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Country Report on Croatia: Empowerment of Roma Women

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Country Report on Croatia: Empowerment of Roma Women DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS GENDER EQUALITY Country Report on Croatia Empowerment of Romani Women within the European Framework of National Roma Inclusion Strategies STUDY Abstract This study focuses on the concept of empowerment of Romani women to analyse the existing living conditions of Romani women, interpret the national Roma inclusion strategy, and to scrutinise good practices. The analysis shows that the present living conditions of Romani women in Croatia call for intervention and that the national Roma inclusion strategy has the potential to impact positively on the empowerment of Romani women. This is also confirmed by the discussion of some successfully implemented empowering measures. PE 493.020 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality. AUTHOR(S) Mr Niall Crowley Ms Angela Genova Ms Silvia Sansonetti RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Ms Erika Schulze Policy Department C - Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Ms Marcia Maguire Policy Department C - Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] European Parliament, manuscript completed in September 2013. © European Union, Brussels, 2013. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Empowerment of Roma Women within the European Framework of National Roma Inclusion Strategies - Croatia ____________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF TABLES 6 LIST OF MAPS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. INTRODUCTION 12 1.1. Background 12 1.2. Romani women’s empowerment 13 1.3. Aims and objectives 14 1.4. Methodology 14 2. ROMANI WOMEN IN CROATIA 15 2.1. The legal status of the Roma communities and the institutional framework for social inclusion of Romani women 15 2.2. Data and challenges 16 2.2.1. Progress towards improving the position of Romani women in Croatia 18 2.3. Romani women in the NRIS 19 2.3.1. Romani women participation and empowerment 19 2.3.2. Challenges to Romani women’s empowerment 20 2.4. Relevant stakeholders representing or dealing with Romani women issues in Croatia 21 2.4.1. Romani women associations 21 2.4.2. Institutional stakeholders 21 3. EMPOWERING ROMANI WOMEN IN EDUCATION 23 3.1. Challenges for Romani women’s empowerment in education 23 3.1.1. Barriers to Romani women’s education 23 3.1.2. Improving situation 24 3.2. Women’s education in the NRIS 24 3.3. Good practice in education and Romani women’s empowerment 25 4. EMPOWERING ROMANI WOMEN THROUGH ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT, JOB QUALITY AND GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS 26 4.1. Romani women’s access to employment and challenges to their empowerment 26 4.1.1. Barriers to Romani women’s employment 26 4.2. Romani women’s empowerment through access to employment, job quality and good working conditions in the NRIS 27 4.3. Good Practice in employment and Romani women’s empowerment 28 3 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. EMPOWERING ROMANI WOMEN FOR BETTER HEALTH CONDITIONS 29 5.1. Romani women’s health and challenges to their empowerment 29 5.1.1. Socio-economic conditions and health 29 5.2. Empowering Romani women in respect of their health in the NRIS 30 5.3. Good Practice in health empowerment of Romani women 31 6. EMPOWERING ROMANI WOMEN BY IMPROVING THE HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THEIR COMMUNITIES 32 6.1. Housing conditions of the Roma and Romani women 32 6.1.1. Living conditions 32 6.1.2. Ownership and gender 32 6.2. Women’s empowerment through improving housing in the NRIS 33 6.3. Good practice in housing and Romani women’s empowerment 33 7. CONCLUSIONS 34 7.1. Data availability 34 7.2. Living conditions and civil society representation 34 7.3. Romani women in the NRIS – gender mainstreaming approach 34 7.4. Romani women’s education 34 7.5. The NRIS and women’s employment 35 7.6. Romani women’s health 35 7.7. Romani women and housing 35 8. RECOMMENDATIONS 37 8.1. Recommendations to the National Government 37 8.2. Recommendations to the European institutions: European Parliament, European Commission, and the European Council 37 8.2.1. The European Parliament 37 8.2.2. The European Commission 38 8.2.3. The European Council 38 ANNEX A: STAKEHOLDERS’ MAPPING FICHES 41 ANNEX B: METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF GOOD PRACTICES 51 ANNEX C: GOOD PRACTICES ASSESSMENT FICHES 55 4 Empowerment of Roma Women within the European Framework of National Roma Inclusion Strategies - Croatia ____________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS API Action Plan for the Implementation of the National Roma Inclusion Strategy for the period 2013-2015 CSO Civil Society Organisation EU European Union NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NRIS National Roma Inclusion Strategy from 2013 to 2020 5 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 52 Judgement criteria TABLE 2 54 Assessment criteria grid LIST OF MAPS MAP 1 17 Roma population density by provinces in Croatia 6 Empowerment of Roma Women within the European Framework of National Roma Inclusion Strategies - Croatia ____________________________________________________________________________________________ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Over the last decade, the Croatian authorities have devoted special attention to the Roma issue, adhering to the ’Decade for Roma inclusion’1 and designing specific action plans for the inclusion of Roma communities. Croatian efforts match the emphasis of the European Union institutions and agencies on the issue. Therefore, the design of a strategy within the framework of Roma National Inclusion Strategies by Croatia is just another step forward in an established path. Aim The purpose of the study is to provide detailed knowledge of Romani women’s conditions in the country; to discuss the focus that the Croatian strategy for Roma inclusion gives to the specific needs of Romani women and to measures for their empowerment; and to present selected good practices concerning Romani women’s empowerment in relation to the four key fields of intervention of the strategy for Roma inclusion identified by the European institutions: education, employment, health, and housing. The study applies an integrated methodological approach which includes the analysis of secondary data collected through the UNDP/WB/EC survey on Roma women’s conditions; a national literature review focused on Romani women’s conditions in Croatia; analysis of the National Roma Inclusion Strategy– 2011–2020 based on Romani women’s conditions and on the policies to empower them; secondary data collected in Croatia thanks to the collaboration of a national expert; and the analysis and the evaluation of good practices implemented in the country in relation to the four main areas of interest of the strategy for Roma inclusion: education, employment, health, and housing. Key Findings A. Main Conclusions Romani women’s conditions in Croatia In Croatia, Romani women are highly vulnerable because of their socioeconomic conditions and social exclusion, as in most of the other EU Member States. Romani women experience multiple discrimination both from mainstream society and from the members of their own communities. In the past decade, attention towards Romani women’s conditions in the country has increased. The National policy for Gender Equality for the period 2011-2015 dedicates a specific section to policy aiming to improve their conditions. Moreover the lack of information has been partly addressed with social research focused on investigating differences in the conditions of Romani women in different communities. 1 The Decade is an international initiative for the years 2005-2015 that brings together governments, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, as well as Romani civil society to close the gaps between Roma and the rest of society are the specific objectives of the Decade: Education, Employment, Health and Housing and three are the transversal objectives: antidiscrimination, gender equality, poverty reduction. Twelve countries take part in the Decade: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Spain. Slovenia and the United States have observer status. It built on the momentum of the 2003 conference, ‘Roma in an Expanding Europe: Challenges for the Future’. More information are available at: http://www.romadecade.org/index 7 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Nonetheless, improvement in Romani women’s situation
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