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Geometry of the Butterknowle Fault at Bishop Auckland (County Durham, UK), from Gravity Survey and Structural Inversion
ESSOAr | https:/doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10501104.1 | CC_BY_NC_ND_4.0 | First posted online: Mon, 11 Nov 2019 01:27:37 | This content has not been peer reviewed. Geometry of the Butterknowle Fault at Bishop Auckland (County Durham, UK), from gravity survey and structural inversion Rob Westaway 1,*, Sean M. Watson 1, Aaron Williams 1, Tom L. Harley 2, and Richard Middlemiss 3 1 James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, James Watt (South) Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. 2 WSP, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AF, UK. 3 School of Physics, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. * Correspondence: [email protected]; Abstract: The Butterknowle Fault is a major normal fault of Dinantian age in northern England, bounding the Stainmore Basin and the Alston Block. This fault zone has been proposed as a source of deep geothermal energy; to facilitate the design of a geothermal project in the town of Bishop Auckland further investigation of its geometry was necessary and led to the present study. We show using three-dimensional modelling of a dense local gravity survey, combined with structural inversion, that this fault has a ramp-flat-ramp geometry, ~250 m of latest Carboniferous / Early Permian downthrow having occurred on a fault surface that is not a planar updip continuation of that which had accommodated the many kilometres of Dinantian extension. The gravity survey also reveals relatively low-density sediments in the hanging-wall of the Dinantian fault, interpreted as porous alluvial fan deposits, indicating that a favourable geothermal target indeed exists in the area. -
The Myth of the Standard Gauge
The Myth of the Standard Guage: Rail Guage Choice in Australia, 1850-1901 Author Mills, John Ayres Published 2007 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School Griffith Business School DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/426 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366364 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au THE MYTH OF THE STANDARD GAUGE: RAIL GAUGE CHOICE IN AUSTRALIA, 1850 – 1901 JOHN AYRES MILLS B.A.(Syd.), M.Prof.Econ. (U.Qld.) DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING, FINANCE & ECONOMICS GRIFFITH BUSINESS SCHOOL GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2006 ii ABSTRACT This thesis describes the rail gauge decision-making processes of the Australian colonies in the period 1850 – 1901. Federation in 1901 delivered a national system of railways to Australia but not a national railway system. Thus the so-called “standard” gauge of 4ft. 8½in. had not become the standard in Australia at Federation in 1901, and has still not. It was found that previous studies did not examine cause and effect in the making of rail gauge choices. This study has done so, and found that rail gauge choice decisions in the period 1850 to 1901 were not merely one-off events. Rather, those choices were part of a search over fifty years by government representatives seeking colonial identity/autonomy and/or platforms for election/re-election. Consistent with this interpretation of the history of rail gauge choice in the Australian colonies, no case was found where rail gauge choice was a function of the disciplined search for the best value-for-money option. -
Annual Report 2018/19 (PDF)
JAGUAR LAND ROVER AUTOMOTIVE PLC Annual Report 2018/19 STRATEGIC REPORT 1 Introduction THIS YEAR MARKED A SERIES OF HISTORIC MILESTONES FOR JAGUAR LAND ROVER: TEN YEARS OF TATA OWNERSHIP, DURING WHICH WE HAVE ACHIEVED RECORD GROWTH AND REALISED THE POTENTIAL RATAN TATA SAW IN OUR TWO ICONIC BRANDS; FIFTY YEARS OF THE EXTRAORDINARY JAGUAR XJ, BOASTING A LUXURY SALOON BLOODLINE UNLIKE ANY OTHER; AND SEVENTY YEARS SINCE THE FIRST LAND ROVER MOBILISED COMMUNITIES AROUND THE WORLD. TODAY, WE ARE TRANSFORMING FOR TOMORROW. OUR VISION IS A WORLD OF SUSTAINABLE, SMART MOBILITY: DESTINATION ZERO. WE ARE DRIVING TOWARDS A FUTURE OF ZERO EMISSIONS, ZERO ACCIDENTS AND ZERO CONGESTION – EVEN ZERO WASTE. WE SEEK CONSCIOUS REDUCTIONS, EMBRACING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND GIVING BACK TO SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGIES ARE CHANGING BUT THE CORE INGREDIENTS OF JAGUAR LAND ROVER REMAIN THE SAME: RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS PRACTICES, CUTTING-EDGE INNOVATION AND OUTSTANDING PRODUCTS THAT OFFER OUR CUSTOMERS A COMPELLING COMBINATION OF THE BEST BRITISH DESIGN AND ENGINEERING INTEGRITY. CUSTOMERS ARE AT THE HEART OF EVERYTHING WE DO. WHETHER GOING ABOVE AND BEYOND WITH LAND ROVER, OR BEING FEARLESSLY CREATIVE WITH JAGUAR, WE WILL ALWAYS DELIVER EXPERIENCES THAT PEOPLE LOVE, FOR LIFE. The Red Arrows over Solihull at Land Rover’s 70th anniversary celebration 2 JAGUAR LAND ROVER AUTOMOTIVE PLC ANNUAL REPORT 2018/19 STRATEGIC REPORT 3 Introduction CONTENTS FISCAL YEAR 2018/19 AT A GLANCE STRATEGIC REPORT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 3 Introduction 98 Independent Auditor’s report to the members -
Bulletin of the Veteran Car Club of South Australia, Inc
Bulletin of the Veteran Car Club of South Australia, Inc. www.vccsa.org.au Vol. 8, No. 2 – September 2013 Chairman: Phil Keane 8277 2468 Treasurer: Tim Rettig 8338 2590 Secretary: Hamish McDonald 8556 2271 Rallymaster: Neil Francis 8373 4992 Committee: Peter Allen 8353 3438 Terry Parker 8331 3445 Public Officer Dudley Pinnock 8379 2441 Website Coordinator : Frank Cord-Udy. [email protected] Address for Correspondence: P.O.Box 193, Unley Business Centre, Unley 5061 Email: [email protected] Website: www.vccsa.org.au Bulletin editor : Tony Beaven 0407 716 162 [email protected] Club Annual Dinner A Fun Birthday Evening Dinner. The prawns were delicious and the Coffin Bay oysters were amazing. The steak was excellent and the salmon was fantastic. Our 7 th Birthday on Saturday 13 th July at the Earl of Leicester Hotel was a great success. It was good to see the attendance of our new young members, Ilona Flockhart and Nick McNeil, representing the new generation of Veteran vehicle enthusiasts. Our other latest member Jeff Parish was also there with his wife Halina. Bill and Kath Austin celebrated their sixtieth wedding anniversary on the evening with their long time friends present. Our near country members Michael and Shirley Sheehan and David and Minetta Laubsch were also in attendance. The number of single persons attending on the evening shows that they know they will be among like minded friends on an evening out with club members. Chairman Phil spoke of the short, but proud, history of the Club, and a toast to its continuing success was met with gusto. -
County Durham Settlement Study September 2017 Planning the Future of County Durham 1 Context
County Durham Plan Settlement Study June 2018 Contents 1. CONTEXT 2 2. METHODOLOGY 3 3. SCORING MATRIX 4 4. SETTLEMENTS 8 County Durham Settlement Study September 2017 Planning the future of County Durham 1 Context 1 Context County Durham has a population of 224,000 households (Census 2011) and covers an area of 222,600 hectares. The County stretches from the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in the west to the North Sea Heritage Coast in the east and borders Gateshead and Sunderland, Northumberland, Cumbria and Hartlepool, Stockton, Darlington and North Yorkshire. Although commonly regarded as a predominantly rural area, the County varies in character from remote and sparsely populated areas in the west, to the former coalfield communities in the centre and east, where 90% of the population lives east of the A68 road in around half of the County by area. The Settlement Study 2017 seeks to provide an understanding of the number and range of services available within each of the 230 settlements within County Durham. (a) Identifying the number and range of services and facilities available within a settlement is useful context to inform decision making both for planning applications and policy formulation. The range and number of services within a settlement is usually, but not always, proportionate to the size of its population. The services within a settlement will generally determine a settlement's role and sphere of influence. This baseline position provides one aspect for considering sustainability and should be used alongside other relevant, local circumstances. County Durham a 307 Settlements if you exclude clustering 2 Planning the future of County Durham County Durham Settlement Study September 2017 Methodology 2 2 Methodology This Settlement Study updates the versions published in 2009 and 2012 and an updated methodology has been produced following consultation in 2016. -
The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway
The 1825 S&DR: Preparing for 2025; Significance & Management. The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway: Historic Environment Audit Volume 1: Significance & Management October 2016 Archaeo-Environment for Durham County Council, Darlington Borough Council and Stockton on Tees Borough Council. Archaeo-Environment Ltd for Durham County Council, Darlington Borough Council and Stockton Borough Council 1 The 1825 S&DR: Preparing for 2025; Significance & Management. Executive Summary The ‘greatest idea of modern times’ (Jeans 1974, 74). This report arises from a project jointly commissioned by the three local authorities of Darlington Borough Council, Durham County Council and Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council which have within their boundaries the remains of the Stockton & Darlington Railway (S&DR) which was formally opened on the 27th September 1825. The report identifies why the S&DR was important in the history of railways and sets out its significance and unique selling point. This builds upon the work already undertaken as part of the Friends of Stockton and Darlington Railway Conference in June 2015 and in particular the paper given by Andy Guy on the significance of the 1825 S&DR line (Guy 2015). This report provides an action plan and makes recommendations for the conservation, interpretation and management of this world class heritage so that it can take centre stage in a programme of heritage led economic and social regeneration by 2025 and the bicentenary of the opening of the line. More specifically, the brief for this Heritage Trackbed Audit comprised a number of distinct outputs and the results are summarised as follows: A. Identify why the S&DR was important in the history of railways and clearly articulate its significance and unique selling point. -
Our Heritage Festival 2021 - Bishop Auckland and Stockton & Darlington Railway
Our Heritage Festival 2021 - Bishop Auckland and Stockton & Darlington Railway 10 - 27 September 2021 Bishop Auckland Heritage Action Zone and the Stockton & Darlington Railway Heritage Action Zone - working together to bring heritage to life Bookings: text or phone 07825 856451 Email: [email protected] Facebook: @bishopaucklandhaz . t e e r t S y a w l i a R Who do we think we are and what exactly is heritage? n o m u e Join in this journey of discovery and share your stories s u M s ’ and memories of the town and its people. Research e l p o e your family and local history, learn about the latest P e h t discoveries, enjoy free exhibitions and events – and w o n , enter our competition to win two free tickets to the e m o r last showing of Kynren on Saturday 11 September. d o p ip H ld The festival runs online, in person and on the radio. O e th r We’re delighted to be partnering with 105.9 Bishop FM. a ne d te Do join in and spread the word, wherever you are. ain l p ura A l m We look forward to seeing you. n aure n Stan L e A l l e n w i t h L o c a Anne Allen l l i s t i n Heritage Action Zone Project Manager g s o f ic e r s Eh . Bookings: text or phone 07825 856451 r k. s e c e n i Sm nd h ith Cu c and Georgia r A Email: [email protected] n e v le E t, Links to online activities will be posted on the Bishop Auckland Heritage uc ad vi The ay Action Zone website from 10 September www.durham.gov.uk/haz Victorian railw www.bishopfm.com Facebook: @bishopaucklandhaz Free tickets to Kynren competition Saturday 11 September is the last show this year of Kynren 11arches.com/kynren a sound and light show telling the story of England. -
The Way of Life Route Gainford To
Northern Saints Trails The Way of Life Gainford to Durham Introduction This guide gives directions for travelling The Way of Life from Gainford to Durham. All the Northern Saints Trails use the same waymark shown on the left. The total distance is 47 kilometres or 29 miles. I have divided the route into 4 sections between 11 and 14 kilometres. This pilgrimage route, along with the Ways of Love, Light and Learning, all lead to the shrine of St Cuthbert in Durham. This route would have been the closest to St Cuthbert’s final journey in his coffin from Ripon to Durham in 995. He had died over 300 years earlier, but the monks who carried that coffin believed that by his spirit he continued to be alive and to guide them. This is why this route is called the Way of Life. Water is a symbol of life, so it is appropriate that the route begins by a well and a river. Section 1 Gainford to West Auckland – 11km Gainford Gainford is an ancient site. There was a Saxon church here in the 8th century. The presence of St Mary’s Well on the south side of the present church facing the river is significant, because the early Christians often chose and cleansed sites formerly associated with pagan devotion, which often centred on springs or water courses. Fragments of Anglo-Saxon sculpture found inside and around the church are further evidence that an ancient Christian community existed on this site, whilst sculpture combining Northumbrian and Norse motifs reflects subsequent Scandinavian settlement in the region. -
Daimler One-O-Four DF310 Overview
Daimler One-O-Four DF310 Overview Origins of the name Daimler Confusingly, the name Daimler is used by two completely separate groups of car manufacturers. The history of both companies can be traced back to the German engineer Gottlieb Daimler who built the first cars in 1889. This was the origin of the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, which is translated as Daimler Motor Company, which has manufactured vehicles since the 1890s. Gottlieb Daimler died in 1900, having sold licences to use the Daimler name in a number of countries. The licence granted in 1891 to the British F. R. Simms & Co included the right to use the Daimler name in Great Britain and in 1896 the British Daimler Motor Company was founded. History of the Daimler Motor Company (GB) The Daimler Motor Company Limited, was an independent In the 1950s, Daimler stopped making Lanchesters, and tried British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in London by H. to widen its appeal with a line of new developed sport cars J. Lawson in 1896, which set up its manufacturing base in and high-performance luxury limousines. Their chairman, Sir Coventry. The company bought the right to the use of the Bernard Docker and his newly married wife Norah Collins Daimler name simultaneously from Gottlieb Daimler and performed highly publicised extravagances. This led to the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft of Cannstatt, Germany. After fact that the newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II, who had a early financial difficulty and a reorganization of the company preference for Rolls-Royce anyway, did not use Daimler for in 1904, the Daimler Motor Company was purchased by official events since 1955. -
The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway: Historic Environment Audit Appendix 2. West Auckland to Shildon. October 2016 (2019
The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway: Historic Environment Audit Appendix 2. West Auckland to Shildon. October 2016 (2019 revision) Archaeo-Environment for Durham County Council, Darlington Borough Council and Stockton Council. U rmaeo-Envimnment 11c1 Archaeo-Environment Ltd Marian Cottage Lartington Barnard Castle County Durham DL129BP TeVFax: (01833) 650573 Email: [email protected] Web: www.aenvironment.co.uk NOTE This report and its appendices were first issued in October 2016. Subsequently it was noted that some references to S&DR sites identified during fieldwork and given project reference numbers (PRNS) on an accompanying GIS project and spreadsheet had been referred to with the wrong PRN in the report and appendices. This revision of 2019 corrects those errors but in all other respects remains the same as that issued in 2016. The 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway: Historic Environment Audit: West Auckland to Shildon. Introduction This report is one of a series covering the length of the 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railway. It results from a programme of fieldwork and desk based research carried out between October 2015 and March 2016 by Archaeo-Environment and local community groups, in particular the Friends of the 1825 S&DR. This report outlines a series of opportunities for heritage led regeneration along the line which through enhanced access, community events, improved conservation and management, can create an asset twenty-six miles long through areas of low economic output which will encourage visitors from across the world to explore the embryonic days of the modern railway. In doing so, there will be opportunities for public and private investment in providing improved services and a greater sense of pride in the important role the S&DR had in developing the world’s railways. -
Way of Life (North to South)
1 North to South Introduction This guide gives directions for travelling The Way of Life from Durham to Gainford. The Way of Life follows the same route as The Camino Ingles which starts at Finchale Priory north of Durham, so you can follow those waymarks as well as Northern Saints Trails signs. This pilgrimage route, along with the Ways of Love, Light and Learning, all lead to or from the shrine of St Cuthbert in Durham. This route would have been the closest to St Cuthbert’s final journey in his coffin from Ripon to Durham in 995. He had died over 300 years earlier, but the monks who carried that coffin believed that by his spirit he continued to be alive and to guide them. This is why this route is called the Way of Life. Water is a symbol of life, so it is appropriate that the route begins by the River Wear and ends at St Mary’s Well by the River Tees. Distances are approximate. The total distance is 47 kilometres or 29 miles. I have divided the route into 4 sections between 11 and 14 kilometres. The section numbers were originally allocated from south to north, so we start with section 4 and end with section 1. Section 4 Durham to Tudhoe - 11 kms/7 miles After leaving the cathedral facing Palace Green, turn right along the north side of the cathedral into Dun Cow Lane and then turn right to go down North Bailey which soon becomes South Bailey. There are many interesting buildings as you walk along the cobbled street, including the church of St Mary the Less on your right. -
The Way of Life Route Description
1 Introduction This first draft gives directions for travelling The Way of Life from Gainford to Durham. Where there is a heading in red is where there either is now or will be some extra information about a particular location. Distances are approximate. The total distance is 47 Kilometres or 29 miles. I have divided the route into 4 sections between 11 and 14 kilometres. Section 1 Gainford to West Auckland 11 km Gainford Gainford is an ancient site. There was a Saxon church here in the 8th century. The presence of St Mary’s Well on the south side of the present church facing the river is significant, because the early Christians often chose and cleansed sites formerly associated with pagan devotion, which often centred on springs or water courses. Fragments of Anglo-Saxon sculpture found inside and around the church are further evidence that an ancient Christian community existed on this site, whilst sculpture combining Northumbrian and Norse motifs reflects subsequent Scandinavian settlement in the region. These sculptures are to be found in the Open Treasure exhibition at Durham Cathedral. As the earliest church in the area, St Mary's Church is fondly regarded as 'the Mother Church of Teesdale'. The first written evidence of Gainford was produced by Simeon of Durham who tells us that Eda or Edwine, a Northumbrian chief who had exchanged a helmet for a cowl, died in 801 and was buried in the monastery at Gegenforda. There are records giving evidence to Gainford having been part of the Northumbrian Congregation of Cuthbert of Lindisfarne in Saxon times.