうね。

4. ケント: あたらしい？

5. まどか: あたらしくない。ふるい。

6. ケント: へー。

7. まどか: で、そこはプール。

KANA

1. まどか: ここは、たいいくかん。

2. ケント: ふーん。あまり、おおきくないね。

3. まどか: そうね。

4. ケント: あたらしい？

5. まどか: あたらしくない。ふるい。

6. ケント: へー。

7. まどか: で、そこはプール。

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #6 - JAPAN ISN'T FAR AWAY 2 1. MADOKA: Koko wa, taiikukan.

2. KENTO: Fūn. Amari, ōkiku nai ne.

3. MADOKA: Sō ne.

4. JENTO: Atarashii?

5. MADOKA: Atarashiku nai. Furui.

6. KENTO: Hē.

7. MADOKA: De, soko wa pūru.

ENGLISH

1. MADOKA: This is the gymnasium.

2. KENT: Huh. It's not that big, is it?

3. MADOKA: I guess not.

4. KENT: Is it new?

5. MADOKA: It's not new. It's old.

6. KENT: Oh.

7. MADOKA: And over there's the swimming pool.

VOCABULARY

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #6 - JAPAN ISN'T FAR AWAY 3 Kanji Kana Romaji English

ここ ここ koko here

体育館 たいいくかん taiikukan gymnasium

大きい おおきい ōkii big, large, huge; i-Adj

新しい あたらしい atarashii new ;-i adjective

old (for inanimate 古い ふるい furui objects);-i adjective

プール プール pūru swimming pool

そこ そこ soko there, that place

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ここは竹下通りです。 体育館でバスケットをする。 Koko wa Takeshita dōri desu. Taikukan de basuketto o suru.

This is Takeshita Street. I play basketball at the gym.

アメリカは大きいです。 日曜日、新しい車を買います。 Amerika wa ōkii desu. Nichi-yōbi, atarashii kuruma o kaimasu.

The U.S. is huge. I'm going to buy a new car on Sunday.

あれは古い時計ですね。 プールをそうじします。 Are wa furui tokei desu ne. pūru o sōjishimasu.

That is an old clock, isn't it. I will clean the swimming pool.

毎週金曜日、プールで一時間泳ぎます。 そこは私の部屋です。 Maishū kin-yōbi, pūru de ichi-jikan oyogimasu. Soko wa watashi no heya desu.

I swim at the swimming pool for an hour every That is my room. Friday.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Negat ive Form of Adjectives: "Isn't ..."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #6 - JAPAN ISN'T FAR AWAY 4 ケント：ふーん。あまり、おおきくないね。 Fūn. Amari, ōkiku nai ne. "Huh. It 's not t hat big, is it ?"

In this lesson, we'll take a look at how to create the negative form of i-adjectives. The conjugation is the same for every i-adjective, which makes it very easy to learn and use.

Negat ive Form of Adject ives

In the dialogue, we saw some examples of i-adjectives in their negative form. To make an i-adjective negative, remove the last -i (い) and replace it with -kunai (くない). In informal Japanese, you don't need the copula.

For Example:

Adject ive "English" Negat ive Form "English"

atsui atsuku nai (あつい) "hot" (あつくない) "not hot"

samui samuku nai (さむい) "cold" (さむくない) "not cold"

chikai chikaku nai (ちかい) "close" (ちかくない) "not close"

tōi tōku nai (とおい) "far" (とおくない) "not far"

For Example:

1. あまり、おおきくないね。 Amari, ōkiku nai ne. "It's not that big, is it."

2. あたらしくない。ふるい。 Atarashiku nai. Furui. "It's not new. It's old."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #6 - JAPAN ISN'T FAR AWAY 5 You can use the word amari (あまり) along with an adjective in the negative form to soften your statement a little. It's similar to adding the word "really" or "very" to a negative phrase in English, as in "It's not really/very far," which sounds less assertive than "It's not far."

For Example:

1. とおくない。 Tōku nai. "It's not far." (sounds more assertive)

2. あまりとおくない。 Amari tōku nai. "It's not really far." (sounds a bit softer, less assertive)

Polit e Form: To make the negative form polite, simple add desu after -kunai or replace nai with arimasen.

Part icle ね as a Tag Quest ion

In previous Newbie lessons, you learned about using the particle ne (ね) to create a tag question. You can add the particle ne (ね) at the end of a sentence to elicit agreement from the listener. Let's look at how we use this particle in informal Japanese. Adjectives

Japanese Romanization "English"

あつい atsui "hot"

さむい samui "cold"

あつくない atsuku nai "not hot"

さむくない samuku nai "not cold"

Adding ね

Japanese Romanization "English"

あついね atsui ne "It's hot, isn't it?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #6 - JAPAN ISN'T FAR AWAY 6 さむいね samui ne "It's cold, isn't it?"

あつくないね atsukunai ne "It isn't hot, is it?"

さむくないね samukunai ne "It isn't cold, is it?"

For Example:

1. 今日はあまりさむくないね。 Kyo wa amari samuku nai ne. "It's not that cold today, is it."

Language Tip: Koko/Soko/Asoko

In the fourth Newbie lesson in this season, we went over Ko-so-a-do words, which we use to specify what someone is talking about. Let's look at another set of ko-so-a-do words.

Japanese Romanization "English"

ここ koko "here"

そこ soko "there"

あそこ asoko "over there"

どこ doko "Where?"

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. ここは、体育館。 Koko wa, taiikukan. "This is the gymnasium."

2. そこはプール。 Soko wa pūru. "Over there's the swimming pool."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #6 - JAPAN ISN'T FAR AWAY 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #7 That Japanese Model Isn't Just Pretty - She's Hot!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight

# 7

COPYRIGHT © 2014 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 青田えみ: まどか！

2. まどか: ああ、えみ先輩。こんにちは。

3. 青田えみ: 彼氏?

4. まどか: 彼氏じゃないです。いとこです。 ケント、こちら、青田エミ先輩。

5. ケント: はじめまして。ケントです。

6. 青田えみ: どーも。うわ～。ケント君、ハンサム～。

7. ケント: ハンサムじゃない。ふつう、ふつう。

8. まどか: ケント！敬語！

9. ケント: ああ、ハンサムじゃないです。ふつうです。

KANA

1. あおたえみ: まどか！

2. まどか: ああ、えみせんぱい。こんにちは。

3. あおたえみ: かれし?

4. まどか: かれしじゃないです。いとこです。 ケント、こちら、あおたエミせんぱい。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 2 5. ケント: はじめまして。ケントです。

6. あおたえみ: どーも。うわ~。ケントくん、ハンサム~。

7. ケント: ハンサムじゃない。ふつう、ふつう。

8. まどか: ケント！けいご！

9. ケント: ああ、ハンサムじゃないです。ふつうです。

ROMANIZATION

1. AOTA EMI: Madoka!

2. MADOKA: Ā, Emi senpai. Konnichiwa.

3. AOTA EMI: Kareshi?

4. MADOKA: Kareshi ja nai desu. Itoko desu. Kento, kochira, Aota Emi-senpai.

5. KENTO: Hajimemashite. Kento desu.

6. AOTA EMI: Dōmo. Uwa. Kento-kun, hansamu.

7. KENTO: Hansamu ja nai. Futsū, futsū.

8. MADOKA: Kento! Keigo!

9. KENTO: Ā, hansamu ja nai desu. Futsū desu.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 3 1. EMI AOTA: Madoka!

2. MADOKA: Oh, Emi-senpai. Hello.

3. EMI AOTA: Is this your boyfriend?

4. MADOKA: This isn't my boyfriend. He's my cousin. Kent, this is my senpai, Emi Aota.

5. KENT: It's nice to meet you. I'm Kent.

6. EMI AOTA: Same here! Wow, Kent, you're so HANDSOME!

7. KENT: Nah, not handsome, just average.

8. MADOKA: Kent! Speak politely!

9. KENT: Ah, I'm not handsome. I'm just average.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English Class

honorific language, terms 敬語 けいご keigo of respect

彼氏 かれし kareshi boyfriend noun

いとこ いとこ itoko cousin noun

handsome; na- ハンサム(な) はんさむ(な) hansamu(na) Adj

general, ふつう ふつう futsū ordinary, usual

先輩 せんぱい senpai senior, superior

SAMPLE SENTENCES JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 4 敬語はむずかしいです。 私の彼氏はサラリーマンです。 Keigo wa muzukashii desu. Watashi no kareshi wa sararī-man desu.

Honorific language is difficult. My boyfriend is a company employee.

いとこがいない。 彼女はハンサムな人が好きです。 Itoko ga inai. Kanojo wa hansamu na hito ga suki desu.

I don't have any cousins. She likes handsome guys.

たろうさんはふつうの人です。 こちらは先輩の田中さんです。 Taro san wa futsū no hito desu. Kochira wa senpai no Tanaka san desu.

Taro is an ordinary guy. This is a senior friend Mr. Tanaka.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Negat ive Form of Na Adject ives and Nouns. 彼氏じゃないです。いとこです。 Kareshi ja nai desu. It oko desu. "This isn't my boyf riend. He's my cousin."

In this lesson, you'll learn how to conjugate na adjectives and nouns. When making the negative form, they conjugate in the exact same way.

Negat ive Form of Na Adject ives and Nouns

In the last lesson, we went over the negative form of i adjectives, so in this lesson we will go over the negative form of na adjectives and nouns.

To create the negative form of na adjectives and nouns, we simply add the negative copula janai (じゃない) after it.

[Na adjective + janai] [Noun + janai]

Let's look at some different examples using common na adjectives.

Na Adject ive "English" Negat ive Form "English"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 5 kirei kirei janai "not clean"/ (きれい) "clean"/"pretty" (きれいじゃない) "not pretty" genki genki janai (げんき) "energetic," "fine" (げんきじゃない) "not energetic" hansamu (ハンサム hansamu janai (ハンサムじゃない ) "handsome" "not handsome" ) taihen taihen janai (たいへん) (たいへんじゃない "tough" "not tough" ) kantan kantan janai (かんたん) (かんたんじゃない "simple" "not simple" )

Let's look at some different examples using nouns.

Noun "English" Negat ive Form "English"

nihonjin nihonjin janai (日本人) "Japanese" (日本人じゃない) "not Japanese"

gakusei gakusei janai (学生) "student" (学生じゃない) "not a student"

sensei sensei janai (先生) "teacher" (先生じゃない) "not a teacher"

mizu mizu janai (水) "water" (水じゃない) "not water"

Polit e Form: To make the negative form polite, you simply add desu after janai. We saw this in the dialogue when Kent switched from casual Japanese to polite Japanese by changing hansamu janai to hansamu janai desu ("I'm not handsome").

Examples f rom This Dialogue

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 6 1. ハンサムじゃないです。ふつうです。 Hansamu ja nai desu. Futsū desu. "Ah, I'm not handsome. I'm just average."

2. 彼氏じゃないです。いとこです。 Kareshi janai desu. Itoko desu. "This isn't my boyfriend. He's my cousin."

Sample Sent ences

1. かんじはかんたんじゃない。 Kanji wa kantan janai. "Kanji is not easy."

2. 今日、先生は元気じゃない。 Kyo, sensei wa genki janai. "The teacher isn't feeling well today."

3. これは水じゃない。サイダーだ。 Kore wa mizu janai. Saida da. "This isn't water. It's cider."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Senpai/Kōhai and Keigo

Japanese society places a lot of importance on the social status of an individual in relation to others. One relationship that holds a lot of importance in society is that of the senpai and kōhai. A senpai is one's senior at a school, company, or organization and a kōhai is the junior. The senpai are expected to mentor and give guidance to their kōhai, and the kōhai are expected to obey their senpai and treat them with respect, which includes speaking to them in formal Japanese.

In the dialogue, Madoka reminded Kent to speak formally to Emi-senpai by saying Kento! Keigo! ("Kent! Speak politely!") In Japanese language teaching materials, keigo often refers to the ultra-polite forms of Japanese: sonkeigo (language we use to show respect toward others) and kenjōgo (language we use to show modesty). In regular Japanese conversation,

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 7 however, keigo can refer to speaking politely with desu/masu forms, as we see in this dialogue. Another word that refers to this type of polite speech is teineigo.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #7 - THAT JAPANESE MODEL ISN'T JUST PRETTY - SHE'S HOT! 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #8 Show Some Respect for Your Japanese Elders!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 8

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 黒川先生: 赤木君、赤木ケントくん。

2. ケント: なに？

3. 黒川先生: 「なに」じゃない、「なんですか」です。

4. ケント: すみません。 なんですか。先生。

5. 黒川先生: 大丈夫ですか。 授業は難しいですか。

6. ケント: 英語は難しくないです。 でも、他は・・・簡単じゃないです。

KANA

1. くろかわせんせい: あかぎくん、あかぎケントくん。

2. ケント: なに？

3. くろかわせんせい: 「なに」じゃない、「なんですか」です。

4. ケント: すみません。 なんですか。せんせい。

5. くろかわせんせい: だいじょうぶですか。 じゅぎょうはむずかしいですか。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 2 6. ケント: えいごはむずかしくないです。 でも、ほかは・・・かんたんじゃないです。

ROMANIZATION

1. KUROKAWA Akagi-kun, Akagi Kento-kun. SENSEI:

2. KENTO: Nani?

3. KUROKAWA "Nani" ja nai, "nan desu ka" desu. SENSEI:

4. KENTO: Sumimasen. Nan desu ka. Sensei.

5. KUROKAWA Daijōbu desu ka. SENSEI: Jugyō wa muzukashii desu ka.

6. KENTO: Eigo wa muzukashiku nai desu. Demo, hoka wa... kantan ja nai desu.

ENGLISH

1. MS. KUROKAWA: Akagi, Kent Akagi.

2. KENT: Yeah?

3. MS. KUROKAWA: It's not "Yeah," it's "Yes, what is it?"

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 3 4. KENT: I'm sorry. Yes, Ms. Kurokawa, what is it?

5. MS. KUROKAWA: How are you getting on? Are your classes difficult?

6. KENT: English isn't difficult. But the rest...aren't easy.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

授業 じゅぎょう jugyō class, lesson

先生 せんせい sensei teacher

OK, all right, no 大丈夫 だいじょうぶ daijōbu problem

英語 えいご eigo English language

難しい むずかしい muzukashii difficult :-i adjective

他 ほか hoka other

simple, easy :-na 簡単 かんたん kantan adjective

何 なに nani what

SAMPLE SENTENCES

日本語の授業が好きです。 鈴木先生は良い先生だ。 Nihongo no jugyō ga suki desu. Suzuki-sensei wa ii sensei da.

I like Japanese class. Mr. Suzuki is a good teacher.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 4 風邪ですか？大丈夫ですか？ 英語がわかりますか。 Kaze desu ka? Daijōbu desu ka? Eigo ga wakarimasu ka.

Do you have a cold? Are you all right? Do you understand English?

漢字は難しいです。 他の人はどこですか？ Kanji wa muzukashii desu. Hoka no hito wa doko desu ka?

Chinese characters are difficult. Where are the other people?

日本語は簡単ですか。 何を飲みますか。 Nihongo wa kantan desu ka. Nani o nomimasu ka.

Is Japanese easy? What would you like to drink?

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

大丈夫 (daijōbu): "All right," "no problem" The word daijōbu (大丈夫) is one of the most common words you will encounter in Japanese. It literally means "all right," or "no problem," and its exact meaning depends on the situation. When said with rising intonation, it becomes a question to ask if someone/something is all right. Please check the Language Tip at the end of the Lesson Notes for more information on this phrase.

英語 (eigo) - "English language" This is word means "English," as in the English language. The go (語) is a suffix meaning "language." Note that the word for "Japanese language," nihongo (日本語) is the word for "Japan" (nihon) plus the suffix go. This rule of country name plus 語 works for almost every country, but there are a few exceptions, eigo being one of them.

授業 (jugyō) - "class," "lesson" This word means "class" or "lesson," and we use it to refer to classes taken at school.

むずかしい (muzukashii) - "hard," "difficult" We use this word to express the idea that something is hard or difficult to do, but we also use it a lot to refuse a request. In Japanese, when people want to say that something can't be done or it is not possible, they may say that it is muzukashii。

GRAMMAR

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 5 The Focus of This Lesson Is Reviewing Formal and Inf ormal Speech. 「なに」じゃない、「なんですか」です。 "Nani" ja nai, "nan desu ka" desu. "It 's not 'yeah,' it 's 'yes, what is it ?'"

In this lesson, we'll review the differences between formal and informal speech.

Reviewing Formal and Inf ormal Speech

Let's quickly review formal and informal speech patterns in Japanese.

Formal Speech: Formal speech uses verbs in their -masu form. Adjectives and nouns are always followed by desu. We use formal speech with teachers, superiors, and those of higher social status. (If you have studied the previous Newbie Lessons, you are familiar with this type of speech).

Informal Speech: Informal speech uses verbs and adjectives in their dictionary form. We use informal speech with family, friends, peers (those of equal status), and those of lower status.

Let's take a look at some common everyday expressions in both styles of speech. For Example:

Inf ormal Japanese Formal Japanese "English"

Ohayo. Ohayo gozaimasu. (おはよう。) (おはようございます。) "Good morning."

Oyasumi. Oyasumi nasai. (おやすみ。) (おやすみなさい。) "Good night."

Gomen nasai. (ごめんなさい。) or Gomen. Sumimasen. "I'm sorry." (ごめん。) (すみません。)

Now, let's take a look at how we use adjectives and nouns in both styles of speech:

Construction Inf ormal Japanese Formal Japanese "English"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 6 muzukashii muzukashii desu I Adjective (むずかしい ) (むずかしいです) "difficult"

atsui atsui desu I Adjective (あつい) (あついです) "hot"

kantan (da) kantan desu Na Adjective (かんたん(だ)) (かんたんです) "simple"

shizuka (da) shizuka desu Na Adjective (しずか(だ)) (しずかです) "quiet"

soba (da) soba (desu) Noun (そば(だ)) (そばです) "soba noodles"

In formal Japanese, notice how adjectives and nouns are always followed by desu. In informal Japanese, we drop desu. Instead, after na adjectives and nouns, we can replace desu with da. Note that we cannot use da after i adjectives.

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. 黒川先生：大丈夫ですか。授業は難しいですか。 Kurokawa sensei: Daijōbu desu ka. Jugyō wa muzukashii desu ka. Ms. Kurokawa: "How are you getting on? Are your classes difficult?"

2. ケント：英語は難しくないです。でも、他は・・・簡単じゃないです。 Kento: Eigo wa muzukashiku nai desu. Demo, hoka wa...kantan ja nai desu. Kent: "English isn't difficult. But the rest...aren't easy."

Language Tip: Daijōbu (大丈夫) "All right ," "No problem"

The word daijōbu (大丈夫) is one of the most common words you will encounter in Japanese. It literally means "all right" or "no problem," and its exact meaning depends on the situation. When we say it with rising intonation, it becomes a question to ask whether someone/something is all right. For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 7 St at ement ("I'm/it 's Quest ion ("Are you/Is it okay") okay?")

Daijōbu. Daijōbu? Informal Japanese (大丈夫。) (大丈夫？)

Daijōbu desu. Daijōbu desu ka? Formal Japanese (大丈夫です。) (大丈夫ですか？)

Example f rom This Dialogue

1. 黒川先生：大丈夫ですか。授業は難しいですか。 Kurokawa sensei: Daijōbu desu ka. Jugyō wa muzukashii desu ka. Ms. Kurokawa: "How are you getting on? Are your classes difficult?"

Here, Ms. Kurokawa is asking Kent whether everything is all right in regards to his classes. If Kent wanted to say that everything was all right, he could simply reply with Daijōbu desu (大丈夫です.).

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #8 - SHOW SOME RESPECT FOR YOUR JAPANESE ELDERS! 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #9 Are You Coming or Going in Japanese?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Grammar # 9

COPYRIGHT © 2016 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. まどか: ただいま～。

2. ケント: ただいま～。

3. お母さん: おかえりなさい。

4. まどか: ・・・ママ今日・・・カレー？

5. お母さん: そう。ケント君、カレー好き？

6. ケント: あ・・・

7. お母さん: 嫌い？

8. ケント: 好き。・・・大好きです。

KANA

1. まどか: ただいま～。

2. ケント: ただいま～。

3. おかあさん: おかえりなさい。

4. まどか: ・・・ママきょう・・・カレー？

5. おかあさん: そう。ケントくん、カレーすき？

6. ケント: あ・・・

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #9 - ARE YOU COMING OR GOING IN JAPANESE? 2 7. おかあさん: きらい？

8. ケント: すき。・・・だいすきです。

ROMANIZATION

1. MADOKA: Tadaimā.

2. KENTO: Tadaimā.

3. O-KĀ-SAN: Okaerinasai.

4. MADOKA: ... Mama kyō... karē?

5. O-KĀ-SAN: Sō. Kento-kun, karē suki?

6. KENTO: A...

7. O-KĀ-SAN: Kirai?

8. KENTO: Suki.... daisuki desu.

ENGLISH

1. MADOKA: I'm home!

2. KENT: I'm home!

3. MOTHER: Welcome home.

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #9 - ARE YOU COMING OR GOING IN JAPANESE? 3 4. MADOKA: Mom...is it...curry today?

5. MOTHER: Yes. Kent, do you like curry?

6. KENT: Um...

7. MOTHER: You hate it?

8. KENT: I like it... I love it.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English Class

likable; na-Adj, 好き(な) すき（な） suki (na) to like

嫌い（な） きらい（な） kirai (na) dislike; na-adj.

to like very much, to love; 大好き(な) だいすき(な) daisuki(na) na-Adj

very dislikeable, だいきらい hate, hatred; na- 大嫌い（な） daikirai(na) （な） adj

I’m home; right ただいま ただいま tadaima now

Welcome back, おかえりなさい おかえりなさい Okaeri nasai welcome home expression

SAMPLE SENTENCES

この店が好きです。 私は悲しい映画が嫌いです。 Kono mise ga suki desu. Watashi wa kanashii eiga ga kirai desu.

I like this store. I hate sad movies.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #9 - ARE YOU COMING OR GOING IN JAPANESE? 4 私はカレーが大好きです。 みんなゴキブリが大嫌いです。 Watashi wa karē ga daisuki desu. Minna gokiburi ga daikirai desu.

I love curry. Everyone hates cockroaches.

ただいま。 お帰りなさい。 Tadaima. Okaerinasai.

I'm home. Welcome home.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Talking about Preferences wit h Na Adjectives. 好き。···大好きです。 "Kent : 'I like it ...I love it .'"

In this lesson, you'll learn about how to talk about things you like and don't like in Japanese. This is something Japanese people will often ask you in conversation, especially if you are going to be staying with a host family in Japan or going out to eat with Japanese friends.

Talking about Preferences

To talk about liking or not liking something, you first say the thing you're talking about, add the particle ga, and then the appropriate word to show your preference.

[thing] + ga + [pref erence word]

This chart shows you different examples of common words we use to show a preference. They are in order, with words showing a positive preference on top and words showing a negative preference on the bottom. The parentheses mean that the copula da is optional.

Japanese "English"

[thing] ga daisuki (da) ([thing] が だいすき(だ)) "I love [thing]"

[thing] ga suki (da) ([thing] (が すき(だ)) "I like [thing]"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #9 - ARE YOU COMING OR GOING IN JAPANESE? 5 [thing] ga suki janai ([thing] が すきじゃない) "I don't like [thing]"

[thing] ga kirai (da) ([thing] が きらい(だ)) "I hate [thing]"

[thing] ga daikirai (da) ([thing] が だいきらい(だ)) "I really hate [thing]"

Formal Form: We can easily create the formal form of any of these phrases by simply attaching desu to them.

Sample Sent ences

1. 犬がだいすき(だ)。 Inu ga daisuki (da). "I love dogs."

2. やさいがきらい(だ)。 Yasai ga kirai (da). "I hate vegetables."

Expressions f or Coming and Going

In Japanese, there are certain set expressions we say when you leave home and come back home. Let's take a look at what they are.

When Leaving Home

The Person Leaving Says: The Person St aying Says:

Itte kimasu! Itte rasshai! (いってきます！) (いってらっしゃい！)

This phrase literally means "I'll go and This phrase literally means "Go and come come back." back."

When Arriving Back Home

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #9 - ARE YOU COMING OR GOING IN JAPANESE? 6 The Person Coming back Says: The Person at Home Says:

Tadaima! (ただいま！) O-kaerinasai! / O-kaeri! (おかえりなさい！／ おかえり！)

This phrase literally means "Right now," This phrase literally means "Welcome as in "I've arrived just now." back!" O-kaeri is the informal way to say it.

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. まどか&ケント：ただいま〜。 Madoka & Kento: Tadaima~. "Madoka & Kent: 'I'm home!'"

2. お母さん：おかえりなさい。 O-kā-san: Okaerinasai. "Mother: 'Welcome home.'"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #9 - ARE YOU COMING OR GOING IN JAPANESE? 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #10 I Love Learning Japanese Too!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 10

COPYRIGHT © 2014 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. (電話）

2. お母さん: はい、赤木です。 あら。こんばんは。元気ですか？・・・ ええ。ケント君も元気ですよ。・・・ はーい。 ケント君、ケント君。お父さんから電話。

3. ケント: あ、もしもし？・・・ うん。元気。お父さんは？・・・ ふーん。お母さんも元気？

KANA

1. (でんわ）

2. おかあさん: はい、あかぎです。 あら。こんばんは。げんきですか？・・・ ええ。ケントくんもげんきですよ。・・・ はーい。 ケントくん、ケントくん。おとうさんからでんわ。

3. ケント: あ、もしもし？・・・ うん。げんき。おとうさんは？・・・ ふーん。おかあさんもげんき？

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #10 - I LOVE LEARNING JAPANESE TOO! 2 1. (denwa)

2. O-KĀ-SAN: Hai, Akagi desu. Ara. Konbanwa. Genki desu ka? ... Ē. Kento-kun mo genki desu yo.... Hāi. Kento-kun, Kento-kun. O-tō-san kara denwa.

3. KENTO: A, moshimoshi? ... Un. Genki. O-tō-san wa?... Fūn. O-kā-san mo genki?

ENGLISH

1. (Madoka's mother answers the phone)

2. MOTHER: Hello, this is the Akagi residence. Oh, hello. How are you?... Yes. Kent's also doing fine... All right. Kent, Kent. It's your father on the phone.

3. KENT: Oh, hello? ... Yeah. I'm fine. How are you, Dad? ... Hmmm. Is Mum good too?

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English Class

電話 でんわ denwa telephone noun

well, fine; 元気 げんき genki energy, health

お母さん おかあさん o-kā-san mother noun

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #10 - I LOVE LEARNING JAPANESE TOO! 3 お父さん おとうさん o-tō-san father noun

こんばんは こんばんは Konbanwa Good evening

hello (on the もしもし もしもし moshi moshi telephone)

うん うん un yeah, uh huh

ふーん ふーん fūn hmm, humph

SAMPLE SENTENCES

昨日家族に電話をしました。 A.「お元気ですか。」 Kinō kazoku ni denwa o shimashita. B.「はい、すごく元気です。」 A. Ogenki desu ka. I called my family yesterday. B. Hai, sugoku genki desu.

A: How are you? B: I'm great!

山田さんは元気な人です。 お母さんはお元気ですか。 Yamada-san wa genki na hito desu. O-kā-san wa o-genki desu ka.

Mr./Ms. Yamada is an energetic person. How's your mother?

お父さんはいつも仕事で忙しいです。 こんばんは。いらっしゃいませ。 O-tō-san wa itsumo shigoto de isogashii desu. Konbanwa. Irasshaimase.

My dad is always busy with work. Good evening. May I help you?

もしもし、坂本ですが、どちら様ですか。 うん、僕も行きたい。 Moshimoshi, Sakamoto desu ga, dochira sama Un, boku mo ikitai. desu ka. Yeah, I want to go, too! Hello, this is Sakamoto. May I ask who's speaking?

ああ、あれが新しい従業員か。。。ふーん。 Ā, are ga atarashii jūgyōin ka... fūn.

Oh, so that's the new employee? Hmmm.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #10 - I LOVE LEARNING JAPANESE TOO! 4 もしもし(Moshimoshi) - "Hello?" It is very common to answer the phone with the phrase moshi-moshi (もしもし). While this phrase is mostly used when answering the phone, we can also use it to get someone's attention when it looks like they are not paying attention or are spacing out, similar to "Hello~? Anybody there?" in English.

電話 (Denwa) – "phone," "phone call" This word means both "phone" and "phone call." It's important to remember that it refers to both.

元気 (genki) – "fine," "energetic" Genki is a word that means "fine" and "energetic." When you ask someone "How are you?" in Japanese, what you are really asking is "Are you fine/well?" (Genki desu ka?) When asking the same question in informal Japanese, you can simply ask Genki? (元気？) with rising intonation.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Part icles Mo and Kara. ケント君も元気ですよ。 Kent o-kun mo genki desu yo. "Kent 's also doing f ine."

In this lesson, we'll take a look at two very common particles in Japanese: mo (も), which means "also" or "too," and kara (から), which means "from."

The Part icle Mo (も)

When we use the particle mo in place of wa or ga, it means "too" or "also." Mo functions like wa/ga in that it comes after the item you are talking about. Sentences wit h Wa

For Example:

Japanese Romanization "English"

わたしはがくせい Watashi wa gakusei. "I'm a student."

これは水 Kore wa mizu. "This is water."

雨がきらい Ame ga kirai. "I hate rain."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #10 - I LOVE LEARNING JAPANESE TOO! 5 Sentences wit h Mo

For Example:

Japanese Romanization "English"

まどかもがくせい Madoka mo gakusei. "Madoka is also a student."

それも水 Sore mo mizu. "That's also water."

雪もきらい Yuki mo kirai. "I hate snow t oo."

Sample Sent ences

1. ケント君も元気ですよ。 Kento-kun mo genki desu yo. "Kent's also doing fine."

2. お父さんは？・・・ふーん。お母さんも元気？ O-tō-san wa?... fūn. O-kā-san mo genki? "How are you, Dad? Hmmm. How's Mum?"

The Part icle Kara (から)

The particle kara means "from" in English. It can follow any kind of noun (person/place/ thing). Note that the word order is opposite from that of English:

[ A kara = "f rom A" ]

Japanese Romanization "English"

日本から Nihon kara "from Japan"

１時から Ichi-ji kara "from one o'clock"

明日から Ashita kara "from tomorrow (starting tomorrow)"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #10 - I LOVE LEARNING JAPANESE TOO! 6 友達から Tomodachi kara "from a friend"

Sample Sent ence

1. ケント君。お父さんから電話。 Kento-kun. O-tō-san kara denwa. "Kent. It's your father on the phone."

Language Tip: Moshi-moshi ("Hello?")

It is very common to answer the phone with the phrase moshi-moshi (もしもし). While we mostly use this phrase when answering the phone, we can also use it to get someone's attention when it looks like he or she is not paying attention or is spacing out, similar to "Hello? Anybody there?" in English.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #10 - I LOVE LEARNING JAPANESE TOO! 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #11 We Know You're Busy, But There's Always Time for Japanese!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Grammar

# 11

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. ケント: 今？九時。 ・・・うん、午後九時半。イギリスは今、何時？ ・・・十二時半？午前？へー。 ・・・学校？うん、難しい。 英語は簡単だけど、他は難しいよ。 ・・・うん、楽しいよ。 まどかちゃんも、まどかちゃんの両親も、やさしいよ。 ・・・じゃあね。はい。おやすみ。

KANA

1. ケント: いま？くじ。 ・・・うん、ごご くじ はん。イギリスは いま、なんじ？ ・・・じゅうにじ はん？ごぜん？へー。 ・・・がっこう？うん、むずかしい。 えいごは かんたんだ けど、ほかは むずかしい よ。 ・・・うん、たのしいよ。 まどかちゃんも、まどかちゃんの りょうしんも、やさしい よ。 ・・・じゃあ ね。はい。おやすみ。

ROMANIZATION

1. KENTO: Ima? Ku-ji. ... un, gogo ku-ji-han. Igirisu wa ima, nan-ji? ... Jūni-ji-han? Gozen? Hē. ... gakkō? Un, muzukashii. Eigo wa kantan dakedo, hoka wa muzukashii yo.... Un, tanoshii yo. Madoka-chan mo, Madoka-chan no ryōshin mo, yasashii yo. ... jā ne. Hai. Oyasumi.

ENGLISH CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 2 1. KENT: Right now? It's nine o'clock... Yeah, nine-thirty P.M. What time is it now in England? Twelve-thirty?... In the morning? Wow... School? Yeah, it's tough. English is easy, but the rest are hard... Yeah, it's fun. Madoka and her parents are really kind... See ya. Okay. Good night.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

今 いま ima now, the present time

午前 ごぜん gozen a.m.

楽しい たのしい tanoshii enjoyable, fun; i-Adj

学校 がっこう gakkō school

けど けど kedo but, however

両親 りょうしん ryōshin parents

やさしい やさしい yasashii kind, gentle; i-Adj

'Night!; Good night おやすみ おやすみ oyasumi (informal)

SAMPLE SENTENCES

今、何時ですか。 午前九時に、新宿駅で会いましょう。 Ima, nan-ji desu ka. Gozen ku-ji ni, Shinjuku eki de aimashō.

What time is it now? Let's meet at Shinjuku station at 9AM.

ディズニーランドは楽しいです。 学校は家から、ちょっと遠いです。 Dizunīrando wa tanoshii desu. Gakkō wa ie kara, chotto tōi desu.

Disneyland is fun. The school is a bit far from my home.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 3 今日は暖かいけど、明日は寒いです。 両親の出身は成田です。 Kyō wa atatakai kedo, ashita wa samui desu. Ryōshin no shusshin wa Narita desu.

Today is warm but tomorrow will be cold. My parents are from Narita.

リューさんはやさしいです。 おやすみ、ママ！ Ryū-san wa yasashii desu. Oyasumi, mama!

Ryu is kind. 'Night, Mum!

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Telling Time and Asking t he Time in Japanese. マンチェスターは今、何時？ Manchesut ā wa ima, nan-ji? "What t ime is it now in Manchester?"

In this lesson, we'll look at how ask the time and tell time in Japanese and the conjunction kedo, meaning "but."

Asking and Telling Time Asking t he Time

In informal Japanese, you can ask the time by using the phrase we heard in the dialogue: Ima nanji? (今何時？) Ima (今) means "now," and nanji (何時) combines the characters for "what" (何, nan) and "time" (時, ji).

For Example:

1. 今何時？ Ima nanji? "What time is it (now)?"

Formal Form: To make this phrase formal, simply add desu ka (ですか) after the phrase.

Telling Time

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 4 Now let's take a look at how to tell time in Japanese. Hours For hours, we add ji (時) to the number. Please be careful of the special pronunciations of "four o'clock" (yo-ji) and "nine o'clock" (ku-ji).

Japanese Romaji "English"

一時 ichi-ji 1:00

二時 ni-ji 2:00

三時 san-ji 3:00

四時 yo-ji 4:00

五時 go-ji 5:00

六時 roku-ji 6:00

七時 shichi-ji 7:00

八時 hachi-ji 8:00

九時 ku-ji 9:00

十時 jū-ji 10:00

十一時 jūichi-ji 11:00

十二時 jūni-ji 12:00

Minut es For minutes, we add fun (分) to the number. Please watch out for the sound changes that take place after certain numbers.

Japanese Romaji "English"

一分 i-ppun "one minute"

二分 ni-fun "two minutes"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 5 三分 san-pun "three minutes"

四分 yon-pun "four minutes" yon-fun

五分 go-fun "five minutes"

六分 ro-ppun "six minutes"

七分 nana-fun "seven minutes"

八分 ha-ppun "eight minutes" hachi-fun

九分 kyū-fun "nine minutes"

十分 ju-ppun "ten minutes" ji-ppun

十五分 jūgo-fun "fifteen minutes"

三十分 or半 sanju-ppun or han "thirty minutes"

四十五分 yonjūgo-fun "forty-five minutes"

To indicate A.M. or P.M., we use the words gozen (午前) and gogo (午後). Please note that, unlike in English, these words come before the time.

For Example:

1. ケント： 今？八時。・・・うん、午後八時半。 Kento: Ima? Hachi-ji.... un, gogo hachi-ji-han. "Kent: Right now? It's eight o'clock... Yeah, eight-thirty P.M."

The Conjunction Kedo (け ど)

Let's take a look at the conjunction kedo (けど), which we use after a phrase. We translate it as "but" in English. As is the case with "but," when you use kedo, there should be some kind of contrast between the first and second phrase.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 6 [Phrase 1] + kedo + [Phrase 2] Let's look at the grammar rules for using kedo. Kedo can directly follow a verb in the plain or plain past form or an i adjective. When you use it with a na adjective or noun, however, you need the copula da (or its past tense form datta) in between. ● Verb in plain/plain past form + kedo ● i adjective + kedo ● na adjective + da/datta + kedo ● noun + da/datta + kedo

Phrase 1 けど Phrase 2 "English"

Hiragana wa kanji wa kantan da muzukashii. "Hiragana is easy, ひらがなはかんた kedo けど かんじはむずかし but kanji is hard." んだ い。

Karē wa karai カレ oishii. "Curry is spicy but delicious." ーはからい kedo けど おいしい。

O-tōsan wa o-kāsan wa nihonjin da igirisujin. "My dad is お父さんは日本人 kedo けど お母さんはイギリ Japanese, but my だ ス人。 mum is British."

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. 英語はかんたんだけど、他はむずかしいよ。 Eigo wa kantan dakedo, hoka wa muzukashii yo. "English is easy, but the rest are difficult."

Language Tip: The Part icle Yo

In the dialogue, we saw the sentence-ending particle yo Kent used:

ケント:うん、楽しいよ。 Kento: Un, tanoshii yo. "Kent: Yeah, it's fun."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 7 The speaker uses this sentence-ending particle to express a strong conviction about something or to declare something emphatically. When you use yo at the end of a sentence, the nuance is that you are telling the listeners something they do not know.

Sample Sent ence

1. ここのカレーはとてもおいしいよ。 Koko no karē wa totemo oishii yo. "This place's curry is really delicious, you know."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #11 - WE KNOW YOU'RE BUSY, BUT THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR JAPANESE! 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #12 Are You Cross-Examining Me in Japanese?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 12

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. まどか: ケント、明日の夜、ひま？

2. ケント: うん。でも、なんで。

3. まどか: 明日、ママの誕生日。

4. ケント: 何日？

5. まどか: ３月２０日。

6. ケント: はつか？

7. まどか: うん。にじゅうにち。 ケントのたんじょうびはいつ？

8. ケント: 7月１日。

9. まどか: ああ、ついたちね。

KANA

1. まどか: ケント、あしたのよる、ひま？

2. ケント: うん。でも、なんで。

3. まどか: あした、ママのたんじょうび。

4. ケント: なんにち？

5. まどか: さんがつはつか。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 2 6. ケント: はつか？

7. まどか: うん。にじゅうにち。 ケントのたんじょうびはいつ？

8. ケント: しちがいちにち。

9. まどか: ああ、ついたちね。

ROMANIZATION

1. MADOKA: Kento, ashita no yoru, hima?

2. KENTO: Un. Demo, nande.

3. MADOKA: Ashita, mama no tanjōbi.

4. KENTO: Nan-nichi?

5. MADOKA: San-gatsu hatsuka.

6. KENTO: Hatsuka?

7. MADOKA: Un. Nijū-nichi. Kento no tanjōbi wa itsu?

8. KENTO: Shichi-gatsu ichi-nichi.

9. MADOKA: Ā, tsuitachi ne.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 3 1. MADOKA: Kent, are you free tomorrow night?

2. KENT: Yeah, but why?

3. MADOKA: Tomorrow's my mom's birthday.

4. KENT: What day is it?

5. MADOKA: The twentieth [hatsuka] of March.

6. KENT: The twentieth [hatsuka]?

7. MADOKA: Yeah. The twentieth [nijū-nichi]. When's your birthday, Kent?

8. KENT: The first [ichi-nichi] of July.

9. MADOKA: Ah, the first [tsuitachi], right.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

明日 あした ashita tomorrow

夜 よる yoru evening, night

free (not busy), free 暇 ひま hima time (-na adjective)

mama, mum, mom, ママ ママ mama mummy, mommy

誕生日 たんじょうび tanjōbi birthday

twentieth day of the 二十日 はつか hatsuka month

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 4 一日 ついたち tsuitachi first day of the month

SAMPLE SENTENCES

明日は１２月２０日です。 今日の夜、暇ですか。 Ashita wa jūni-gatsu hatsuka desu. Kyō no yoru hima desu ka.

Tomorrow is December 20th. Are you free tonight?

日曜日は暇ですか。 ママはパパと映画をみます。 Nichi-yōbi wa hima desu ka. Mama wa papa to eiga o mimasu.

Are you free on Sunday? Mommy watches movies with Daddy.

誕生日はいつですか。 二月二十日は妹の誕生日です。 Tanjō-bi wa itsu desu ka. Ni-gatsu hatsuka wa imōto no tanjōbi desu.

When is your birthday? February 20th is my sister's birthday.

十一月一日は、私の誕生日です。

November 1st is my birthday.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

誕生日 (tanjōbi) – "birthday" This word means "birthday." It is made up of two parts just like the English word: tanjō (誕生), meaning "birth," and bi (from hi, 日) meaning "day."

明日 (ashita) – "tomorrow" This word combines the kanji for "bright" and "day" and means "tomorrow." Please check the Language Tip at the end of the lesson notes for similar time expressions.

ひま (hima) – "free," "free time" Hima (ひま) means "free," as in "not busy," or "free time". This word is both an na-adjective and a noun. If someone asks you hima? (ひま？), they are asking if you are free/have any free time. This is a good question to ask someone before you invite him or her to do something!

GRAMMAR

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 5 The Focus of This Lesson Is Quest ion Words. ケントの誕生日はいつ？ Kent o no t anjōbi wa it su? "When's your birt hday, Kent ?"

In this lesson, you'll learn some important question words in Japanese. One thing that is very important to know how to do in a foreign language is ask questions! You'll learn how you can ask your friends simple questions in Japanese.

Quest ion Words

Let's take a look at some common question words in Japanese.

Japanese Romanization "English"

何 nan/nani "What?"

いつ itsu "When?"

どこ doko "Where?"

どう dō "How?"

なんで／どうして nande/dōshite "Why?"

だれ dare "Who?"

Formal Form: You can add desu ka (ですか) after any question word to make that question polite. When using one of these words in informal conversation, you only need to use rising intonation to make it a question.

For Example:

1. なに？↑ Nani? ↑ "What?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 6 2. いつ？↑ Itsu? ↑ "When?"

3. どこ？↑ Doko? ↑ "Where?"

4. どう？↑ Dō? ↑ "How?" and so on. When using a question word in a sentence, note that the question word comes at the END of the sentence. Please be careful because this is opposite from English, where the question words come in the beginning. Examine the following examples.

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. ケント： でも、なんで。 Kento: Demo, nande. "Kent: But why?"

2. まどか： ケントのたんじょうびはいつ？ Madoka: Kento no tanjōbi wa it su? "Madoka: When's your birthday, Kent?"

Sample Sent ences

1. パーティーはいつ？↑ Pātī wa it su? "When's the party?"

2. あの人、だれ？↑ Ano hito, dare? "Who's that person?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 7 Time Expressions

In the dialogue, we saw the word for "tomorrow," ashita (明日). Let's look at some other related vocabulary, known as relative time expressions.

Japanese Romanization "English"

昨日 kinō "yesterday"

今日 kyō "today"

明日 ashita "tomorrow"

Note that all three of these words have irregular kanji readings.

For Example:

1. まどか：ケント、明日の夜、暇？ Madoka: Kento, ashita no yoru, hima? "Madoka: Kent, are you free tomorrow night?"

2. まどか：明日、ママの誕生日。 Madoka: Ashita, mama no tanjōbi. "Madoka: Tomorrow's my mom's birthday."

Sample Sent ences

1. 今日、さむいね！ Kyō, samui ne! "It's cold today, huh!"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #12 - ARE YOU CROSS-EXAMINING ME IN JAPANESE? 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #13 Want to Shop for Birthday Presents in Japan?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 13

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. (花屋）

2. 店員: いらっしゃいませ。

3. ケント: これ、ください。

4. （ケーキ屋）

5. 店員: いらっしゃいませ。

6. まどか: すみません。 このチョコレートケーキを二つ、このチーズケーキを三つくださ い。

7. 店員: チョコレートケーキを二つとチーズケーキを三つですね。

8. まどか: はい。

KANA

1. (はなや）

2. てんいん: いらっしゃいませ。

3. ケント: これ、ください。

4. （ケーキや）

5. てんいん: いらっしゃいませ。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 2 6. まどか: すみません。 このチョコレートケーキをふたつ、このチーズケーキをみっつくだ さい。

7. てんいん: チョコレートケーキをふたつとチーズケーキをみっつですね。

8. まどか: はい。

ROMANIZATION

1. (Hanaya)

2. TEN'IN: Irasshaimase.

3. KENTO: Kore, kudasai.

4. (Kēki ya)

5. TEN'IN: Irasshaimase.

6. MADOKA: Sumimasen. Kono chokorēto kēki o futatsu, kono chīzukēki o mittsu kudasai.

7. TEN'IN: Chokorēto kēki o futatsu to chīzukēki o mittsu desu ne.

8. MADOKA: Hai.

ENGLISH

1. (At the flower shop)

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 3 2. SHOP Welcome. ASSISTANT:

3. KENT: I'll take these, please.

4. (At the cake shop)

5. SHOP Welcome. ASSISTANT:

6. MADOKA: Excuse me. Two of these chocolate cakes and three of these cheesecakes, please.

7. SHOP Two chocolate cakes and three cheesecakes, right? ASSISTANT:

8. MADOKA: Yes.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

花屋 はなや hana-ya flower shop, florist

ケーキ ケーキ kēki cake

Welcome; May I help いらっしゃいませ いらっしゃいませ irasshaimase you?

チョコレート チョコレート chokorēto chocolate

SAMPLE SENTENCES

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 4 花屋はどこですか。 ケーキが大好きです。 Hana-ya wa doko desu ka. Kēki ga daisuki desu.

Where's the florist? I love cake.

A「いらっしゃいませ。」 B「これ下さ チーズケーキとチョコレートケーキを買っ い。」 た。 A: Irasshaimase. B: kore kudasai. Chīzukēki to chokorēto kēki o katta.

A: May I help you? B:I'll take this. I bought cheese cake and chocolate cake.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE irasshaimase (いらっしゃいませ) We often use the expression irasshaimase at shops, restaurants, and places of business to welcome guests and customers to the establishment. The expression can mean "Welcome" or "Hello. May I help you?" and the entire staff often says it when a patron enters an establishment. A more informal variation is irasshai, which we can use to welcome guests to a home or to more informal business establishments.

-ya (屋) -Ya (屋) is a suffix that means "shop" or "store" and attaches to the name of an item to mean a shop that sells that item. For example, hana (花) means "flower," so a hana-ya (花屋) is a "flower shop." Kēki (ケーキ) is "cake," so a kēki-ya (ケーキ屋) is "shop that sells cake." Note that we cannot use ya (屋) as a standalone word. The actual word for a shop is mise (店). ten'in (店員) Ten'in (店員) means "shop clerk" and refers to someone who works at a store or a restaurant. When using this word in conversation, it is common to attach the polite name suffix -san and say ten'in-san (店員さん).

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Going Shopping f or a Birt hday Present . これ、ください。 Kore, kudasai. "I'll t ake t hese, please."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 5 In this lesson, you'll learn how to ask for something politely at a shop or restaurant using the simple phrase [it em] kudasai. You'll also learn the set of general counters we use to count everyday objects so that you can specify how many of each item you want.

Asking f or Somet hing Using Kudasai (く ださい)

In the dialogue, Kent asked for flowers at the flower shop using the following phrase.

1. ケント：これ、ください。 Kento: Kore, kudasai. Kent: "I'll take these."

As we learned before, kore is a word that means "this" or "these." Kudasai is a word that means "please." We can also put the object-marking particle o between kore and kudasai: kore o kudasai. This particle is optional, however. In the dialogue, Kent used the word kore ("this"), and we can assume he was pointing to the items he was talking about. We can replace the word kore with the actual name of the object if it is not otherwise clear what you're talking about.

Format ion

⇒ [ object ] + (part icle o) + kudasai

Object You Want ...(o) kudasai

これ (kore) "this" （を）ください。

そば (soba) "soba" （を）ください。

お水 (o-mizu) "water" （を）ください。

メニュー (menyū) "menu" （を）ください。

Examples f rom This Dialogue

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 6 1. まどか：このチーズケーキを三つください。 Madoka: Kono chīzukēki o mittsu kudasai. Madoka: "Three of these cheesecakes, please."

Count ing Object s Using a General Count er

In the dialogue, Madoka bought cakes from a cake shop, specifying how much of each item she wanted. We'll go over some important expressions we use for buying something, such as counters to specify the number of items you want.

Japanese has many different kinds of counters, which are words that we use to count objects according to size and shape. Here we'll introduce you to the most basic, general counters that we can use to count anything. Counters f or General Objects

Japanese Romaji "English"

一つ hitotsu "one (object)"

二つ futatsu "two (objects)"

三つ mittsu "three (objects)"

四つ yottsu "four (objects)"

五つ itsutsu "five (objects)"

六つ muttsu "six (objects)"

七つ nanatsu "seven (objects)"

八つ yattsu "eight (objects)"

九つ kokonotsu "nine (objects)"

十 tō "ten (objects)"

いくつ ikutsu "how many (objects)?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 7 We can combine these counters with the word above, kudasai, to specify how many of a certain item we want. When we use them together, the counter comes right before the word kudasai. Again, the particle o is optional.

Format ion

[object ] + (part icle o) + [count er] + kudasai

Object Part icle o Count er Kudasai "English"

Kōra o futatsu kudasai (くだ "Two Cokes, please." (コーラ) (を) (二つ) さい)

Bīru o mittsu kudasai "Three beers, (ビール) (を) (三つ) (ください) please."

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. まどか：このチーズケーキを三つください。 Madoka: Kono chīzukēki o mit t su kudasai. Madoka: "Three of these cheesecakes, please."

Language Tip: The Part icle To (と)

We use the particle to to connect two or more nouns in a list. It corresponds to the word "and" in English. It is important to keep in mind, though, that we can ONLY use the particle to (と) between nouns, as in "apples AND oranges." You cannot use it to connect phrases of action, like "I went to the park AND took a walk."

For Example:

1. コーラとビールください。 Kōra t o bīru kudasai. "A coke and a beer, please."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #13 - WANT TO SHOP FOR BIRTHDAY PRESENTS IN JAPAN? 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #14 Choosing the Right Japanese Birthday Gift Is Tricky!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 14

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. まどか: ママ、誕生日おめでとう。

2. お母さん: あら？ケーキ？ありがとう！

3. ケント: おばさん、お誕生日おめでとうございます。 これ、お花です。

4. お母さん: あら・・・あ

5. まどか: なにこれー。 ケント、これ、仏様のお花だよ。

6. ケント: なにそれ？

7. お母さん: まどか、大丈夫よ。 ありがとう、ケント君。うれしいわ。

KANA

1. まどか: ママ、たんじょうびおめでとう。

2. おかあさん: あら？ケーキ？ありがとう！

3. ケント: おばさん、おたんじょうびおめでとうございます。 これ、おはなです。

4. おかあさん: あら・・・あ

5. まどか: なにこれー。 ケント、これ、ほとけさまのおはなだよ。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 2 6. ケント: なにそれ？

7. おかあさん: まどか、だいじょうぶよ。 ありがとう、ケントくん。うれしいわ。

ROMANIZATION

1. MADOKA: Mama, tanjōbi omedetō.

2. O-KĀ-SAN: Ara? Kēki? Arigatō!

3. KENTO: Oba-san, o-tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu. Kore, o-hana desu.

4. O-KĀ-SAN: Ara... a.

5. MADOKA: Nani kore--. Kento, kore, hotoke-sama no o-hana da yo.

6. KENTO: Nani sore?

7. O-KĀ-SAN: Madoka, daijōbu yo. Arigatō, Kento-kun. Ureshii wa.

ENGLISH

1. MADOKA: Happy birthday, Mom.

2. MOTHER: What's this? Cake? Thank you!

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 3 3. KENT: Happy birthday, Aunt. I have some flowers for you.

4. MOTHER: Wow... Oh. (laughs)

5. MADOKA: What are THESE? Kent, these are flowers to honor the dead!

6. KENT: What do you mean?

7. MOTHER: Madoka, it's fine. Thank you, Kent. I'm so happy.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

お誕生日おめでとう おたんじょうびおめ O-tanjōbi omedetō ございます。 でとうございます。 gozaimasu. Happy birthday.

おめでとう。 おめでとう。 Omedetō. Congratulations.

ありがとう。 ありがとう。 arigatō Thank you.

a Buddha, deceased 仏様 ほとけさま Hotoke-sama person

花 はな hana flower

happy, glad, うれしい うれしい ureshii pleasant (-i adjective)

SAMPLE SENTENCES

お誕生日おめでとうございます。 おめでとう！ O-tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu. Omedetō!

Happy birthday. Congratulations!

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 4 教えてくれてありがとう。 仏様にお参りしました。 Oshiete kurete arigatō. Hotoke-sama ni o-mairi shimashita.

Thank you for telling me. I prayed to the Buddha.

この花はとてもきれいです。 明日は給料日です。うれしい！ Kono hana wa totemo kirei desu. Ashita wa kyūryōbi desu. Ureshii!

This flower is very beautiful. Tomorrow is pay day! I'm so happy!

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE omedetō (おめでとう) The word omedetō (おめでとう) by itself simply means "Congratulations!" There are many set expressions that contain omedetō that we use when congratulating someone on something specific:

Japanese Romanization "English"

たんじょうびおめでと "Happy Birthday!" (explained in う！ tanjōbi omedetō detail below)

あけましておめでとう！ akemashite omedetō "Happy New Year!"

ご結婚おめでとう！ "Congratulations on your go-kekkon omedetō marriage!" arigatō (ありがとう) Even people who have not studied Japanese may be familiar with this word, which means "thank you." What they may not know is that is phrase is very casual! When thanking friends or family members, it is perfectly fine to use arigatō (ありがとう); however, when thanking a stranger or someone who has a higher status than you, it is better to add gozaimasu to this word to make it formal: arigatō gozaimasu (ありがとうございます). ureshii (うれしい) This is an i adjective that means "happy." When presented with flowers for her birthday, Madoka's mother exclaimed ureshii wa! (うれしいわ！), meaning "I'm so happy!" For more information on the particle wa we use here, please check the grammar notes below.

GRAMMAR

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 5 The Focus of This Lesson Is Reversing Sent ence Order in Inf ormal Japanese. なにこれ〜。 Nani kore~. "What are THESE?"

In this lesson, you'll learn how we reverse sentence order in informal Japanese. You'll also learn how to wish someone a happy birthday in Japanese.

Reversing Sent ence Order in Inf ormal Japanese

When speaking casually with friends or family, it's common to switch around sentence order in Japanese with no change in meaning. In English, word order is very important, and changing around word order can drastically change the meaning, but the same doesn't necessarily hold true for Japanese. Changing around the order of a sentence sounds very colloquial but can come off as natural sounding when done right. Most often, we do this to give emphasis to what we are saying. For Example:

Original Order ⇒ Reversed Order "English"

これ(は)なに？ なにこれ？ Kore (wa) nani? ⇒ Nani kore? "What's this?"

これ(は)おいし おいしい、これ！ い！ ⇒ "This is good!" Kore (wa) oishii! Oishii, kore!

あれ(は)だれ？ だれ、あれ？ Are (wa) dare? ⇒ Dare, are? "Who's that?"

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. まどか：なにこれ〜。 Madoka: Nani kore~. "Madoka: What are THESE?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 6 2. ケント：なにそれ？ Kento: Nani sore? "Kent: What do you mean?"

Wishing Someone a Happy Birt hday

In the dialogue, Madoka and Kent wished Madoka's mother a happy birthday. Madoka used informal Japanese, while Kent used formal Japanese. Let's look at the two expressions they use to say "Happy Birthday":

Japanese Romanization Polit eness Level

おたんじょうびおめでと O-tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu. うございます。 Formal

たんじょうびおめでと う。 Tanjōbi omedetō. Informal

There are two main differences to note: the elimination of gozaimasu in the informal phrase, and the addition of the polite prefix o- to the word tanjōbi, which means "birthday," in the formal phrase.

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. まどか：ママ、誕生日おめでとう。 Madoka: Mama, tanjōbi omedetō. "Madoka: Happy birthday, Mom."

2. ケント：おばさん、お誕生日おめでとうございます。 Kento: Oba-san, o-tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu. "Kent: Happy birthday, Aunt."

Note: The prefix o- (お-) attaches to the beginning of certain words to make them more polite.

For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 7 Word ⇒ Polit e Version "English" tanjōbi (o-tanjōbi) (たんじょうび) ⇒ おたんじょうび "birthday"

(namae) (o-namae) 名前 ⇒ お名前 "name"

(genki) (o-genki) 元気 ⇒ お元気 "fine," "energetic"

Language Tip: The Feminine Part icle Wa (わ)

In the dialogue, Madoka's mother expressed her happiness by saying Ureshii wa! (うれし いわ！) The particle wa expresses a weak assertion, desire, intent, emotion, and so on. We often use it to soften what the speaker is saying, and older female speakers often use it in this way. Note that this particle is different from the topic-marking particle wa (は). We write them differently but pronounce them the same.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #14 - CHOOSING THE RIGHT JAPANESE BIRTHDAY GIFT IS TRICKY! 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #15 What Will You Do Tomorrow in Japan?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 15

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. まどか: ママ、紅茶、飲む？

2. お母さん: うん。お願い。

3. まどか: ミルクとおさとう、使う？

4. お母さん: うん。使う。

5. まどか: はい、どうぞ。 ケントも紅茶、飲む？

6. ケント: いや。コーラ飲む。

7. まどか: コーラとケーキ？

KANA

1. まどか: ママ、こうちゃ、のむ？

2. おかあさん: うん。おねがい。

3. まどか: ミルクとおさとう、つかう？

4. おかあさん: うん。つかう。

5. まどか: はい、どうぞ。 ケントもこうちゃ、のむ？

6. ケント: いや。コーラのむ。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 2 7. まどか: コーラとケーキ？

ROMANIZATION

1. MADOKA: Mama, kōcha, nomu?

2. O-KĀ-SAN: Un. Onegai.

3. MADOKA: Miruku to o-satō, tsukau?

4. O-KĀ-SAN: Un. Tsukau.

5. MADOKA: Hai, dōzo. Kento mo kōcha, nomu?

6. KENTO: Iya. Kōra nomu.

7. MADOKA: Kōra to kēki?

ENGLISH

1. MADOKA: Mom, do you want some tea?

2. MOTHER: Yes, please.

3. MADOKA: Do you want milk and sugar? [Literally, are you going to use milk and sugar?]

4. MOTHER: Yes, I do.

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 3 5. MADOKA: Here you are. Kent, do you want some tea too?

6. KENT: No, I'll have Coke.

7. MADOKA: Coke with cake...?

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

紅茶 こうちゃ kōcha black/Western tea

飲む のむ nomu to drink [class 1]

コーラ コーラ kōra cola

ミルク ミルク miruku milk

砂糖 さとう satō sugar

使う つかう tsukau to use; V1

いる いる iru to need, to want;V1

お願い おねがい onegai please

go ahead, here you どうぞ どうぞ dōzo are

SAMPLE SENTENCES

紅茶を飲みますか。 温かい紅茶を飲んでください。 Kōcha o nomimasu ka. Atatakai kōcha o nonde kudasai.

Do you drink tea?/Would you like some tea? Please drink warm tea.

コーラはいくらですか。 冷たいミルクをください。 Kōra wa ikura desu ka. Tsumetai miruku o kudasai.

How much is the cola? Cold milk, please.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 4 砂糖をください。 パソコンを使う。 Satō o kudasai. Pasokon o tsukau.

Please give me the sugar. I'll use a PC.

このオレンジいる？ サインをお願いします。 Kono orenji iru? Sain wo onegai shimasu.

Do you want this orange? Your signature (autograph), please.

はい、どうぞ。 Hai, dōzo.

Here you go.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE o-negai (お願い) ⇒ "Please." This word comes from the phrase o-negai shimasu (お願いします), which means "please," and we use it when asking for something or asking for a favor. When speaking informal Japanese, you can leave off the shimasu and just use o-negai, as we saw in the dialogue. dōzo (どうぞ) ⇒ "Please go ahead."/"Here you are." If you're offering something to someone or would like someone to go ahead of you or do something before you, use dōzo. Are you offering your seat to someone on the train? Dōzo. Are you holding the door for someone and would like him or her to go right ahead? Dōzo. Are you at a restaurant and someone else's food came before yours and you would like the person to start eating? Dōzo. Did you try your hand at making some delicious o-nigiri ("rice balls") and would like to offer them to someone? Dōzo! kōcha (紅茶) "black tea" This is the word for "black tea" in Japanese. At many cafes and restaurants, you will often be asked if you would like kōhī (コーヒー), meaning "coffee," or kōcha (紅茶), meaning "black tea."

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Using t he Dict ionary Form of Verbs t o Talk about Fut ure Event s and Ask Quest ions. ママ、紅茶、飲む？ Mama, kōcha, nomu?

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 5 "Mum, do you want some t ea?"

In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about the future using the present (non-past) tense of a verb. You'll also learn how to ask questions using the same present (non-past) tense of a verb.

Talking about Fut ure Act ions and Event s

You may be surprised to learn that in Japanese, there is no future tense! When talking about future events, we simply use the regular present tense (also referred to as the non- past). Whether we are talking about the present or future is mostly left to context. Let's take a look at one of the lines from the dialogue.

For Example:

1. ケント：コーラ飲む。 Kento: Kōra nomu. Kent: "I'll have Coke."

Nomu (飲む) is the informal/dictionary form of the verb nomimasu (飲みます), meaning "to drink." We use it to talk about things in the present tense ("I drink," "you drink," "she drinks," etc.), but here, Kent is using it to refer to a future action: "I'll have/I'll drink Coke." There is no particle in his sentence because he is speaking casually (where it is optional), but if there were one, the object-marking particle o would go in between kōra and nomu: Kora o nomu (コーラを飲む). First, let's introduce some basic verbs in Japanese in both their formal and informal forms.

Inf ormal Japanese Formal Japanese "English"

kau kaimasu (買う) (買います) "to buy"

tsukau tsukaimasu (使う) (使います) "to use"

iku ikimasu (行く) (行きます) "to go"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 6 hanasu hanashimasu (話す) (話します) "to speak" nomu nomimasu (飲む) (飲みます) "to drink"

Now, let's use some of those verbs and create sentences that talk about future actions using the informal non-past form.

For Example:

1. 駅(に)行く。 Eki (ni) iku. "I'll go/I'm going to the station."

2. ネット(を)使う。 Netto(o) tsukau. "I'll use/I'm going to use the Internet."

3. ビール(を)飲む。 Bīru (o) nomu. "I'll drink/I'm going to drink beer."

When you combine the non-past form of a verb with a time expression that indicates the future, there is no question that you are talking about the future.

For Example:

Japanese Word Meaning Japanese Sent ence "English" "Tomorrow"

ashita gakkō ni iku. "I'll go/I'm going to school (明日) (学校(に)行く。) tomorrow."

Simple Quest ions in Inf ormal Japanese

In the fourth, fifth, and sixth lessons, we went over questions that use nouns and adjectives. Now, let's take a look at some simple questions that use verbs. When learning formal Japanese, you may remember the rule of adding the question particle ka (か) to create a question.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 7 For Example:

St at ement Quest ion (Formal Japanese) (Formal Japanese)

紅茶を飲みます。 紅茶を飲みますか。 Kōcha o nomimasu. Kōcha o nomimasu ka. "I'll drink black tea." "Will you drink black tea/Do you want black tea?"

In informal Japanese, however, using the question particle ka (か) to form a question often sounds rough and is a part of Japanese men's usage. Instead, we can just use rising intonation to create a question.

For Example:

St at ement Quest ion (Inf ormal Japanese) (Inf ormal Japanese)

紅茶(を)飲む。↓ 紅茶(を)飲む？↑ Kōcha (o) nomu. ↓ Kōcha (o) nomu? ↑ "I'll drink black tea." "Will you drink black tea/Do you want black tea?

Language Tip

Let's take a look at the common structure for a sentence that includes an object. Because we are focusing on informal speech in this series, a lot of the time we leave particles out of the sentences, but let's take a look at where the particle would normally go. [A] wa [B] o Verb In the above structure, the one performing the action is [A], and the object that the action is being performed on is [B]. In the dialogue, Madoka said Mama, kōcha, nomu? meaning "Mom, do you want some tea?" Let's see where the particles would go in this sentence:

[A] wa [B] o Verb

With Mama wa kocha o nomu? particles

Without Mama kocha nomu? particles

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 8 Here, the mother is the one performing the action, so we would mark her with wa, and the tea is the object, so we would mark it with o.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #15 - WHAT WILL YOU DO TOMORROW IN JAPAN? 9 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #16 How You Can Develop Good Japanese Habits

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 2 Romanization 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 16

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. ケント: このケーキ、めちゃくちゃうまい！

2. お母さん: あら、ケント君、甘いもの食べるの？

3. ケント: はい。食べます。

4. お母さん: もっと食べる？

5. ケント: うん。おかわり。 ・・・あ・・・おかわりおねがいします。

6. お母さん: はい、どうぞ。

KANA

1. ケント: このケーキ、めちゃくちゃうまい！

2. おかあさん: あら、ケントくん、あまいものたべるの？

3. ケント: はい。たべます。

4. おかあさん: もっとたべる？

5. ケント: うん。おかわり。 ・・・あ・・・おかわりおねがいします。

6. おかあさん: はい、どうぞ。

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #16 - HOW YOU CAN DEVELOP GOOD JAPANESE HABITS 2 1. KENTO: Kono kēki, mechakucha umai!

2. O-KĀ-SAN: Ara, Kento-kun, amai mono taberu no?

3. KENTO: Hai. Tabemasu.

4. O-KĀ-SAN: Motto taberu?

5. KENTO: Un. Okawari. ... a... okawari o-negai shimasu.

6. O-KĀ-SAN: Hai, dōzo.

ENGLISH

1. KENT: This cake is totally amazing!

2. MADOKA'S Oh, Kent, you eat sweets? MOTHER:

3. KENT: Yes, I do.

4. MADOKA'S Do you want some more? MOTHER:

5. KENT: Yeah, I'll take seconds. ...Um, I mean, please may I have seconds?

6. MADOKA'S Here you go. MOTHER:

VOCABULARY

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #16 - HOW YOU CAN DEVELOP GOOD JAPANESE HABITS 3 Kanji Kana Romaji English

めちゃくちゃ めちゃくちゃ mechakucha extremely, insanely

うまい うまい umai delicious, tasty; Adj(i)

甘い あまい amai sweet; i adjective

もの もの mono thing

食べる たべる taberu to eat; V2

食べます たべます tabemasu to eat; masu form

a second helping, おかわり okawari refill

もっと もっと motto more

SAMPLE SENTENCES

今までに見たことがないくらいめちゃくち このスパゲティはうまい！！ Kono supagetti wa umai!! ゃ大きいスイカを食べた。 Ima made ni mita koto ga nai kurai mechakucha This spaghetti is delicious! ōkii suika o tabeta.

I ate a watermelon that was bigger than any I had ever seen before.

アメリカのクッキーは甘いです。 甘いものが食べたいです。 Amerika no kukkī wa amai desu. Amai mono ga tabetai desu.

American cookies are sweet. I want to eat something sweet.

おやつを毎日食べる。 毎朝、納豆を食べます。 Oyatsu o mainichi taberu. Maiasa, nattō o tabemasu.

I eat snacks every day. I eat nattō every morning.

おかわり、お願いします。 もっと水をください！ Okawari onegai shimasu. Motto mizu o kudasai.

A refill please. Please give me more water!

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #16 - HOW YOU CAN DEVELOP GOOD JAPANESE HABITS 4 umai (うまい) "delicious," "good" (talking about food) The word umai has two major meanings. The meaning we'll discuss in this lesson is the one that means "delicious" or "good." It has the same meaning as the word oishii (おいしい), but umai has a more casual nuance. Men especially use this word to talk about food. taberu (食べる) "to eat" Taberu is the verb for "to eat." It is known as a Class Two verb, and the polite form is tabemasu. motto (もっと) "more" Motto is an adverb (?) meaning "more." When coupled with a verb, it means to do more of that verb. For example, motto taberu (もっと食べる) means to "eat more," motto nomu (もっ と飲む) means to "drink more," and so on. okawari (おかわり) "second helping" Okawari is a phrase that means "more please!" and indicates that you'd like a second helping of food. Okawari by itself is quite informal, but you can make it polite by adding onegai shimasu ("please") to the end of it like Kent did in the conversation.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Using t he Present Form of Verbs t o Talk About Habit ual Act ions. ケント君、甘いもの食べるの？ Kent o-kun, amai mono t aberu no? "Kent , you eat sweet s?"

In the last lesson, you learned how to use the present form of a verb to talk about future actions and events. In this lesson, you will learn how to use the same present form of a verb to talk about habitual actions or actions that occur on a regular basis. When you use the present form of a verb in this way, you can talk about your daily routines and habits.

Talking about Habit ual Act ions

Let's take a look at how to talk about habitual actions or actions in general using the present form of a verb. First, let's review some verbs we commonly use when talking about habitual actions, such as daily routines. For Example:

Inf ormal Formal "English"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #16 - HOW YOU CAN DEVELOP GOOD JAPANESE HABITS 5 taberu tabemasu (食べる) (食べます) "to eat" okiru okimasu (起きる) (起きます) "to wake up" neru nemasu (ねる) (ねます) "to sleep" miru mimasu "to see," "to look," "to (見る) (見ます) watch"

In the dialogue, Madoka's mother notices that Kent really seemed to like the cake and asks him whether he eats sweets. Here, the verb taberu is in the present tense, and she is asking Kent whether he eats sweets in general.

For Example:

1. ケント君、甘いもの食べるの？ Kento-kun, amai mono taberu no? "Kent, you eat sweets?"

Let's look at some more examples. When talking about habitual actions, it is common to use adverbs that mention frequency, such as yoku (よく), meaning "often," or itsumo (い つも), meaning "always," as we see below:

"English" (t alking about Subject Adverb Act ion habit ual act ions)

Madoka wa itsumo nyusu o miru. (まどかは) (いつも) (ニュースをみる。 "Madoka always ) watches the news."

Kento wa Yoku kare o taberu. (ケントは) (よく) (カレーをたべる。 "Kent often eats ) curry."

Examples From This Dialogue

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #16 - HOW YOU CAN DEVELOP GOOD JAPANESE HABITS 6 1. お母さん: ケント君、甘いもの食べるの？ O-kā-san: Kento-kun, amai mono taberu no? Madoka's mother: "Kent, you eat sweets?"

2. ケント: はい。食べます。 Kento: Hai. Tabemasu. "Kent: Yes, I do (eat sweets)."

Language Tip: The Part icle No (の) at t he End of Quest ions

The sentence-ending particle の indicates a colloquial question, explanation, or emphasis. When you attach の at the end of an informal sentence, the sentence turns to a question. The intonation rises at の.

For Example:

1. お母さん: ケント君、甘いもの食べるの？ O-kā-san: Kento-kun, amai mono taberu no? Madoka's mother: "Kent, you eat sweets?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #16 - HOW YOU CAN DEVELOP GOOD JAPANESE HABITS 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #17 Do You Want to Come and Play Japanese Sports with Us?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 17

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 白山: おーっす

2. ケント: あ・・・おはよ。 おーす？

3. 白山: あいさつだよ。あいさつ。おーっす。

4. ケント: おーっす。

5. 白山: そうそう。うまいうまい。 なぁ、ケント。ケント、サッカーする？

6. ケント: うん。するよ。

7. 白山: 今日の昼、サッカーするよ。来る？

8. ケント: いいの？行く、行く！やったー。

KANA

1. はくさん: おーっす

2. ケント: あ・・・おはよ。 おーす？

3. はくさん: あいさつだよ。あいさつ。おーっす。

4. ケント: おーっす。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 2 5. はくさん: そうそう。うまいうまい。 なぁ、ケント。ケント、サッカーする？

6. ケント: うん。するよ。

7. はくさん: きょうのひる、サッカーするよ。くる？

8. ケント: いいの？いく、いく！やったー。

ROMANIZATION

1. SHIROYAMA: Ōssu

2. KENTO: A... ohayo. Ōssu?

3. SHIROYAMA: Aisatsu da yo. Aisatsu. Ōssu.

4. KENTO: Ōssu.

5. SHIROYAMA: Sōsō. Umai umai. Nā, Kento. Kento, sakkā suru?

6. KENTO: Un. Suru yo.

7. SHIROYAMA: Kyō no hiru, sakkā suru yo. Kuru?

8. KENTO: Ī no? Iku, iku! Yattā.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 3 1. SHIROYAMA: O-su!

2. KENT: Uh... 'Morning. O-su?

3. SHIROYAMA: It's a greeting. A greeting! O-su!

4. KENT: O-su.

5. SHIROYAMA: That's it. You've got it! Hey, Kent, do you play soccer?

6. KENT: Yeah, I do.

7. SHIROYAMA: I'm going to play soccer this afternoon. Do you want to come?

8. KENT: Really?? Yeah, I'll go!! Yay!

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

あいさつ あいさつ aisatsu greeting

うまい うまい umai good at, skilled at

いい いい ii good, well; Adj(i)

サッカー サッカー sakkā soccer, football

する する suru to do, V3

行く いく iku to go; V1

SAMPLE SENTENCES

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 4 わたしは先生にあいさつをした。 彼はスノーボードがうまい！ Watashi wa sensei ni aisatsu o shita. Kare wa sunōbōdo ga umai!

I said hello to the teacher. He is good at snowboarding.

これは、すごくいいです。 1999年以降、日本のサッカーはJ-1 とJ-2 Kore wa sugoku ii desu. のふたつのリーグがあります。 sen kyūhyaku kyūjū kyūnen ikō, nihon no sakkā This is really good. wa jeiwan to jeitsū no futatsu no rīgu ga arimasu.

Since 1999, the Japanese soccer league has had two divisions: J-1 and J-2.

サッカーが苦手です。 いまから宿題をします。 Sakkā ga nigate desu. Ima kara shukudai o shimasu.

I'm bad at playing soccer. I'm going to do my homework now.

あとでコンビニに行きます。 Ato de konbini ni ikimasu.

I'll go to the convenience store later.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE umai (うまい) In the last lesson, we learned one meaning of umai (うまい), which was "delicious" or "good" when talking about food. In dialogue for this lesson, we saw the speakers use it with another meaning: "to be good at something." When Kent tried his hand at the slangy Japanese greeting ossu, Shiroyama-kun said he "was good at it" by saying umai umai! (saying it twice for emphasis). aisatsu (あいさつ) Aisatsu is a word that refers to "greetings" in Japanese. It doesn't only refer to phrases you say when you first see someone, such as kon'nichiwa or ohayō gozaimasu, however: aisatsu also refers to expressions such as oyasumi nasai ("good night") as well.

sakkā (サッカー) Sakkā is the word for "soccer" in Japanese. This is simply the word "soccer" from English that we pronounce using the sounds of Japanese. You'll find that the names of many sports are taken directly from the English words. Some examples are basuketto bōru (バスケットボール ) meaning "basketball," tenisu (テニス) meaning "tennis," バレーボール (barē bōru) meaning

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 5 "volleyball," etc.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Forming Sent ences and Quest ions Using Class 3 Verbs Suru and Kuru. ケント、サッカーする？ Kent o, sakkā suru? "Kent , do you play soccer?"

In this lesson, you'll learn how to make affirmative sentences and simple questions with the only two Class 3 verbs in Japanese: suru, meaning "to do," and kuru, meaning "to come." These verbs are the only two irregular verbs in Japanese, which is why they belong to their own verb class, known as Class 3 verbs.

Class 3 Verb #1: Suru

Let's take a closer look at the two Class 3 verbs in Japanese. You may be familiar with the formal forms from earlier Newbie lessons.

Inf ormal Japanese Formal Japanese "English"

suru (する) shimasu (します) "to do"

Suru often comes after nouns to create a verb phrase. One big example of this is talking about playing sports. As we saw in the vocabulary section above, a lot of the words for names of sports come directly from the English words. If you add suru or o suru to these words, you create a verb, and we use suru the same way that we use "play" in English.

For Example:

Japanese Name "English" Japanese Verb "English" of Sport

sakkā sakkā (o) suru (サッカー) "soccer" (サッカー(を)する) "to play soccer"

basuketto bōru (o) basuketto bōru suru (バスケットボール "basketball" (バスケットボール "to play basketball" ) (を)する)

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 6 tenisu tenisu (o) suru (テニス) "tennis" (テニス(を)する) "to play tennis"

Examples From This Dialogue

1. ケント、サッカーする？ Kento, sakkā suru? "Kent, do you play soccer?"

2. 今日の昼、サッカーするよ。 Kyō no hiru, sakkā suru yo. "I'm going to play soccer this afternoon."

Sample Sent ences

1. 明日、バスケットボール(を)する。 Ashita, basuketto boru (o) suru. "I'm going to play basketball tomorrow."

2. よく、バスケットボール(を)する。 Yoku, basuketto boru (o) suru. "I often play basketball."

Class 3 Verb #2: Kuru

The second Class 3 verb is kuru (くる), which means "to come."

Inf ormal Japanese Formal Japanese "English"

kuru (くる) kimasu (きます) "to come"

For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 7 1. 明日、学校に来る。 Ashita, gakkō ni kuru. "I'll come to school tomorrow."

2. 今日、家に来る？ Kyō, uchi ni kuru? "Want to come over today?"

Note that when talking about going to or coming to places, we put the particle ni (に) after the place (Gakkō NI iku/kuru). This particle indicates a direction or destination. We will cover the usage of this particle in more detail in the twenty-second lesson of this series.

Language Tip: Using Nē/Nā t o Get Someone's Attention/Start a Conversation

In the dialogue, Shiroyama-kun used nā (なぁ) to get Kent's attention. We can use the words nē and nā in this way to get someone's attention and start a conversation with them, much like "hey" in English. Note, however, that they are very casual and it may seem rude if you use them with a teacher or someone of higher status than you, so make sure to only use them with friends and family. For Example:

1. なぁ、ケント。ケント、サッカーする？ Nā, Kento. Kento, sakkā suru? "Hey, Kent, do you play soccer?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #17 - DO YOU WANT TO COME AND PLAY JAPANESE SPORTS WITH US? 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #18 Won't You Get Hungry If You Don't Eat in Japan?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 18

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. (キンコンカンコン）

2. まどか: やったーお昼休みだー。 ケント、学食行く？

3. ケント: 行かない。

4. まどか: なんで？

5. ケント: サッカーするから。

6. まどか: ふーん。おなかすかないの？

7. ケント: 後で、パン買うよ。じゃあね。

KANA

1. (キンコンカンコン）

2. まどか: やったーおひるやすみだー。 ケント、がくしょくいく？

3. ケント: いかない。

4. まどか: なんで？

5. ケント: サッカーするから。

6. まどか: ふーん。おなかすかないの？

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #18 - WON'T YOU GET HUNGRY IF YOU DON'T EAT IN JAPAN? 2 7. ケント: あとで、パンかうよ。じゃあね。

ROMANIZATION

1. (kinkonkankon)

2. MADOKA: Yattā! Hiruyasumi dā. Kento, gakushoku iku?

3. KENTO: Ikanai.

4. MADOKA: Nan de?

5. KENTO: Sakkā suru kara.

6. MADOKA: Fūn. O-naka sukanai no?

7. KENTO: Ato de, pan kau yo. Jā ne.

ENGLISH

1. (sound of school bell)

2. MADOKA: Yay, lunchtime! Kent, are you going to the cafeteria?

3. KENT: No, I'm not going.

4. MADOKA: Why not?

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #18 - WON'T YOU GET HUNGRY IF YOU DON'T EAT IN JAPAN? 3 5. KENT: Because I'm playing soccer.

6. MADOKA: Hmm. Won't you get hungry?

7. KENT: I'll buy some bread later. See ya.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

yes! yay! やった やった yatta (exclamation)

昼休み ひるやすみ hiruyasumi lunch break

後で あとで atode afterwards, later

学食 がくしょく gakushoku school cafeteria

～から ～から ~kara because

パン パン pan bread

買う かう kau to buy ; V1

じゃあね じゃあね jā ne Bye.

SAMPLE SENTENCES

やった！今日の夕飯はすき焼きだ！ 学校の昼休みはとても短いです。 Yatta! Kyō no yūhan wa sukiyaki da! Gakkō no hiruyasumi wa totemo mijikai desu.

Yay! Today's dinner is sukiyaki! The lunch break at my school is very short.

じゃ、また後で。 毎日、学食で昼ごはんを食べる。 Ja, mata atode. Mainichi, gakushoku de hirugohan o taberu.

Well then, see you later. I eat lunch at the school cafeteria everyday.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #18 - WON'T YOU GET HUNGRY IF YOU DON'T EAT IN JAPAN? 4 お腹がいっぱいだから、昼ごはんは食べま このパンは、まずいです。 Kono pan wa mazui desu. せん。 O-naka ga ippai dakara, hirugohan wa This bread is yucky. tabemasen.

I'm full, so I won't eat lunch.

ビスケットを九個買います。 じゃあね、また、明日。 Bisuketto o kyū-ko kaimasu. Jaa ne, mata, ashita.

I'll buy nine biscuits. See you tomorrow!

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

Yatta! (やった！) Yatta! is a casual expression of happiness that means "yay!" or "I did it!" Originally, it is the past tense of the verb yaru, meaning "to do," but when we say it as an exclamation, it is the equivalent of "yay!" or "yes!" in English. In the dialogue, Madoka uses it because she is happy that it is lunchtime.

Ato de (あとで) Ato de is a phrase that means "later." You can use it in a sentence with a verb to mean that you will do that action later. In the dialogue, Kent said Ato de, pan kau yo ("I'll buy some bread later.").

Jā ne (じゃあね) Jā ne is a very casual way to say "good-bye," which makes it similar to "see ya!" or "later!" in English. Another variation is mata ne (またね).

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Negat ive Forms of Class One Verbs. おなかすかないの？ O-naka sukanai no? "Won't you get hungry?"

In this lesson, you'll learn how to create the negative form of Class One verbs, which means you'll be able to say things like "I'm not going to [verb]" or "I don't [verb]" in informal Japanese.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #18 - WON'T YOU GET HUNGRY IF YOU DON'T EAT IN JAPAN? 5 Negat ive Forms of Class One Verbs

Let's take a look at how to create the negative form of Class One verbs in Japanese.

Here are the two steps:

1) Drop the final -u sound 2) Add ­anai

For Example:

Affirmative "English" Negat ive "English"

iku ikanai "don't go" (いく) "to go" ⇒ (いかない) "doesn't go"

nomu nomanai "don't drink" "doesn't (のむ) "to drink" ⇒ (のまない) drink"

tsukau tsukawanai "don't use" (つかう)* "to use" ⇒ (つかわない) "doesn't use"

kau kawanai "don't buy" (かう)* "to buy" ⇒ (かわない) "doesn't buy"

*Note that for verbs that end in -u, you add -wanai when forming the negative. When you use the negative verb in a sentence, it can either mean that you are not going to do something (in the future) or that you do not do something (as a general rule). You can often figure out which nuance the speaker intends from the context.

Examples From This Dialogue

1. ケント：(学食に)行かない。 Kento: (Gakushoku ni) ikanai. "Kent: I'm not going (to the cafeteria)."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #18 - WON'T YOU GET HUNGRY IF YOU DON'T EAT IN JAPAN? 6 2. まどか：ふーん。おなかすかないの？ Madoka: Fūn. O-naka sukanai no? "Madoka: Huh. Won't you get hungry?"

Sample Sent ences

1. ビールを飲まない。 Biru o nomanai. "I don't drink beer."

2. 今日は学校に行かない。 Kyō wa gakkō ni ikanai. "I'm not going to school today."

3. コンピューターを使わない。 Konpyūtā o tsukawanai. "I don't use computers."

Language Tip: Onaka ga suku ("t o get hungry")

In the fourth lesson, we saw the informal phrase Hara hetta, which means "I'm hungry." This phrase is very casual, though, and mostly males use it. A more general phrase that both males and females use is onaka (ga) suita, which comes from the phrase onaka (ga) suku.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #18 - WON'T YOU GET HUNGRY IF YOU DON'T EAT IN JAPAN? 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #19 You Won't Be Able to Tear Yourself Away from This Japanese Lesson!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 19

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. ケント: ふぁー。ねむい・・・。 もう、ねる。お休みなさい。

2. まどか: お休みー。

3. お母さん: お休みなさい。

4. ケント: あ、おばさん、明日の朝、サッカーするから、六時に出ます。

5. お母さん: じゃ、何時に起きるの？

6. ケント: 五時半に起きます。

7. まどか: ぜったい、起きないよ。

8. ケント: 起きるよ。

KANA

1. ケント: ふぁー。ねむい・・・。 もう、ねる。おやすみなさい。

2. まどか: おやすみー。

3. おかあさん: おやすみなさい。

4. ケント: あ、おばさん、あしたのあさ、サッカーするから、ろくじにでま す。

5. おかあさん: じゃ、なんじにおきるの？

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 2 6. ケント: ごじはんにおきます。

7. まどか: ぜったい、おきないよ。

8. ケント: おきるよ。

ROMANIZATION

1. KENTO: Fā. nemui.... mō, neru. Oyasumi nasai.

2. MADOKA: Oyasumī.

3. O-KĀ-SAN: Oyasumi nasai.

4. KENTO: A, o-ba-san, ashita no asa, sakkā suru kara, roku-ji ni demasu.

5. O-KĀ-SAN: Ja, nan-ji ni okiru no?

6. KENTO: Go-ji-han ni okimasu.

7. MADOKA: Zettai, okinai yo.

8. KENTO: Okiru yo.

ENGLISH

1. (sound of the TV)

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 3 2. KENT: (yawns) I'm sleepy... I'm going to bed. Good night.

3. MADOKA: 'Night!

4. MOTHER: Good night.

5. KENT: Oh, Auntie. Tomorrow morning I'm playing soccer, so I'll be leaving at six o'clock a.m.

6. MOTHER: So what time are you getting up?

7. KENT: I'll get up at five-thirty a.m.

8. MADOKA: You definitely won't get up. (laughs)

9. KENT: I will get up!!

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

眠い ねむい nemui sleepy, drowsy

to wake up, to get 起きる おきる okiru up; V2

何時 なんじ nanji what time

to leave, V1, masu 出ます でます demasu form

明日 あした ashita tomorrow

朝 あさ asa morning

aunt, older/middle- おばさん おばさん obasan aged woman

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 4 おやすみなさい。 おやすみなさい。 O-yasumi nasai. Good night.

to go to bed, to 寝る ねる neru sleep;V2

already, anymore, もう もう mō soon; Adv

absolutely, definitely, 絶対 ぜったい zettai unconditionally

SAMPLE SENTENCES

今日はもう、眠いです。 毎朝、私は六時に起きる Kyō wa mō, nemui desu. Maiasa, watashi wa roku-ji ni okiru.

I'm already sleepy today. I get up at six o'clock every morning.

今、何時ですか？ 明日は、朝8時に家を出ます。 Ima, nan-ji desu ka? Ashita wa, asa 8-ji ni uchi o demasu.

What time is it now? I will leave home at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.

また、明日。 今、朝四時です。 Mata, ashita. Ima, asa yo-ji desu.

See you tomorrow. It's four o'clock in the morning.

あのおばさんは、とても親切です。 黒川先生、お休みなさい。 Ano o-ba-san wa totemo shinsetsu desu. Kurokawa sensei, oyasumi nasai.

That middle-aged woman is very kind. Good night, Ms. Kurokawa.

毎日十時間寝る。 もう、終わりました。 Mainichi, jū-jikan neru. Mō owarimashita.

I sleep for ten hours every night. I already finished.

今日は絶対おやつを食べません！ Kyō wa zettai oyatsu o tabemasen!

I'm definitely not going to eat any snacks today!

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 5 Zettai (ぜったい) Zettai is an adverb that means "definitely," and we can use it with an affirmative or negative verb. When we use it with an affirmative verb, it means that something is definitely going to happen, and when we use it with a negative verb, it means that something is definitely NOT going to happen. In the dialogue, Madoka said zettai okinai yo ("You definitely won't get up.") in response to Kent saying he would get up at five-thirty a.m.

Mō (もう) Mō is an adverb that means "already." We can pair mō with a verb to indicate that we are already going to do something. We usually pair it with a verb in the past tense to mean that we have already done something.

Nemui (ねむい) Nemui is an i adjective that means "sleepy."

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Negat ive Form of Class Two Verbs. 絶対、起きないよ。 Zet t ai, okinai yo. "You def init ely won't get up."

In the last lesson, we looked at how to create the negative form of Class One verbs. In this lesson, you'll learn how to create the negative form of Class Two verbs, which means you'll be able to say things like "I'm not going to [verb]" or "I don't [verb]" in informal Japanese. You will also learn how to say the time you will do an action, as in "I will wake up at six o'clock."

The Negat ive Form of Class Two Verbs

Let's take a look at how to create the negative form of Class Two verbs in Japanese. Note that Class Two verbs always end in -ru. (Also note, however, that not every verb that ends in -ru is a Class Two verb).

Here is the step: change the final -ru to ­nai.

Affirmative "English" Negat ive "English"

miru "to watch," minai "don't/doesn't "to see" see," "won't (みる) ⇒ (みない) see"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 6 "don't/doesn't a okiru wake up," okinai (おきる) "to get up" ⇒ "won't wake (おきない) up"

taberu tabenai "don't/doesn't eat," "won't (たべる) "to eat" ⇒ (たべない) eat"

Examples From This Dialogue

1. 絶対、起きないよ。 Zettai, okinai yo. "You definitely won't get up."

Sample Sent ences

1. わたしは甘いものを食べない。 Watashi wa amaimono o tabenai. "I don't eat sweets."

2. ケントはテレビをみない。 Kento wa terebi o minai. "Kent doesn't watch TV."

Saying t he Time You Will Do an Act ion

In the eleventh lesson, you learned how to tell time in Japanese by adding -ji (時) to the number of the hour: for example, ichi ("one") plus ji is ichi-ji, which means "one o'clock." Here, you will learn how to say that you do an action at a certain time. To say what time you or someone else does an action, say the time, add the particle ni, and then add the action. Structure: [t ime] + ni + [action]

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 7 Time ni Act ion "English"

Ichi-ji ni taberu "I eat at one (一時) (に) (たべる) o'clock."

Roku-ji ni okiru "I get up at six (六時) (に) (おきる) o'clock."

Jūichi-ji ni neru "I go to sleep at (十一時) (に) (ねる) eleven o'clock."

In the dialogue, Kent used this structure twice:

1. 六時にでます。 Roku-ji ni demasu. "I'll be leaving at six o'clock a.m." Rokuji is "six o'clock," followed by the particle ni and the polite verb demasu, meaning "to leave."

2. 五時半に起きます。 Go-ji-han ni okimasu. "I'll get up at five-thirty a.m." Go-ji-han is "five-thirty," followed by the particle ni and the polite verb okimasu, meaning "to get up."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #19 - YOU WON'T BE ABLE TO TEAR YOURSELF AWAY FROM THIS JAPANESE LESSON! 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #20 You're Going to be Late for the Flight in Japan!

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar

# 20

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. (アラーム）

2. ケント: あと、10分・・・。

3. 白山: ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。

4. まどか: ケント！ケント！遅刻するよ。

5. ケント: 大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。（ムニャムニャ） ・・・え？今、何時？

6. まどか: 七時半。

7. ケント: ええ？！まじで？！

KANA

1. (アラーム）

2. ケント: あと、10ぷん・・・。

3. しろやま: ケント・・・こないなぁ・・・。

4. まどか: ケント！ケント！ちこくするよ。

5. ケント: だいじょうぶ・・・ちこくしないよ。（ムニャムニャ） ・・・え？いま、なんじ？

6. まどか: しちじはん。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #20 - YOU'RE GOING TO BE LATE FOR THE FLIGHT IN JAPAN! 2 7. ケント: ええ！！まじで？！

ROMANIZATION

1. (arāmu)

2. KENTO: Ato, Juppun....

3. SHIROYAMA: Kento... konai nā....

4. MADOKA: Kento! Kento! Chikoku suru yo.

5. KENTO: Daijōbu... chikoku shinai yo. (munyamunya) ... E? Ima, nan-ji?

6. MADOKA: Shichi-ji-han.

7. KENTO: Ē?! Maji de?!

ENGLISH

1. (Alarm)

2. KENT: Another ten minutes...

3. SHIROYAMA: Kent's not here yet...

4. MADOKA: Kent! Kent! You're going to be late!

5. KENT: (talking in his sleep) It's fine... I won't be late...

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #20 - YOU'RE GOING TO BE LATE FOR THE FLIGHT IN JAPAN! 3 6. ... Huh? What time is it?

7. MADOKA: Half past seven.

8. KENT: Huh?! You're kidding!

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

あと あと ato more; Adv

十分 じゅっぷん juppun ten minutes

to come in late, to be 遅刻する ちこくする chikoku suru late;V3

seriously, really まじ まじ maji (slang)

今 いま ima now, the present time

SAMPLE SENTENCES

あと2000円ください。 家から駅まで十分くらいです。 Ato 2000-en kudasai. Ie kara eki made juppun kurai desu.

Please give me 2000 yen more. It's about ten minutes from my house to the station.

遅刻をしないでください。 今日はまじ寒い。 Chikoku o shinaide kudasai. Kyō wa maji samui.

Don't be late. Today is seriously cold!

今、何時ですか。 Ima, nan-ji desu ka.

What time is it now?

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #20 - YOU'RE GOING TO BE LATE FOR THE FLIGHT IN JAPAN! 4 Ato (あと) In the eighteenth lesson, we learned that the phrase ato de (あとで) means "later," as in Ato de tabemasu ("I'll eat later"). In this lesson, we saw the word ato without de, which works a little differently. We can put an amount of time after ato to talk about more time. For example, juppun means "ten minutes," so if we say ato juppun, it means "ten more minutes."

Chikoku (ちこく) Chikoku is a noun that means "tardiness." When combined with the verb suru, it becomes a verb that means "to be late"/"to come late." In the dialogue, Madoka said Chikoku suru yo! which means "You're going to be late!"

Maji (まじ) Maji is a slang word that comes before adjectives to emphasize them. When used as maji de?! (まじで?!), it becomes an exclamation meaning "Really?!" or "Are you serious?!" Kent uses まじで？！ as an exclamation to show his surprise at how late it was.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Negat ive Form of Class 3 Verbs Suru and Kuru. ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。 Kent o... konai nā.... "Kent 's not here yet ..."

In the last two lessons, we looked at how to create the negative form of Class 1 and Class 2 verbs. In this lesson, you'll learn how to create the negative form of Class 3 verbs, which means you'll be able to say things like "I'm not doing ____ " or "I'm not coming" in informal Japanese. You will also learn about the sentence-ending particle na (な).

The Negat ive Form of Class 3 Verbs

Let's take a look at how to create the negative form of Class 3 verbs in Japanese. Note that there are only two Class 3 verbs in Japanese: suru (meaning "to do") and kuru (meaning "to come"), and that they conjugate irregularly.

Affirmative "English" Negat ive "English"

する しない "don't"/"doesn 't do," "won't suru "to do" ⇒ shinai do"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #20 - YOU'RE GOING TO BE LATE FOR THE FLIGHT IN JAPAN! 5 くる こない "don't"/"doesn 't come," kuru "to come" ⇒ konai "won't come"

Examples f rom t he Dialogue

1. ケン ト・・・こないなぁ・・・。 ⇒ くる Kento... konai nā.... "Kent's not here yet..."

2. ケント！ケント！ちこくするよ。 ⇒ する Kento! Kento! Chikoku suru yo. "Kent! You're going to be late!"

3. だいじょうぶ・・・ちこくしないよ。 ⇒ する Daijōbu... chikoku shinai yo. "It's fine...I won't be late."

Sample Sent ences

1. まどかはサッカーをしない。 Madoka wa sakkā o shinai. "Madoka doesn't play soccer."

2. 今日 ケントはサッカーをしない。 Kyō kento wa sakkā o shinai. "Kent is not going to play soccer today."

3. 明日学校に来ない。 Ashita gakkō ni konai. "I'm not going to school tomorrow."

Language Tip: The Sentence-Ending Part icle na

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #20 - YOU'RE GOING TO BE LATE FOR THE FLIGHT IN JAPAN! 6 In the dialogue, we saw the sentence-ending particle na when Shiroyama-kun said:

1. ケン ト・・・来ないなぁ・・・。 Kento... konai nā.... "Kent's not here yet..."

The particle na indicates emotion, softens the speaker's assertion, and can also asks for agreement in informal speech. We often use it when talking to ourselves (or when you don't expect a response from anyone else).

For Example:

1. この本、たかいなぁ... Kono hon, takai nā... "This book is expensive..."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #20 - YOU'RE GOING TO BE LATE FOR THE FLIGHT IN JAPAN! 7 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #21 When Will You Stop Asking Me Questions in Japanese?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 21

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 白山: おそようございます。ケントさん。

2. ケント: あーごめん！本当にごめん！ 次は行く。絶対行く。

3. まどか: 無理、無理。

4. ケント: 次の練習はいつ？

5. 白山: 月曜の朝。

6. 青田エミ: おはよー。

7. 白山・まどか: おはようございます。エミ先輩。

8. ケント: おーっす。

9. 白山・まどか: ケント！

KANA

1. しろやま: おそようございます。ケントさん。

2. ケント: あーごめん！ほんとうにごめん！ つぎはいく。ぜったいいく。

3. まどか: むり、むり。

4. ケント: つぎのれんしゅうはいつ？

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 2 5. しろやま: げつようのあさ。

6. あおたエミ: おはよー。

7. しろやま・まどか: おはようございます。エミせんぱい。

8. ケント: おーっす。

9. しろやま・まどか: ケント！

ROMANIZATION

1. SHIROYAMA: Osoyō gozaimasu. Kento-san.

2. KENTO: Ā, gomen! Hontō ni gomen! Tsugi wa iku. Zettai iku.

3. MADOKA: Muri, muri.

4. KENTO: Tsugi no renshū wa itsu?

5. SHIROYAMA: Getsuyō no asa.

6. AOTA EMI: Ohayō.

7. SHIROYAMA. Ohayō gozaimasu. Emi-senpai. MADOKA:

8. KENTO: Ōssu.

9. SHIROYAMA. Kento! MADOKA:

ENGLISH CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 3 1. SHIROYAMA: Good morning, Kent.

2. KENT: Ah, sorry! I'm really sorry! I'll go next time. I'll definitely go!

3. MADOKA: You so won't!

4. KENT: When's the next practice?

5. SHIROYAMA: Monday morning.

6. EMI AOTA: Morning!

7. SHIROYAMA, Good morning, Emi-senpai. MADOKA:

8. KENT: O--su.

9. SHIROYAMA: Kent!

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

本当に ほんとうに hontō ni really, truly; Adv.

練習 れんしゅう renshū practice

impossible, 無理（な) むり（な） muri unreasonable;na-Adj

月曜日 げつようび getsuyōbi Monday

いつ いつ itsu when

次 つぎ tsugi next

SAMPLE SENTENCES

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 4 本当にごめんなさい。 ピアノの練習が大嫌いでした。 Hontō ni gomennasai Piano no renshū ga daikirai deshita.

I'm really sorry. I hated piano practice.

それは無理です。 毎週月曜日、フットサルをします。 Sore wa muri desu. Maishū getsu-yōbi futtosaru o shimasu.

That's impossible. I play futsal every Monday.

いつ アメリカ に いきますか。 次の駅は大阪です。 Itsu Amerika ni ikimasu ka. Tsugi no eki wa Ōsaka desu.

When are you going to America? The next station is Osaka.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

Hontō ni (本当に) The phrase honto ni (本当に) means "really," and we can use it as an adverb or an exclamation.

For Example:

1. As an adverb: Hontō ni tanoshii! "It's really fun!"

2. As an exclamation: Hontō （ni）?! "Really?!"

Muri (むり) Muri is an adjective that means "impossible" or "unreasonable." In casual conversations, it has the nuance of "No way! ("I could never do that," etc.). In the dialogue, when Kent said he would go to the next soccer practice, Madoka said muri, muri (as in "It's impossible for you to get up that early and go!").

Renshū (れんしゅう) Renshū is a noun that means "practice." When you add suru, it becomes a verb that means "to practice": renshū suru (れんしゅうする).

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 5 Osoyō gozaimasu (おそようございます) Osoyō gozaimasu is an expression we use humorously that combines ohayō gozaimasu ("good morning") with the word osoi ("late"). We use it in a teasing manner toward someone who arrives late to something. In the dialogue, Shiroyama-kun uses it with Kent, who was late and missed soccer practice.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Reviewing Quest ion Words.

次の練習はいつ？ Tsugi no renshū wa it su? "When's t he next pract ice?"

In this lesson, you'll review question words you learned throughout this series, with special focus on the word itsu, meaning "when." You'll also learn how to shorten the names of the days of the week in informal Japanese.

Reviewing Quest ion Words

In lesson 12, we learned different question words along with a rising intonation in casual Japanese. Let's review those question words once again.

Japanese Romanization "English"

何 nan/nani "What?"

いつ itsu "When?"

どこ doko "Where?"

どう dō "How?"

なんで／どうして nande/dōshite "Why?"

だれ dare "Who"

Let's take a closer look at itsu (いつ), meaning "when," which appeared again in this

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 6 lesson.

For Example:

1. 次の練習はいつ？ Tsugi no renshū wa itsu? "When's the next practice?"

There are two patterns you should remember for using itsu (いつ) in informal speech:

[Noun] wa it su? = "When is [noun]?" It su [verb]? = "When are you going t o [verb]?"

Do you remember the question nanji ni [verb]? ("What time are you going to 'verb'?") from the nineteenth lesson? Here, we need the particle ni after nanji. Be careful, though: itsu does not need ni after it, which is a common mistake.

For Example:

1. パーティーはいつ？ Pātī wa itsu? "When's the party?"

2. いつ練習する？ Itsu renshu suru? "When are you going to practice?"

Days of t he Week

Let's learn how to say the days of the week in Japanese.

All days of the week end in -yōbi (曜日).

日曜日 nichiyōbi Sunday

月曜日 getsuyōbi Monday

火曜日 kayōbi Tuesday

水曜日 suiyōbi Wednesday

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 7 木曜日 mokuyōbi Thursday

金曜日 kinyōbi Friday

土曜日 doyōbi Saturday

何曜日 nanyōbi What day...?

Short ening t he Days of t he Week: You may have caught on by now that it is very common in Japanese to shorten words and phrases. The days of the week are no exception. While all days of the week end in -yōbi, in casual speech it is common to leave off the -bi. In the dialogue, in response to the question "When's the next practice?" Shiroyama-kun said 月曜の朝。(Getsuyō no asa.) meaning "Monday morning." Getsuyō comes from Getsuyōbi, the full name for the word "Monday."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #21 - WHEN WILL YOU STOP ASKING ME QUESTIONS IN JAPANESE? 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #22 Staying Busy from Monday to Friday in Japan

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 22

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. （食事）

2. お母さん: じゃ、ケント君はサッカー部に入るの？

3. ケント: はい。入ります。

4. お母さん: 毎朝、練習するの？

5. ケント: はい。月曜日から金曜日まで朝と夕方、練習します。

6. お母さん: すごーい。月から金まで？ 土日は？

7. まどか: もちろん、練習するよ。

8. ケント: え？うそ！？ほんと？

KANA

1. （しょくじ）

2. おかあさん: じゃ、ケントくんはサッカーぶにはいるの？

3. ケント: はい。はいります。

4. おかあさん: まいあさ、れんしゅうするの？

5. ケント: はい。げつようびからきんようびまであさとゆうがた、れんしゅう します。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 2 6. おかあさん: すごーい。げつからきんまで？ どにちは？

7. まどか: もちろん、れんしゅうするよ。

8. ケント: え？うそ！？ほんと？

ROMANIZATION

1. (shokuji)

2. O-KĀ-SAN: Ja, Kento-kun wa sakkābu ni hairu no?

3. KENTO: Hai. Hairimasu.

4. O-KĀ-SAN: Maiasa, renshū suru no?

5. KENTO: Hai. Getsu-yōbi kara kin-yōbi made asa to yūgata, renshū shimasu.

6. O-KĀ-SAN: Sugōi. Getsu kara kin made? Donichi wa?

7. MADOKA: Mochiron, renshū suru yo.

8. KENTO: E? Uso!? Honto?

ENGLISH

1. (At the table)

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 3 2. MOTHER: So, Kent, you're joining the soccer club?

3. KENT: Yes, I am.

4. MOTHER: Will you have practice every morning?

5. KENT: Yes. We practice morning and evening from Monday to Friday.

6. MOTHER: Wow! From Monday to Friday? What about the weekend?

7. MADOKA: Of course they have practice.

8. KENT: What? No way! Really?

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

club, department, 部 ぶ bu division

もちろん もちろん mochiron of course, certainly

the weekend, Saturday and 土日 どにち donichi Sunday

wow, great, すごい すごい sugoi amazing; Adj(i)

夕方 ゆうがた yūgata evening

金曜日 きんようび kinyōbi Friday

練習する れんしゅうする renshū suru to practice

毎朝 まいあさ maiasa every morning

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 4 to get into, to enter, 入る はいる hairu to join ; V1

うそ！ うそ！ uso! No way!

SAMPLE SENTENCES

私はバスケットボール部です。 もちろん、行きます。 Watashi wa basukettobōru-bu desu. Mochiron ikimasu.

I belong to the basketball club. Of course I'm going.

今週の土日、ひまですか。 東京はすごいです。 Konshū no do-nichi hima desu ka. Tōkyō wa sugoi desu.

Are you free this weekend? Tokyo is great.

夕方のラッシュは5時からです。 金曜日の夜は暇ですか？ Yūgata no rasshu wa go-ji kara desu. Kin-yōbi no yoru wa hima desu ka?

The evening rush starts from five pm. Are you free on Friday evening?

今日は、ギターの練習する？ 毎朝、ジョギングをします。 Kyō wa, gitā no renshū suru? Maiasa, jogingu o shimasu.

Will you practice the guitar today? I jog every morning.

先週、この会社に入りました。 うそ! すごい！！ Senshū kono kaisha ni hairimashita. Uso! Sugoi!!

I joined this company last week. No way! That's awesome!!

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE sugoi (すごい) Sugoi is an adjective meaning "wow," "amazing," or "great." We commonly hear this word and we often use it when we hear or see something interesting or unusual. In the dialogue, Madoka's mother uses the word sugoi in response to Kent saying that he would have soccer practice from Monday to Friday twice a week. uso (うそ)

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 5 Uso literally means "lie," but when we use it as an exclamation, it corresponds to "No way!" or "Really!?" in English. If someone says this in response to something you have said, that person is not calling you a liar, but rather expressing surprise or disbelief. In the dialogue, Kent used uso towards Madoka to show his surprise when she mentioned that he would have soccer practice on the weekends too.

bu (部) -Bu is a suffix that means "club" or "group." You'll often find it in the names of clubs on a school campus: for example, sakkā-bu (サッカー部) would be a "soccer club," tenisu-bu (テ ニス部) would be a "tennis club," and so on.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Part icles kara, made, and ni. 月から金まで？ Get su kara kin made? "From Monday t o Friday?"

In this lesson, you'll learn about two important particles, kara and made. You'll also learn more about the particle ni, which we use to indicate direction.

Part icles Kara and Made

You can use both kara (から) and made (まで) after a noun. Kara (から) marks the starting point, such as place or time ("from"), and made (まで) marks the limitation or extent ("until," "to"). We often use them in a pair. Note that the word order is opposite from English:

Japanese English

A kara "from A"

B made "until B"

Examples f rom t he Dialogue

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 6 1. 月曜日から金曜日まで、練習します。 Getsu-yōbi kara kin-yōbi made, renshū shimasu. "Yes. We practice morning and evening, f rom Monday t o Friday."

2. 月から金まで？ Getsu kara kin made? "From Monday t o Friday?"

Part icle ni

The particle ni (に) indicates movement toward a place. We often use it with the verbs iku (行く, "to go"), kuru (来る, "to come"), hairu (入る, "to enter"), etc.

[Place] + ni + [verb]

Let's look at some examples where we use ni with iku (行く, "to go") and kuru (来る, "to come").

Ext ra Inf o Place ni Verb "English"

明日 東京 に 行く "I'm going to Ashita Tōkyō ni iku Tokyo tomorrow."

毎日 ここ に 来る "I come here Mainichi koko ni kuru every day."

Let's look at an example from the dialogue.

For Example:

1. ケント君はサッカー部に入るの？ Kento-kun wa sakkābu ni hairu no? "Kent, you're joining the soccer club?"

Here, sakkābu ("soccer club") is not a place, but we use ni because we are using the verb hairu (入る, "to enter"), which almost always takes ni.

Language Tip: Asking a Quest ion wit h ~wa?

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 7

In the dialogue, Madoka's mother says, Getsu kara kin made? Donichi wa? (月から金ま で？土日は？) meaning "From Monday to Friday? What about the weekends?" Here, donichi refers to Saturday (doyōbi) and Sunday (nichiyōbi), or "the weekend." When asking about something in addition to something else, you can ask about it by using the particle wa. You can think of X wa? as being equivalent to "What about X?" or "How about X?" Look at the following conversation:

For Example:

1. まどか: エミせんぱい、お元気ですか？ Madoka: Emi-sempai, o-genki desu ka? Madoka: "Emi-sempai! How are you?" エミ: うん、元気だよ！まどかは？ Emi: Un, genki da yo! Madoka wa? Emi: "I'm great! How about you?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #22 - STAYING BUSY FROM MONDAY TO FRIDAY IN JAPAN 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #23 Do You Have a Minute to Help Out a Japanese Student?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 4 English 5 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 6 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 7 Grammar

# 23

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. 白山: （ぐー）腹へったー！ なぁ、ケント、おごるから、肉まん食べない？

2. ケント: いいね。

3. 白山: 肉まん、２つください。

4. 店員: はい。お会計３１５円です。

5. 白山: はい・・・あれ？財布がない。 ケント、悪い。金ある？

6. ケント: あ、ある。はい。

7. 店員: 1万円・・・ですか。 もう少し細かいのありませんか。

8. 白山: ケント、小銭ある？

9. ケント: ああ、あるある、はい。500円。

10. 白山: サンキュー。すぐ返す。

KANA

1. しろやま: （ぐー）はらへったー！ なぁ、ケント、おごるから、にくまんたべない？

2. ケント: いいね。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 2 3. しろやま: にくまん、２つください。

4. てんいん: はい。おかいけい３１５えんです。

5. しろやま: はい・・・あれ？さいふがない。 ケント、わるい。かねある？

6. ケント: あ、ある。はい。

7. てんいん: 1まんえん・・・ですか。 もうすこしこまかいのありませんか。

8. しろやま: ケント、こぜにある？

9. ケント: ああ、あるある、はい。500えん。

10. しろやま: サンキュー。すぐかえす。

ROMANIZATION

1. SHIROYAMA: (gū) Hara hettā! Nā, Kento, ogoru kara, nikuman tabenai?

2. KENTO: Ī ne.

3. SHIROYAMA: Nikuman, futatsu kudasai.

4. TEN'IN: Hai. O-kaikei san-byaku jū-go-en desu.

5. SHIROYAMA: Hai... Are? Saifu ga nai. Kento, warui. Kane aru?

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 3 6. KENTO: A, aru. Hai.

7. TEN'IN: Ichi-man-en... desu ka. Mō sukoshi komakai no arimasen ka.

8. SHIROYAMA: Kento, kozeni aru?

9. KENTO: Ā, aru aru, hai. Go-hyaku-en.

10. SHIROYAMA: Sankyū. Sugu kaesu.

ENGLISH

1. SHIROYAMA: (sound of stomach rumbling)I'm starving! Hey, Kent, want to eat some steamed meat buns? My treat.

2. KENT: Sure!

3. SHIROYAMA: Two steamed meat buns, please.

4. SHOP That will be 315 yen. ASSISTANT:

5. SHIROYAMA: Okay. Huh? I don't have my wallet. Kent, sorry, do you have any money?

6. KENT: Ah, yeah I do. Here.

7. SHOP Ten thousand yen...? ASSISTANT: You wouldn't have anything smaller, would you?

8. SHIROYAMA: Kent, do you have any small change?

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 4 9. KENT: Ah, I do, I do. Here. Five hundred yen.

10. SHIROYAMA: Thanks. I'll pay you back straight away.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

おごる おごる ogoru to treat; V1

to return, to give 返す かえす kaesu something back; V2

小銭 こぜに kozeni coins; small change

immediately, soon; すぐ すぐ sugu Adv

small; trivial; finely 細かい こまかい komakai detailed

a bit more, a little もう少し もうすこし mō sukoshi more

一万 いちまん ichi-man ten thousand

金 かね kane money

悪い わるい warui bad; i-Adj

財布 さいふ saifu wallet

会計 かいけい kaikei check, bill

steamed bun with 肉まん にくまん nikuman meat filling

to exist (for inanimate objects); ある ある aru to have

SAMPLE SENTENCES

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 5 お昼ごはんをおごって。 レンタルショップでビデオを返した。 O-hiru gohan o ogotte. rentaru shoppu de bideo o kaeshita.

Buy me lunch, will you? I returned some videos to the rental shop.

小銭を床に落としました。 すぐ行きます。 Kozeni o yuka ni otoshimashita. Sugu, ikimasu.

I dropped coins on the floor. I'm going soon.

細かいお金ある？ もう少しビールを飲みます。 Komakai o-kane aru? Mō sukoshi bīru o nomimasu.

Do you have any small change? I'll drink a little more beer.

この靴は一万円です。 お金が欲しいです。 Kono kutsu wa ichi-man-en desu. O-kane ga hoshī desu.

This pair of shoes is ten thousand yen. I want money.

悪い夢を見た。 かわいいさいふを買いました。 Warui yume o mita. Kawaii saifu o kaimashita.

I had a bad dream. I bought a cute wallet.

会計、おねがいします。 コンビニで肉まんを買いました。 Kaikei onegai shimasu. Konbini de nikuman o kaimashita.

Check, please. I bought a steamed meat bun at a convenience store.

にきびがたくさんある。 Nikibi ga takusan aru.

I have many pimples.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE o-kane (お金) "money" O-kane means "money." Most of the time, the polite prefix o- is attached to it, but in casual conversation, we will sometimes drop the o-, as we saw in the conversation where Shiroyama- kun says Kane aru? (金ある？), meaning "Do you have any money?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 6 warui (悪い) "bad"/"sorry" Warui is an i adjective that means "bad." You may already be familiar with this meaning. This word also has another meaning, however. We can use it to apologize in a very informal way. When we use it in that way, the meaning becomes "sorry" or "my bad." Male speakers often use it in this way.

ogoru (おごる) "to treat (someone to something)" Ogoru is a Class 1 verb meaning to treat someone to something, as in food or a drink. In the dialogue, Shiroyama-kun asks Kent whether he wants to eat nikuman, saying he will treat him to one.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Verb Aru / Arimasu. 金ある？ Kane aru? "Do you have any money?"

In this lesson, we'll look at the usage of the verb aru (あ る), which in the polite form is arimasu (あります). Aru is a verb that means "to be" or "to exist" (talking about existence) or "to have" (talking about possession). We'll take a look at how to use it to mean both "to be" and "to have" in this lesson. It is important to note that this only applies to inanimate objects. You cannot refer to people or animals using aru. In that case, you use the verb iru/ imasu, which we cover in the next lesson.

Using Aru/Arimasu t o Mean "t o Be," "t o Exist ," or "t o Have"

The two major meanings of aru are "to be" or "to exist" and "to have." You have to rely on the context to determine which meaning the speakers are using: "to exist" or "to have." The formation is [item you are talking about] + particle ga + aru.

Construction Japanese "English"

〜ga aru "There is/are 〜." Informal (〜がある) "(I) have 〜."

〜ga arimasu "There is/are 〜." Formal (〜があります) "(I) have 〜."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 7 Let's take a look at some examples.

For Example:

Inanimat e Object ga aru "English"

Konbini ga aru "There's a convenience (コンビニ) (がある) store."

Taiikukan ga aru (体育館) (がある) "There's a gymnasium."

O-kane ga ga aru (お金が) (がある) "(I) have money."

Eigo no tesuto 英語のテス ga aru ト (がある) "(I) have an English test."

For Example:

1. 白山： 金ある？ ケント：あ、ある。はい。 Shiroyama: Kane aru? Kento: A, aru. Hai. "Shiroyama: Do you have any money?" "Kent: Ah, yeah I do. Here."

2. 白山：ケント、小銭ある？ Shiroyama: Kento, kozeni aru? "Shiroyama: Kent, do you have any small change?"

The Negat ive Form of Aru

Now let's look at the negative form of aru/arimasu. Note that the negative form of aru (informal) is irregular:

Construction Japanese "English"

〜ga nai "There is/are no 〜." Informal (〜がない) "(I) don't have 〜."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 8 〜ga arimasen "There is/are no 〜." Formal (〜がありません) "(I) don't have 〜."

For Example:

1. 白山： あれ？財布がない。 Shiroyama:Are? Saifu ga nai. Shiroyama: "Huh? I don't have my wallet."

2. 店員：1万円・・・ですか。もう少し細かいのありませんか。 Ten'in: 1-man-en... desu ka. Mō sukoshi komakai no arimasen ka. "Shop assistant: Ten thousand yen...? You wouldn't have anything smaller, would you?"

Language Tip: Using No (の) t o Replace a Noun

In this dialogue, upon receiving a ten thousand yen bill, the shop clerk said Mō sukoshi komakai no arimasen ka (もう少し細か いのありませんか。), meaning "You wouldn't have anything smaller, would you?" Komakai is an i adjective that means "small" when referring to bills and coins. After komakai, we have the particle no. We can use the particle no in place of a noun when it is clear what you are talking about or when it would sound repetitive to include the noun. In the sentence above, the no stands for o-kane, meaning "money." For Example:

Komakai o-kane arimasen ka. ↓ Komakai no arimasen ka.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #23 - DO YOU HAVE A MINUTE TO HELP OUT A JAPANESE STUDENT? 9 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #24 You're Never There When I Call You in Japan

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 24

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. （電話)

2. 赤木まどか: はい、赤木です。

3. ケントのお父さん: あ、まどかちゃん？ケントの父です。 ケントいる？

4. 赤木まどか: 今、ちょっと・・・いません。

5. ケントのお父さん: いないの？どこにいるの？

6. 赤木まどか: 学校にいます。 サッカーの練習中です。

7. ケントのお父さん: あ、なるほど。 じゃ、ケントの携帯に電話するね。

8. 赤木まどか: はい。お願いします。

KANA

1. （でんわ)

2. あかぎまどか: はい、あかぎです。

3. ケントのおとうさ あ、まどかちゃん？ケントのちちです。 ん: ケントいる？

4. あかぎまどか: いま、ちょっと・・・いません。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 2 5. ケントのおとうさ いないの？どこにいるの？ ん:

6. あかぎまどか: がっこうにいます。 サッカーのれんしゅうちゅうです。

7. ケントのおとうさ あ、なるほど。 ん: じゃ、ケントのけいたいにでんわするね。

8. あかぎまどか: はい。おねがいします。

ROMANIZATION

1. ( denwa)

2. AKAGI MADOKA: Hai, Akagi desu.

3. KENTO NO O-TŌ- A, Madoka-chan? Kento no chichi desu. SAN: Kento iru?

4. AKAGI MADOKA: Ima, chotto... imasen.

5. KENTO NO O-TŌ- Inai no? Doko ni iru no? SAN:

6. AKAGI MADOKA: Gakkō ni imasu. Sakkā no renshūchū desu.

7. KENTO NO O-TŌ- A, naruhodo. SAN: Ja, Kento no keitai ni denwa suru ne.

8. AKAGI MADOKA: Hai. O-negai shimasu.

ENGLISH CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 3 1. (On the telephone)

2. MADOKA AKAGI: Yes, this is the Akagi residence.

3. KENT'S FATHER: Ah, Madoka? It's Kent's dad. Is Kent there?

4. MADOKA AKAGI: Um, right now he's actually...not here.

5. KENT'S FATHER: He's not there? Where is he?

6. MADOKA AKAGI: He's at school. He's in the middle of soccer practice.

7. KENT'S FATHER: Ah, I see. All right, I'll call his cell phone, then.

8. MADOKA AKAGI: Yes, please do.

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

学校 がっこう gakkō school

to be (animate), to いる いる iru exist; class 2

during practice; in 練習中 れんしゅうちゅう renshūchū the middle of practice

どこ どこ doko where

I see, that's right, なるほど なるほど naruhodo indeed

電話する でんわする denwa suru to make a phone call

携帯 けいたい keitai cell phone (abbr.)

SAMPLE SENTENCES JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 4 学校は家から、ちょっと遠いです。 その家には二匹の犬がいる。 Gakkō wa ie kara, chotto tōi desu. Sono ie ni wa ni-hiki no inu ga iru.

The school is a bit far from my home. There are two dogs in that house.

彼は今、バスケ練習中です。 沖縄はどこですか。 kare wa ima, basuke renshūchū desu. Okinawa wa doko desu ka.

He's in the middle of basketball practice right now. Where is Okinawa?

なるほど。それは分かりやすいですね。 毎晩、彼女に電話します。 Naruhodo. Sore wa wakari yasui desu ne. Maiban, kanojo ni denwa shimasu.

I see. That's easy to understand. I make a phone call to my girlfriend every night.

最近、携帯は高いです。 Saikin, keitai wa takai desu.

Cell phones are expensive nowadays.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE keitai (携帯) "cell phone" Keitai is short for keitai denwa (携帯電話), which means "cell phone" or "mobile phone". Keitai by itself originally meant "portable," but many people use it to mean cell phone in the same way we might say "cell" or "mobile" in English.

denwa suru (電話する) "to make a call" You may remember the noun denwa (電話), which refers to a "phone" or a "phone call." By adding the verb suru (する) to it, it becomes a verb, meaning "to make a phone call."

naruhodo (なるほど) "I see," "I get it" Naruhodo is a common phrase in Japanese meaning "I see" or "I get it." If someone explains something to you and makes something clear so that you understand, you can reply with naruhodo.

chū (中) "in the middle of" When the suffix -chū is attached to a noun that indicates action, it means "in the middle of something," " in a certain state," "during," or "while."

For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 5 1. benkyō (勉強) → benkyō-chū (勉強中) "in the middle of studying"

2. shigoto (仕事) → shigoto-chū (仕事中) "in the middle of working"

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is t he Verb Iru/Imasu. ケントい る？ Kent o iru? "Is Kent t here?"

In this lesson, we'll look at the usage of the verb iru (い る), which is imasu (います) in the polite form. Iru is a verb that means "to be" or "to exist" (talking about existence). It is very similar to the verb aru that we studied in the last lesson, but note that iru only applies to animate objects, such as people and animals.

Using Iru/Irimasu t o Mean "t o Be" or "t o Exist "

Iru means "to be" or "to exist" when talking about animate objects such as people or animals. The formation is [person/animal you are talking about] + particle ga + iru.

Construction Japanese "English"

〜ga iru "[person] is here" Informal (〜がいる) "There is/are 〜"

〜ga imasu "[person] is here" Formal (〜がいます) "There is/are 〜"

Let's take a look at some examples.

For Example:

Person/Animal ga iru "English"

Kento ga iru (ケント) (がいる) "Kent is here."

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 6 Sensei ga iru (先生) (がいる) "The teacher is here." ototo ga iru "(I) have a younger (弟) (がいる) brother."* kareshi ga iru (彼氏) (がいる) "(I) have a boyfriend."*

*When talking about members of your family ("I have a brother," etc.), we use the verb iru, and we translate it as "I have" in English. We also use this construction when talking about boyfriends or girlfriends.

For Example:

1. ケントのお父さん：ケントいる？ Kento no o-tō-san: Kento iru? Kent's Father: "Is Kent there?"

2. ケントのお父さん：どこにいるの？ 赤木まどか：学校にいます。 Kento no o-tō-san: Doko ni iru no? Akagi Madoka: Gakkō ni imasu. Kent's Father: "Where is he?" Madoka Akagi: "He's at school."

Negat ive Form of Iru/Imasu

Now let's look at the negative form of iru/imasu.

Construction Japanese "English"

〜ga inai "[person] isn't here." Informal (〜がいない) "There is/are no 〜."

〜ga imasen "[person] isn't here." Formal (〜がいません) "There is/are no 〜."

Let's take a look at some examples.

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 7 For Example:

Person/Animal ga inai "English"

Madoka ga inai (まどか) (がいない) "Madoka is not here."

Sensei ga inai (先生) (がいない) "The teacher is not here. "

kyōdai ga inai "(I) don't have any (兄弟) (がいない) siblings."

kanojo ga inai (彼女) (がいない) "(I) don't have a girlfriend."

For Example:

1. 赤木まどか：今、ちょっと・・・いません。 Akagi Madoka: Ima, chotto...imasen. Madoka Akagi: "Um, right now he's actually...not here."

2. ケントのお父さん：いないの？ Kento no o-tō-san: Inai no? "Kent's Father: He's not there?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #24 - YOU'RE NEVER THERE WHEN I CALL YOU IN JAPAN 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #25 What Will It Take for You to Visit Me in Japan?

CONTENTS

2 Kanji 2 Kana 3 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar

# 25

COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KANJI

1. ケント: もしもし？

2. ケントのお父さん: あ、ケント？今時間ある？

3. ケント: うん。あるけど・・・何？

4. ケントのお父さん: 今週、お父さん、仕事で京都に行くから、京都に来ないか？

5. ケント: 京都？遠いなぁ。 週末、サッカーの試合があるから・・・。

6. ケントのお父さん: そうか・・・残念だなぁ。 母さんのショートブレッドを持って行くけど・・・。

7. ケント: え？あ・・・行く。行く。

KANA

1. ケント: もしもし？

2. ケントのおとうさ あ、ケント？いまじかんある？ ん:

3. ケント: うん。あるけど・・・なに？

4. ケントのおとうさ こんしゅう、おとうさん、しごとできょうとにいくから、きょうと ん: にこないか？

5. ケント: きょうと？とおいなぁ。 しゅうまつ、サッカーのしあいがあるから・・・。

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 2 6. ケントのおとうさ そうか・・・ ん: ざんねんだなぁ。かあさんのショートブレッドをもっていくけ ど・・・。

7. ケント: え？あ・・・いく。いく。

ROMANIZATION

1. KENTO: Moshimoshi?

2. KENTO NO O-TŌ- A, Kento? Ima jikan aru? SAN:

3. KENTO: Un. Aru kedo... Nani?

4. KENTO NO O-TŌ- Konshū, o-tō-san, shigoto de Kyōto ni iku kara, Kyōto ni konai ka? SAN:

5. KENTO: Kyōto? Tōi nā. Shūmatsu, sakkā no shiai ga aru kara....

6. KENTO NO O-TŌ- Sōka... zannen da nā. SAN: Kā-san no shōtobureddo o motte iku kedo...

7. KENTO: E? A... Iku. Iku.

ENGLISH

1. KENT: Hello?

2. KENT'S FATHER: Ah, Kent? Do you have time to talk now?

CONT'D OVER

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 3 3. KENT: Yeah, I do, but...what is it?

4. KENT'S FATHER: This week I'm going to Kyoto on business, so why don't you come to Kyoto too?

5. KENT: Kyoto? That's far... I have a soccer game this weekend, so...

6. KENT'S FATHER: I see... That's a shame. I'll be taking your mother's homemade shortbread, but...

7. KENT: What? Ah...I'll go, I'll go!

VOCABULARY

Kanji Kana Romaji English

遠い とおい tōi far, distant; i-Adj

もって行く もって行く motte iku to take

試合 しあい shiai game, match

週末 しゅうまつ shūmatsu weekend

何 なに nani, nan what

京都 きょうと kyōto Kyoto

仕事 しごと shigoto work, job

今週 こんしゅう konshū this week

時間 じかん jikan time

too bad, 残念 ざんねん zannen regrettable;Adj(na)

SAMPLE SENTENCES

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 4 病院はここから遠いですか。 会社にお菓子を持って行きました。 Byōin wa koko kara tooi desu ka. kaisha ni o-kashi o motte ikimashita.

Is the hospital far from here? I brought some snacks to the office.

試合は８時からです。 この週末、友だちと温泉へ行きます。 Shiai wa hachi-ji kara desu. Kono shūmatsu, tomodachi to onsen e ikimasu.

The game starts at 8 o'clock. I'm going to a hot springs resort with my friend this weekend.

ラッシーは何ですか。 うちから京都はとても近いです。 Rassī wa nan desu ka. Uchi kara Kyōto wa totemo chikai desu.

What's lassi? It's pretty close from my house to Kyoto.

仕事をください。 今週の日曜日、暇ですか。 Shigoto o kudasai. Konshū no nichiyōbi, hima desu ka.

Please give me a job. Are you free this Sunday?

時間がありますか。 残念ですね。 Jikan ga arimasu ka. Zannen desu ne.

Do you have time? That's too bad.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE konshū (今週) "this week"

shūmatsu (週末) "weekend" Shūmatsu is a word that means "weekend." You can also add different prefixes to specify which weekend you are talking about: senshūmatsu (先週末, meaning "last weekend"), konshūmatsu (今週末, meaning "this weekend"), and raishūmatsu (来週末, meaning "next weekend").

zannen (残念) "too bad," "a shame" Zannen is a word that we translate as "that's too bad" or "that's a shame." To make it formal, add desu to get zannen desu.

motte iku (持って行く) "to take" Motte iku is a phrase that means "to take (an object)." It combines the verbs motsu (持つ,

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 5 meaning "to hold" or "to have") and iku (行く, meaning "to go"). You mark the item you are taking with the particle o.

GRAMMAR

The Focus of This Lesson Is Expressing Reasons wit h Kara (から). 今週、 仕事で京都に行くから、京都に来ないか？ Konshū, shigot o de Kyōt o ni iku kara, Kyōt o ni konai ka? "This week I'm going t o Kyot o on business, so why don't you come t o Kyot o t oo?"

In this lesson, we will look at the conjunction kara, which we use to express a reason for something. We usually translate it as "because" or "so" in English.

The Conjunction Kara (から)

Kara (から) is a conjunction that indicates a reason or cause. When using kara in this manner, the reason always comes before kara, and the result (or invitation, suggestion, etc.) comes after.

Reason Kara Result "English"

"I'm sleepy so I'm going to go to Nemui (眠い) kara neru (ねる) bed."/"I'm going "I'm sleepy" (から) "sleep" to bed because I'm sleepy."

"There's a test Ashita tesuto ga tomorrow so I'm going to aru (明日テストが 勉強する kara study."/"I'm going ) benkyō suru ある (から) to study because "There's a test "study" there's a test tomorrow." tomorrow."

tabete kudasai (食 "They're delicious, so please try Oishii (おいしい) kara べてください) them!" "Delicious" (から) "please eat"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 6 As we saw in the dialogue (see the first example below), the phrase that comes after kara is not only limited to a result. A phrase of invitation or suggestion can also come after kara.

Examples f rom This Dialogue

1. 今週、仕 事で京都に行くか ら、京都に来ないか？ Konshū, shigoto de Kyōto ni iku kara, Kyōto ni konai ka? "This week I'm going to Kyoto on business, so why don't you come to Kyoto too?"

2. 週末、サッカーの試合があるから・・・。 Shūmatsu, sakkā no shiai ga aru kara... "I have a soccer game this weekend, so... (I can't go, etc.)."

Reviewing Kedo (けど)

In the eleventh lesson, we took a look at the conjunction kedo, which means "but." [Phrase 1] + kedo + [Phrase 2] ↓ [Phrase 1] "but " [Phrase 2]

Phrase 1 Kedo (けど) Phrase 2 "English"

Yasui kedo oishii "It's cheap but (安い) (けど) (おいしい) delicious."

Takai kedo kau "It's expensive, but (高い) (けど) (買う) I'll buy it."

Muzukashii kedo omoashiroi "It's difficult but (むずかしい) (けど) (おもしろい) interesting."

As we saw in the dialogue (see the second example below), the phrase after kedo can trail off and we can omit it. What comes after kedo is implied and left for the listener to determine. For Example:

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 7 1. ケントのお父さん：あ、ケント？今時間ある？ ケント：うん。あるけど・・・何？ Kento no o-tō-san: A, Kento? Ima jikan aru? Kento: Un. Aru kedo... Nani? Kent's Father: "Ah, Kent? Do you have time to talk now?" Kent: "Yeah, I do, but...what is it?"

2. ケントのお父さん： 母さんのショートブレッドを持って行くけど・・・。 Kento no o-tō-san: Kā-san no shōtobureddo o motte iku kedo... Kent's Father: "I'll be taking your mother's homemade shortbread, but..."

Language Tip: Invit ing Someone wit h Negat ive Form + Ka

To invite someone to do something in Japanese, you can use the negative form of the verb plus the question particle ka.

For Example:

1. 京都に来ないか？ Kyōto ni konai ka? "Why don't you come to Kyoto too?"

While in formal Japanese it sounds polite to invite someone using ~masen ka, in informal Japanese, using the particle ka after the informal negative form of a verb as seen above is a characteristic of male speech. Instead, for a softer tone in informal speech, you may want to leave off the ka and use the negative form of the verb by itself with a rising intonation.

For Example:

1. パーティーに来ない？ Pātī ni konai? "Want to come to the party?"

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #25 - WHAT WILL IT TAKE FOR YOU TO VISIT ME IN JAPAN? 8 LESSON NOTES Newbie S5 #26 Perfect Japanese Pronunciation Made Easy

CONTENTS

2 Grammar

# 26

COPYRIGHT © 2017 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. GRAMMAR

Pronunciation Pract ice

1. "Su (す)" V.S. "Tsu (つ)"

Su ki (好き) Tsu ki (月) = likable = moon

Su mi (隅) Tsu mi (罪) = corner = sin

Su mi masu (住みます) Tsu mi masu (積みます) = to live = to pile up

Su i ka (すいか) Tsu i ka (追加) = watermelon = addition

U su i-san (薄井さん) U tsu i-san (宇津井さん) = Mr./Ms. Usui = Mr./Ms. Utsui

Ka su (課す) Ka tsu (勝つ) = to impose = to win

Misu (ミス) Mi tsu (みつ) = mistake = syrup

2. Small "Tsu (つ)"

Ka ko （過去） Kakko (カッコ) = past = brackets

Ni shi (西) Nisshi (日誌) = west = daily report

Ki te (着て) Kitte (切手) = to wear (te form) = stamps

Ka ta (肩) Katta (勝った) = shoulders = won

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #26 - PERFECT JAPANESE PRONUNCIATION MADE EASY 2 Ma sa o (まさお) Massao (真っ青) = Masao (a name of a person) = deep blue

Practice saying the following sentences.

● Masao massao. （マサオ 真っ青） = Masao looks very pale. ● Kitte katte kite. （切手買ってきて） = Go and get some stamps.

Good-byes

Informal Ja. or Jā. じゃ。 or じゃあ。

それじゃ。 or それじゃ Informal Soreja. or Sorejā. あ。

じゃ、また。 Or じゃあ、 Informal Ja mata. or Jāmata また。

Informal Baibai. バイバイ

Formal Dewa. では。

Formal Sore dewa. それでは。

Formal Dewa mata. では、また。

Formal Sayōnara さようなら。

Formal Shitsurei shimasu しつれいします。

Long vowels - Ei and Ou sounds

Japanese spelling in → Pronunciation Hiragana

えいが (movie） → ei ga

えいご (English） → ei go

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #26 - PERFECT JAPANESE PRONUNCIATION MADE EASY 3 すいえい (swimming) → su i ei

けいさつ (police) → kei sa tsu

Japanese spelling in → Pronunciation Hiragana

きのう (yesterday） → ki nō

くうこう (airport) → kū kō

とうきょう (Tokyo) → Tō kyō

さようなら (Good bye) → Sayōnara

JAPANESEPOD101.COM NEWBIE S5 #26 - PERFECT JAPANESE PRONUNCIATION MADE EASY 4 Intro 14 Choosing the Right Japanese Birthday Gift Is Tricky! 1 If You're Going to Say It in Japanese, You Better 15 What Will You Do Tomorrow in Japan? Say It Right! 16 How You Can Develop Good Japanese Habits 2 Have You Met My Japanese Friend? 17 Do You Want to Come and Play Japanese Sports 3 Being Polite Is Not Just a Formality in Japanese with Us? 4 Are You Hungry Enough to Eat That Unidentified 18 Won't You Get Hungry If You Don't Eat in Japan? Japanese Food? 19 You Won't Be Able to Tear Yourself Away from 5 Whoa, What's That in Your Japanese Lunchbox? This Japanese Lesson! 6 Japan Isn't Far Away 20 You're Going to be Late for the Flight in Japan! 7 That Japanese Model Isn't Just Pretty - She's Hot! 21 When Will You Stop Asking Me Questions in 8 Show Some Respect for Your Japanese Elders! Japanese? 9 Are You Coming or Going in Japanese? 22 Staying Busy from Monday to Friday in Japan 10 I Love Learning Japanese Too! 23 Do You Have a Minute to Help Out a Japanese 11 We Know You're Busy, But There's Always Time Student? for Japanese! 24 You're Never There When I Call You in Japan 12 Are You Cross-Examining Me in Japanese? 25 What Will It Take for You to Visit Me in Japan? 13 Want to Shop for Birthday Presents in Japan? 26 Perfect Japanese Pronunciation Made Easy

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