Democratizing the Police Abroad: What to Do and How to Do It
01-Covers 7/30/01 2:01 PM Page 1
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice
Democratizing the Police Abroad: What to Do and How to Do It
David H. Bayley
Issues in International Crime 01-Covers 7/30/01 2:01 PM Page 2
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531
John Ashcroft Attorney General
Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij 02-Inside 7/30/01 2:03 PM Page i
Democratizing the Police Abroad: What to Do and How to Do It
David H. Bayley
June 2001 NCJ 188742
Issues in International Crime 02-Inside 7/30/01 2:03 PM Page ii
National Institute of Justice
James O. Finckenauer Program Monitor
David H. Bayley is a distinguished professor in the School of Criminal Justice at the State University of New York at Albany.
Prepared for the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, under grant number 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0055. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. 02-Inside 7/30/01 2:03 PM Page iii
Democratizing the Police Abroad: What to Do and How to Do It
CONTENTS
Executive Summary ...... v
Chapter 1. Introduction ...... 1
Chapter 2. The Norms of Democratic Policing...... 11
Chapter 3. Generic Lessons for Changing Police Organizations ...... 17
Chapter 4. Lessons for Police Reform Abroad ...... 33
Chapter 5. Special Lessons for Police Reform in Peacekeeping...... 51
Chapter 6. Lessons for American Management of Police Reform Abroad...... 65
Chapter 7. Conclusion ...... 73
Bibliography...... 79
iii 02-Inside 7/30/01 2:03 PM Page v
Democratizing the Police Abroad: What to Do and How to Do It
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
his report sets forth the lessons that observers and participants have learned about the process of changing police organizations so as to support democ- racy. It is based on the study of three bodies of literature: studies of efforts Tto change police practices in the developed democracies, especially in the United States; accounts of the experience with foreign assistance to police abroad under both bilateral and multilateral auspices; and accounts of the actions of nongovernmental human rights organizations to rectify police abuses. More than 500 books, articles, reports, and documents were reviewed in this study. The bibliography attached to this report probably encompasses the largest number of materials on efforts to change police organizations ever collected.
Observations about the process of democratic police reform were deemed to be “lessons” if they were generally agreed on, were based on real-world experience, and pertained to the goal of democratic development. The reforms considered most impor- tant in developing a police force that supports democracy are creation of a respon- sive public-service orientation, adherence to the rule of law, protection of human rights, and transparency with respect to the activities of the agency and the people within it. The lessons are discussed in chapters 3 to 6, which are organized as follows: