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Instrumental Song of Saint Yaredic Chant Derived Automatic Pentatonic Scale Identification: Bagana

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Instrumental Song of Saint Yaredic Chant Derived Automatic Pentatonic Scale Identification: Bagana DSpace Institution DSpace Repository http://dspace.org Computer Science thesis 2020-03-17 INSTRUMENTAL SONG OF SAINT YAREDIC CHANT DERIVED AUTOMATIC PENTATONIC SCALE IDENTIFICATION: BAGANA BAYE, WENDIMU http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10546 Downloaded from DSpace Repository, DSpace Institution's institutional repository BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF RESEARCH AND POST GRADUATE STUDIES FACULTY OF COMPUTING INSTRUMENTAL SONG OF SAINT YAREDIC CHANT DERIVED AUTOMATIC PENTATONIC SCALE IDENTIFICATION: BAGANA WENDIMU BAYE MESSELLE Bahir Dar, Ethiopia February, 2019 INSTRUMENTAL SONG OF SAINT YAREDIC CHANT DERIVED AUTOMATIC PENTATONIC SCALE IDENTIFICATION: BAGANA WENDIMU BAYE MESSELLE This Thesis work is submitted to the school of Research and Graduate Studies of Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in the Computer Science in the Faculty of Computing Advisor Name: Tesfa Tegenge (Phd) Co-Advisor Name: Arch Singer Getachew Birhanu (MA) Bahir Dar, Ethiopia February 25, 2019 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that the thesis comprises my own work. In compliance with internationally accepted practices, I have acknowledged and refereed all materials used in this work. I understand that non-adherence to the principles of academic honesty and integrity, misrepresentation/ fabrication of any idea/data/fact/source will constitute sufficient ground for disciplinary action by the University and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have not been properly cited or acknowledged. i © 2019 Wendimu Baye Messelle ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii iii To all my best family iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Before all, I approach my greatest praise and honor to the God of Heaven and His Mother and My Mother of perpetual help Saint Merry for blessing me in my life and providing me what is more important for me rather than what I want to be and making me the impossible seems, possible. I would like to also label my special gratitude goes to my knowledge father and advisor Tesfa Tegegne(Phd) for his helpful comments, guidance ,suggestions and supervision starting from the instant of the problem devising even after that coordinating my work by following my weekly portioned tasks. I would like to thank to the community of Bahir Dar Saint Yared Bagana Training Giving Center, Gonder, and Fnoteselam branches and Addis Ababa Sisay Bagana specially Arch singer Getachew Birhanu, Instructor Solomon, and Sisay Demissie for helping me in consulting and collecting data. My special gratitude, honor and thank goes to my knowledge father as well as class advisor Dr.Gebeyoh Belay for his unforgettable memory and ever consultancy encouragement throughout my PG class and thesis work. Last but not least i like to approach my heartedly thank to my best friends and families for their ideas and right help during the work. Wendimu Baye v ABSTRACT Song is a real occasion which is living with human life. Due to this, human had been using different accompanying instrument and discovering abstracts or features of song/music for better expression of their emotion (happiness, repentance and sadness). Even if, features of song /music have been set and standardized literally, but identifying in computerized way is somehow a challenging task. Among features of song/music scale is one sub-feature which play an important role in uniquely identifying melodies, since its properties are reflected to the melodic essence. The extraction and understanding of music scales are also essential in information analysis, retrieval and composition of music. In addition religious institutions like orthodoxy Christian, Muslim and including other institutions are very sensitive to music scales. Consequently, classic algorithms for identifying pentatonic scales have been designed based on the most popular scales; major and minor scales. In this research, we designed a model for identifying well-known Ethiopian traditional lyre Bagana song scales, such as Selamta, Wanen, Chernet and Bati Major. To identify the scales primarily we have compare three sample pitch detection approaches. Approaches like time, frequency and hybrid domain such as PYIN, ACF, CCF, SHS, and CAF. When we apply the detector algorithm on 713 melodies which were prepared for pitch detection we got the accuracy 98.4, 74%, 76%, 68% and 72% respectively. In this study, rule base approach is used by using PYIN, we extracted pitches frequency and it is converted to pitch note. Based on pitch occurrence ranking is performed. When extra pitch is not occurred normal identification were going to be performed, otherwise, by setting threshold value identification is done. Finally, the proposed model is tested on the data collected about 1357 of different audio category from concerned Bagana training institutes. The experimental result is shown (accuracy for single and double strumming 94.7% and 81.65% respectively). Keywords: - pentatonic-scales, pitch set order, scale identification, range, major and minor key vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. v ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Motivation ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1. Historical Motivation ............................................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Technological Motivation ........................................................................................ 4 1.3. Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 5 1.4. Objective .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1. General Objective .................................................................................................... 7 1.4.2. Specific Objective .................................................................................................... 7 1.5. Scope and Limitation of the study ................................................................................... 8 1.6. Significance of the study .................................................................................................. 8 1.7. Beneficiary of this research.............................................................................................. 9 1.8. Methodology of the study ................................................................................................ 9 1.8.1. Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 9 1.8.2. Implementation Tools .............................................................................................. 9 1.9. Research Design............................................................................................................. 10 1.10. Structure of the thesis ................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER – TWO ...................................................................................................................... 12 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.1. Overview ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.2. Pitch detection approaches ............................................................................................. 15 2.2.1. Pitch extraction Tools ............................................................................................ 20 2.3. The Ethiopian Lyre Bagana ........................................................................................... 22 2.3.1. Bagana physical architecture and Strumming ........................................................ 22 vii 2.3.2. Ethiopian Bagana Song architecture ...................................................................... 22 2.4. Research works in Bagana ............................................................................................. 23 2.4.1. Anti-pattern Discovery in Ethiopian Bagana Songs .............................................. 23 2.4.2. Contrast Pattern Mining of Ethiopian Bagana Songs ............................................ 23 2.4.3. Generating Structured Music For Bagana Using Quality .....................................
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