Historic Architecture in Kansas

“…In old buildings we glimpse the world of previous generations”

~ Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn

Background

• Statehood: 1861 • Much of Kansas did not develop permanent settlements • Earliest permanent settlement until after the Civil War. in eastern Kansas • Development of railroad brought new types of building materials. • Pattern books emerge • Architecture emerges as a field of study in American universities

First Buildings - Log First Buildings - Stone First Buildings - Stone Architectural Forms

Architectural Styles

Late 19th Century Styles Gothic Revival Italianate Second Empire Stick Queen Anne Shingle Richardsonian Romanesque Folk Victorian Architectural Styles Gothic Revival (1840-1880) • Steeply pitched roof, – Cross Gables • Decorative Gables – Vergeboards • Wall surface extends into the gables without a break • Pointed Arch windows

Amelia Earhart Birthplace – Atchison, Atchison County (c. 1861) Architectural Styles Gothic Revival (1840-1880)

Natoma Presbyterian Church – Osborne County (c. 1898) St. Joseph’s Catholic Church – Geary County (c. 1910) Architectural Styles Gothic Revival (1840-1880) Collegiate Gothic - later

Ottawa Junior High School – Ottawa, Franklin County (c. 1917)

Campbell Building – Harper, Harper County (c. 1881) Architectural Styles Second Empire (1855-1885)

• Mansard Roof – Dormers windows on steep lower slope • Molded cornices • Decorative brackets under eaves

Balie Waggener House – Atchison, Atchison County (c. 1879) Architectural Styles Second Empire (1855-1885)

Tremont Hotel – Fort Scott, Bourbon County (c. 1871)

S. T. Zimmerman House – Lawrence, Douglas County (c. 1869) Architectural Styles Italianate (1840-1885)

• Two to Three Stories • Low-pitched roof • Wide overhanging eaves supported by brackets • Tall narrow windows – Commonly arched – Curved window crowns • Some have a square Charles Duncan House – Lawrence, Douglas County (c. 1869) cupola or tower Architectural Styles Italianate (1840-1885)

Nials Rial House – Baxter Springs, Cherokee County (c. 1870) Gold Dust Hotel – Fredonia, Wilson County (c. 1884-1885) Architectural Styles Stick Style (1860-1890)

• Steeply pitched, gabled roof – Usually with Cross Gables

• Wood Wall Cladding interrupted by patterns of horizontal, vertical or diagonal boards (stickwork)

Potwin Neighborhood Residence – Topeka, Shawnee County Architectural Styles Queen Anne (1880-1910) • Irregular Shape • Steeply-pitched roof • Usually a dominant front-facing gable • Various wall textures • Bay Windows • Asymmetrical • Partial or full-width,

Potwin Neighborhood Residence – Topeka, Shawnee County one-story, porches Architectural Styles Queen Anne (1880-1910)

Market Street Cottage – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1888) Holyoke Cottage – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1888) Architectural Styles Queen Anne – Free Classic (1890-1910)

Smith House – Wellington, Sumner County (c. 1896)

• Queen Anne house form Carlgren House – Courtland, Republic County (c. 1904) • Simplified details • Classical columns & elements Architectural Styles Shingle Style (1880-1910)

• Wood shingled walls without interruption at corners • Asymmetrical façade with irregular roof • Intersecting gables and multi-level eaves

W. W. Finney House – Emporia, Lyon County (c. 1908) Architectural Styles Shingle Style (1880-1910)

Wynkoop House – Highland, Doniphan County (1912) Francis White House – Manhattan, Riley County (c. 1891) Architectural Styles Richardsonian Romanesque (1880-1900)

• Round-Topped Arches occurring over windows, porch supports or entrance • Masonry walls usually with rough-faced, squared stonework • Some have round towers with conical roofs 427 Main – Seneca, Nemaha County (c. 1889) • Asymmetrical Architectural Styles Folk Victorian (1870-1910)

• Victorian decorative detailing on simple folk hosue forms • Porches with spindlework and Victorian details • Cornice-line brackets • Side gabled; gable-front- and-wing; gable-front • One or two stories Architectural Styles Folk Victorian (1870-1910)

Foster House – Gardner, Johnson County (c. 1893) Architectural Styles Early 20th Century Styles

Colonial Revival Neoclassical / Classical Revival Tudor Revival Beaux Arts / French Eclectic Prairie Craftsman Mid-Century Modern Architectural Styles Colonial Revival (1895-1955)

• Accentuated front door – Decorative crown (pediment) – Pilasters – Fanlights & sidelights • Symmetrical Façade • Double-hung, multi- light window sashes Architectural Styles Dutch Colonial Revival (1900-1925)

• Often side-gabled • Gambrel roof

Burr House – Dodge City, Ford County Architectural Styles Spanish Colonial Revival (1910-1930)

805 Spruceway - Abilene, Dickinson County 106 Naroma Court – Abilene, Dickinson County Architectural Styles Neoclassical (1895-1950)

• Façade dominated by full-height porch with roof supported by classical columns • Symmetrical • Centered Door

George Mackie House – Lawrence, Douglas County (c. 1917) Architectural Styles Tudor Revival (1890-1940)

• Steeply pitched roof • Side gabled – Façade dominated by one or more prominent cross gables • Decorative Half- Timbering • Tall, narrow windows

• Massive /prominent Deerfield Texaco Station – Deerfield, Kearny County (c. 1917) chimneys Architectural Styles Tudor Revival (1890-1940)

Shoemaker House – Topeka, Shawnee County (c. 1925) Powell House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1920s) Architectural Styles Beaux Arts / French Eclectic (1885-1930) •Wall Surfaces with decorative garlands, floral patterns and shields •Façade with quoins, pilasters and columns •Masonry Walls •Symmetry •Roof: Flat or low- AXA Building – Leavenworth, Leavenworth County (c. 1905) pitched Architectural Styles Beaux Arts / French Eclectic

AXA Building – Leavenworth, Leavenworth County (c. 1905) Architectural Styles Prairie Style (1900-1920)

• Low-pitched roof, usually hipped • Wide overhanging eaves • Two-stories with one-story wings and porches; • Emphasis on horizontal lines • Indigenous American Style – Developed in Chicago – Frank Lloyd Wright

Allen House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1919) Architectural Styles Prairie Style (1900-1920)

1113 Antelope – Scott City, Scott County (c. 1967) Hatcher Hospital – Wellington, Sumner County (c. 1916) Architectural Styles

• House form Foursquare • Wide overhanging eaves • Detailing can take on any number of popular early 20th century styles including Craftsman, Classical Revival, Colonial Revival Architectural Styles Craftsman (1905-1940) • Low-pitched, gabled roof (occasionally hipped) • Wide unenclosed eave overhang • Roof Rafters usually exposed – Decorative Rafter Tails • Columns / pedestals supporting front porch • Bungalow form

Loomis-Parry House – Augusta, Butler County (c. 1917) • Originated in Southern California Architectural Styles Craftsman (1905-1940)

Residence – Topeka, Shawnee County Architectural Styles Art Moderne (1920-1940)

• Smooth wall surface, usually stucco • Flat roof • Horizontal Emphasis – Balustrades, grooves and lines in walls • Typically asymmetrical • Art Deco includes more zig-zags & geometric patterns Architectural Styles Art Moderne (1920-1940)

Ramsay House – Atchison, Atchison County (1948) Ablah House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (1939) Architectural Styles International Style (1930-present)

• Flat Roof • Windows set flush with the outer wall – Metal casements • Smooth, unornamented wall surfaces with no decorative detailing at doors or windows • Often asymmetrical 201 Elm Street – Cottonwood Falls, Chase County (c. 1950) Architectural Styles Minimal Traditional (1940-1955)

• Post WWII - shift away from historical styles • Loosely based on Tudor forms • Little ornamentation Architectural Styles Ranch Style (1950-1975)

• Shift towards automobile culture • Sprawling Size • Loosely based on early Spanish Colonial, borrowed some Craftsman and Prairie elements • Asymmetrical • One Story • Moderate or wide eaves • Wood or Brick cladding Woodburn House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1955) Architectural Styles Split-Level (1960-1980)

• Multi-story modification of the Ranch style • Horizontal lines • One wing has a second story

McLean House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1955) Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern

• New materials and forms

Double Hyperbolic Paraboloid House – Lawrence, Douglas County (c. 1955) Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern

Ecumenical Christian Ministries – Lawrence, Douglas County (c. 1959) Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern

809 Main Street – Hays, Ellis County Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern

Gold Dome Bank – Oklahoma City, OK

Oral Roberts University – Tulsa, OK Why Preserve?

“…In old buildings we glimpse the world of previous generations”

~ Author Steward Brand, How Buildings Learn