DOCSLIB.ORG

Food Intake Biomarkers for Green Leafy Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, and Stem Vegetables: a Review Elske M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food Intake Biomarkers for Green Leafy Vegetables, Bulb Vegetables, and Stem Vegetables: a Review Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma et al. Genes & Nutrition (2020) 15:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-020-00667-z REVIEW Open Access Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma1*†, Beate Brandl2†, Marion E. C. Buso1, Thomas Skurk2,3 and Claudine Manach4 Abstract: Background: Numerous studies acknowledged the importance of an adequate vegetable consumption for human health. However, current methods to estimate vegetable intake are often prone to measurement errors due to self-reporting and/or insufficient detail. More objective intake biomarkers for vegetables, using biological specimens, are preferred. The only concentration biomarkers currently available are blood carotenoids and vitamin C, covering total fruit and vegetable intake. Identification of biomarkers for specific vegetables is needed for a better understanding of their relative importance for human health. Within the FoodBAll Project under the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”, an ambitious action was undertaken to identify candidate intake biomarkers for all major food groups consumed in Europe by systematically reviewing the existent literature. This study describes the review on candidate biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) for leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables, which was conducted within PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published through March 2019. Results: In total, 65 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility for leafy vegetables, and 6 full-text articles were screened for bulb and stem vegetables. Putative BFIs were identified for spinach, lettuce, endive, asparagus, artichoke, and celery, but not for rocket salad. However, after critical evaluation through a validation scheme developed by the FoodBAll consortium, none of the putative biomarkers appeared to be a promising BFI. The food chemistry data indicate that some candidate BFIs may be revealed by further studies. Conclusion: Future randomized controlled feeding studies combined with observational studies, applying a non- targeted metabolomics approach, are needed in order to identify valuable BFIs for the intake of leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables. Keywords: Lettuce, Spinach, Endive, Garden rocket, Asparagus, Artichoke, Celery Background associations [1–3]. Despite these suggested health effects, The importance of an adequate vegetable intake to promote vegetable consumption rates among European citizens vary health has been recognized for years. Vegetables are substantially, ranging from 34.4% of the population not nutrient-dense foods containing high concentrations of consuming fruits and vegetables on a daily basis to 14.1% dietary fibers as well as various vitamins, minerals, and phy- eating ≥ 5 portions [4]. Obviously, the wide variety of avail- tochemicals. Accordingly, the potential impact of vegetable able vegetables substantially differs with respect to their nu- intake on human health has been extensively explored in trient content and associated benefits for health. Therefore, nutritional epidemiological studies, showing beneficial it is crucial to distinguish between the different vegetable groups, e.g., cruciferous vegetables, root vegetables, tubers, * Correspondence: [email protected] fruit vegetables, bulb and stem vegetables, and leafy vegeta- †Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma and Beate Brandl contributed equally to this bles, when addressing potential health effects. study. Epidemiological data suggest that leafy vegetables de- 1Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands serve special attention. A large meta-analysis including Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Brouwer-Brolsma et al. Genes & Nutrition (2020) 15:7 Page 2 of 12 95 prospective studies recently revealed that a high in- observational cohort studies. However, compared to diar- take of leafy green vegetables was associated with a re- ies and 24 h recalls, FFQs are usually more restrained with duced risk of coronary heart disease (10 studies, RR = respect to the variety of foods queried as well as portion 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75–0.91), stroke (4 studies, RR = 0.88, size estimations. Moreover, both FFQs and recalls are 95% CI = 0.81–0.95), and a 24% reduction in all-cause prone to measurement error resulting from socially desir- mortality for each 100 g/day increment in intake [1]. In able answers and errors in food composition tables [17– another meta-analysis focusing on associations between 20]. all fruit and vegetable subtypes and type 2 diabetes, only Therefore, the use of candidate biomarkers of food in- green leafy vegetables (highest vs lowest intake categor- take (BFIs), i.e., objective food consumption markers in ies) were associated with a significant risk reduction (RR biological specimens such as urine or blood, is gaining = 0.84, 0.74–0.94) [2]. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea, interest, even though there are still very few well- Amaranthaceae family) represents a main member of validated dietary intake biomarkers [21]. The intake of leafy vegetables and has been shown to decrease post- total fruit and vegetable consumption is frequently esti- prandial arterial stiffness and systolic blood pressure in mated using blood vitamin C or carotenoids (i.e., plasma randomized controlled trials [5–7]. Moreover, garden α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein) [22, 23]. rocket (Eruca sativa), a green-leafy vegetable from the However, the use of these biomarkers does not allow to Brassicaceae, has been proposed to possess anti-oxidative, distinguish between the types of fruit and vegetables anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties [8, 9]. Astera- consumed. Integrating the data as obtained by one or ceae is another botanical family of leafy vegetables repre- more of the traditional dietary assessment methods with senting amongst others endive and lettuce. Bulb and stem validated BFIs data may eventually facilitate nutritional vegetables have been less extensively studied than leafy research by resulting in more precise intake estimates vegetables and constitute a rather heterogenous group that have the ability to distinguish between the specific including in particular celery, artichoke and asparagus. varieties of fruits and vegetables consumed [24]. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) has been proposed to pos- To facilitate the identification and evaluation of new sess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potency [10, candidate BFIs, the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll) 11], whereas artichoke (Cynara scolymus) received atten- [21], a project funded by the Joint Programming Initiative tion through its potential beneficial impact on LDL- a Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life, established guidelines to cholesterol, endothelial NOS expression, and hepato- conduct a literature search dedicated to food intake bio- digestive function [12]. Asparagus (Asparagus officinialis markers [25] and to evaluate their level of validation using with Asparagales as the botanical family) on its turn is a a set of consensus criteria [26]. The guidelines were ap- rich source of asparagine, potassium, vitamin C, and anti- plied for all major food groups: fruit and vegetables, meats, oxidative glycolipids [13]. fish, and other marine foods, dairy products, cereals and Up to now, vegetable intake in the epidemiological whole grains, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, vege- studies was generally assessed using traditional self- table oils, nuts, and spices and herbs (http://foodmetabo- reported dietary assessment methods, such as food diar- lome.org/wp3)[27–36]. The present article presents the ies, 24 h recalls and food frequency questionnaires results of the in depth exploration of possible biomarkers (FFQs). Although these self-report dietary assessment of intake for green leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, en- methods provide valuable information, they are prone to dive, and garden rocket) as well as bulb and stem vegeta- measurement error and burdensome for both partici- bles (artichoke, asparagus, celery). pants and researchers. Bingham and colleagues observed that the intake of fruits and vegetables assessed by FFQ was almost 2-fold higher compared with a food diary [14]. Material and methods At the same time, the association between plasma vitamin Selection of vegetable varieties C and the intake of fruits and vegetables was stronger In order to cover the major varieties of vegetables con- when assessed by food diary than by FFQ, suggesting a sumed in Europe, FoodBAll aimed to cover cruciferous higher degree of measurement error with the FFQ than vegetables, root vegetables,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Creating Health & Nutrition
    Creating Health & Nutrition Robson90, Bigstock Probiotics: The Good Bugs! Photo credit: ur body’s gastro- in certain foods that treatment of acute fermented dish made intestinal tract help maintain the barrier diarrhea and antibiotic- of vegetables with O(GI tract) is a function of the intestine associated bouts of various seasonings), very active and complex and improve its immune diarrhea by shortening the pickled ginger, pickles system that plays an response. duration of symptoms, and (brine-cured without important role in overall For probiotics to be in the treatment of atopic vinegar), sauerkraut health. Our gut micro- effective they must be eczema. Other potential • Fermented soy prod- biome, or the healthy active or live cultures benefits of probiotics ucts—miso (a Japa- bacteria that live there, of bacteria. The most being researched include nese food made by helps the intestine in its familiar probiotics are reduced symptoms of fermenting rice, barley, role as a barrier, allowing Lactobacilli and Bifido- lactose intolerance, and/or soybeans with nutrients to be absorbed bacteria, found mainly in decreased risk of while keeping toxins and cultured dairy products. colorectal cancer, preven- pathogens from entering Streptococcus thermo- tion of certain allergy Tip into the body. Main- philes and Saccharo- symptoms, enhanced Try kimchi (kim-chee), a taining a healthy micro- myces are other strains of immune response, and spicy condiment made biome enhances immune bacteria more commonly management of irritable with fermented vegeta- bles (mainly cabbage) function, improves absorp- found in fermented foods. bowel syndrome, among and various Asian sea- tion of nutrients, reduces One thing to keep in others.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
    Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding
    [Show full text]
  • Export Catalogue
    Export catalogue Table of contents History.. .........................................................................4 Culinary ........................................................................8 Lino world ................................................................. 26 Sweets ........................................................................ 34 Confectionary .......................................................... 42 Snack ..........................................................................48 Mediterranean cuisine ........................................... 52 Fruit products .......................................................... 62 Vegetable products ................................................ 66 Condiments ...............................................................74 Bakery ........................................................................ 78 Tea ............................................................................... 82 Meat products ..........................................................86 Podravka abroad ..................................................... 94 It all started in 1934... Podravka's history begins in 1934 with a fruit processing plant, founded by Wolf brothers in Koprivnica. In 1947 the plant becomes government owned and Podravka gets the name it has today. In 1957 Podravka's first packet soups were produced, and they were presented at the Zagreb Fair that fall. Year 1958 is very significant for Podravka's development. That year in Podravka's research laboratories,
    [Show full text]
  • Removal of Heavy Metals from a Contaminated Soil Using Phytoremediation
    MATEC Web of Conferences 305, 00061 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500061 SESAM 2019 Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using phytoremediation Georgiana Luiza Arnold Tatu, Nicolae Valentin Vladut, Iulian Voicea, Nicoleta Alexandra Vanghele, and Mirabela Augustina Pruteanu*, National Research - Development Institute for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry, 6 Ion Ionescu De La Brad Blv., 013813 Bucharest, Sector 1, Romania Abstract. Environment pollution with heavy metals, can be a cause of the industrialization activities and technological processes, and has become an important issue. Soil contamination due to natural or anthropogenic causes (such as mining, smelting, warfare and military training, electronic industries, fossil fuel consumption, waste disposal, agrochemical use and irrigation) is a major environmental hazard. Various remediation techniques have been highlighted to clean or restore soils contaminated with heavy metals such physical, chemical or biological. Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach to removing contaminants from the environmental. It may be defined as the use of plants to remove, destroy or sequester hazardous substances from environmental. This paper is a review of removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using phytoremediation. 1 Introduction Brassicaceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, predominant in the temperate region and best cultivated around the Mediterranean. They belong to a group of natural plants conduplicate cotyledons (rare acumbent or existing) and the segment (rare lomentaceous or nucciform) fruit, usually in general, tanks and have flowers with four petals of equal size in the shape of a cross "crucifer" [1-5]. The Brassicaceae family can have a large number of genres and species: ranging from 338 to 380 genres and from 2500 to ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptomic Analysis of Eruca Vesicaria Subs
    Huang et al. BMC Plant Biology (2019) 19:419 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1997-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Transcriptomic analysis of Eruca vesicaria subs. sativa lines with contrasting tolerance to polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress Bang-Lian Huang1,2, Xuan Li1, Pei Liu1, Lan Ma1, Wenhua Wu1, Xuekun Zhang3, Zaiyun Li4 and Bangquan Huang1* Abstract Background: Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa is one of the Cruciferae species most tolerant to drought stress. In our previous study some extremely drought-tolerant/sensitive Eruca lines were obtained. However little is known about the mechanism for drought tolerance in Eruca. Methods: In this study two E. vesicaria subs. sativa lines with contrasting drought tolerance were treated with liquid MS/PEG solution. Total RNA was isolated from 7-day old whole seedlings and then applied to Illumina sequencing platform for high-throughput transcriptional sequencing. Results: KEGG pathway analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Galactose metabolism, Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, Tropane, Piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, Mineral absorption, were all up-regulated specifically in drought-tolerant (DT) Eruca line under drought stress, while DEGs involved in ribosome, ribosome biogenesis, Pyrimidine metabolism, RNA degradation, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Citrate cycle, Methane metabolism,
    [Show full text]
  • 14/ 20176 EXTRAPOLATION TABLE for EFFECTIVENESS of FUNGICIDES ► DISEASES on VEGETABLE BRASSICAS
    14/ 20176 EXTRAPOLATION TABLE for EFFECTIVENESS of FUNGICIDES ► DISEASES ON VEGETABLE BRASSICAS INTRODUCTION The table provides detailed lists of acceptable extrapolations organized by crop groups, for regulatory authorities and applicants, in the context of the registration of plant protection products for minor uses. The table should be used in conjunction with the EPPO Standard PP1/257(1) - Efficacy and crop safety extrapolations for minor uses. It is important to ensure that expert judgment and regulatory experience are employed when using these tables. EPPO excludes liability as to the reliability of the information provided through these tables. The scope for extrapolation may be extended as data and experience with a certain plant protection products increases. The applicant should always provide appropriate justification and information to support the proposed extrapolation. For example, comparability of target biology may be a relevant factor, either in extrapolating to other target species or for the same target onto another crop. For crops, factors such as comparable growth habit, structure etc. should be considered. TABLE FORMAT The main pest species for the crop group are listed in Column 1 (although this is not exhaustive), and the pest group to which they belong is specified in Column 2. Companies may choose if they wish to provide data only for individual named species, which would then appear individually listed on the label. But underlined species have been identified as key major targets and as such it is advisable to generate data on these. Furthermore, data on these species then allow a claim to be made for the whole pest group (as specified in Column 2), if required.
    [Show full text]
  • CARROTS Michigan State University
    Commercial Vegetable Recommendations Extension Bulletin £-1437 (Minor Revision) February 1986 Coopererative Extension Service CARROTS Michigan State University Bernard H. Zandstra, Department of Horticulture Edward J. Grafius, Department of Entomology Darryl D. Warncke, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Melvyn L. Lacy, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Production and maturity than open-pollinated Genetic resistance is the best pro- cultivars, but the seed is much tection against bolting. Approximately 7,000 acres of more expensive. Some growers carrots are planted in Michigan plant open-pollinated cultivars for There are four main types of car- each year. fall harvest because the roots do rots (Figure 1): The average state yield for fresh not oversize as quickly as hybrids, market carrots is 8.8 tons (350 50-lb thus giving the farmer more Imperator—long, small shoulders, bags) of usable carrots per acre. latitude in scheduling harvests. tapered tip; used primarily for Yields on good fields with no Bolting (formation of a flower fresh pack. Most carrots grown for nematode, water, or other limiting stalk the year of planting seed) is a fresh market in Michigan are of problems may exceed 15 tons (600 response to cold temperatures and this type. 50-lb bags) per acre. Minicarrots plant size. Plants that bolt do not Nantes—medium length, uniform yield about 11 tons per acre. form a marketable root. Plants that diameter, blunt tip; used for bun- Processing carrots can yield 35 to have reached sufficient size bolt ching, slicing, and mini carrots. 40 tons per acre on good fields with when exposed to temperatures Although not widely grown in irrigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Vermont Fresh: a Fruit and Vegetable Handbook
    Vermont Fresh: A Fruit and Vegetable Handbook Edited by Anna Schulz Professionally Reviewed by Allison Van Akkeren Cover art by Jay Merrill Made possible with support from: Salvation Farms Sterling College The Vermont Foodbank With special thanks to: Theresa Snow Jen O’Donnell Tim Patterson Andy Laine Jackie Yenerall Sterling College Students High Mowing Organic Seeds 1st Edition Printing, 2012 Thanks to The Lucy Downing Nisbet Charitable Fund 2nd Edition Printing, 2012 Thanks to the generosity of Salvation Farms’ Supporters 2 Contents Introduction 4 Kale 49 About the Contributing Partners 6 Kohlrabi 51 The Story Behind Vermont Fresh 8 Leeks 53 Seasonality Chart 9 Lettuce 55 Storage Requirements 10 Melons 57 Additional Resources 11 Onions 59 Apples 13 Parsnips 61 Arugula 15 Peas 63 Asian Greens 17 Peppers 65 Asparagus 19 Potatoes 67 Beans (string) 21 Radishes 69 Beets 23 Rhubarb 71 Blueberries 25 Rutabaga 73 Broccoli 27 Spinach 75 Cabbage 29 Sprouts 77 Carrots 31 Strawberries 79 Celeriac 33 Swiss Chard & Beet Greens 81 Collards & Cooking Greens 35 Tomatillos 83 Corn 37 Tomatoes 85 Cucumber 39 Turnips 87 Eggplant 41 Winter Squash 89 Fennel 43 Zucchini & Summer Squash 91 Garlic & Scapes 45 Bibliography 93 Herbs 47 3 Introduction Photos courtesy High Mowing Organic Seeds Welcome to Vermont Fresh: A Fruit and Vegetable Handbook. The purpose of this book is to help Vermonters better understand how to grow, choose, store, and prepare fresh fruits and vegetables. Not only is it important from a health standpoint to eat fruits and vege- tables; there are also other advantages to eating fresh produce.
    [Show full text]
  • In Memoriam 577
    IN MEMORIAM 577 In memoriam Anica Lovren~i}-Sabolovi} BSc in Chemistry, MSc in Biotechnology (May 25, 1932 – April 28, 2013) In early morning hours of 28 April 2013 Anica Lovren~i}-Sabolovi}, MSc passed away in her family house in Koprivnica, the town where she spent most of her life, after long-term health problems and chronic diseases. Despite her sufferings, she struggled with her illness with great courage until the very end. She was born on 25 May 1932 in Koprivnica, a town in Podravina, the northwest region of Croatia. After com- pletion of high school education in Koprivnica Gymnasium in 1951, she began her graduate study in chemistry at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. She graduated on 24 June 1957 at the Department of Chemical Technology of the Faculty of Chemistry, Technology and Mining of the University of Zagreb, with the graduation thesis on the pre- paration of ready-to-cook canned vegetables (under mentorship of Mihajlo Mautner). She was among the first fellows (stipendiaries) of the food factory Podravka, based in Koprivnica, Croatia. Today, Podravka is among the leading companies of the southeastern, central and eastern Europe. Soon after graduation, Anica Lovren~i}-Sabolovi} started to work in Podravka on 1 July 1957. At that time mass production of instant soups had already been planned in Podravka. As the first graduated engineer in chemistry in Koprivnica and Podravka, Anica Lovren~i}-Sabolovi} joined the laboratory team led by Zlata Bartl, professor of chemistry. She was describing those days with the following words: 'At the beginning I did anything and everything, as there were only few of us working around.' According to the notes in her laboratory book, it can be learned that Anica Lovren~i}-Sabolovi} in less than two weeks after em- ployment got an assignment under the working title Preparation of vegetable soups.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrition Q & A’S Page 2
    Nutrition Building good eating habits is a surefire way to boost your child’s health. These answers to common questions can help your family make wise decisions when it comes to food choices. Q What foods should I try to get into my child’s diet each day? A To have a healthy and balanced diet, your youngster needs foods from these groups every day: Q What drinks make the ● whole grains like whole-wheat bread, brown rice, or multi- healthiest choices? grain pasta A Water is the best option—it can keep your child’s diges- ● vegetables—raw or cooked, in a variety of colors tive system healthy and quench her thirst without adding ● fruit, preferably fresh or frozen with no sugar added extra sodium, sugar, or calories. It’s also important for your child to drink fat-free milk so she gets the calcium she needs ● dairy products (fat-free milk and low-fat cheese or yogurt) for strong bones and teeth. ● lean protein from meat, poultry, fish, eggs, or beans Fruit juice can be a healthy alter- Note: The amount of each food your child needs will vary native, if limited to about one glass according to age, gender, and level of physical activity. Ask a day. Make sure you buy only your pediatrician or school nurse, or look online at www juices labeled 100% real .choosemyplate.gov. fruit juice. Q Q My youngster won’t eat What can we do to vegetables. What should make our weekly I do? menus healthier? A A This is a common prob- Little changes can mean lem.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllotreta Cruciferae Striped Flea Beetle
    Flea Beetle Management in Brassica Greens Ruth Hazzard, Caryn Andersen, Roy Van Driesche, Francis Mangan University of Massachusetts Crucifer Flea Beetle • Predominant flea beetle species in this area • Solid black in color, with metallic sheen • Feeds only on brassicas • Introduced to America in the 1900’s • Scientific name: Phyllotreta cruciferae Striped Flea Beetle • Much less numerous in New England • Black with one yellow stripe down each wing cover • Emerges slightly earlier • Feeds only on brassicas • Scientific name: Photo courtesy of Manitoba Agriculture and Food Phyllotreta striolata Host Crops for Crucifer and Striped Flea Beetle Brassica oleracea Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Collards, White- flowering Chinese Broccoli, Gai Lan Brassica rapa Chinese cabbage, Turnip, Hon Tsai Tai, Yellow-flowering Chinese Broccoli, Broccoli Raab, Komatsuna, Pac Choi, Tat Soi Brassica juncea Mustard Greens, Bok Choy Brassica nigra Black Mustard Brassica napus Red Russian Kale, Rutabaga, Oilseed rape, Canola Brassica campestris Canola, Turnip Raphanus sativus Radish, Daikon Eruca vesicaria Arugula Host Crops for Crucifer and Striped Flea Beetle Brassica oleracea Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Collards, White-flowering Chinese Broccoli, Gai Lan Brassica rapa Chinese cabbage, Turnip, Hon Tsai Tai, Yellow-flowering Chinese Broccoli, Broccoli Raab, Komatsuna, Pac Choi, Tat Soi Brassica juncea Mustard Greens, Bok Choy Brassica nigra Black Mustard Brassica napus Red Russian Kale, Rutabaga, Oilseed rape,
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Effects of Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Trace Elements Contents in Vegetable Brassicaceae: Risk Assessment
    applied sciences Article Comparative Effects of Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Trace Elements Contents in Vegetable Brassicaceae: Risk Assessment Fernando Cámara-Martos 1 , Jesús Sevillano-Morales 1, Luis Rubio-Pedraza 2, Jesús Bonilla-Herrera 2 and Antonio de Haro-Bailón 3,* 1 Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio C-1, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; [email protected] (F.C.-M.); [email protected] (J.S.-M.) 2 Departamento de Agricultura, Ayuntamiento de Alcalá la Real, 23680 Alcalá la Real (Jaén), Spain; [email protected] (L.R.-P.); [email protected] (J.B.-H.) 3 Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS–CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-957-499235; Fax: +34-957-499252 Abstract: Genotypes selected from 3 plant species (Brassica rapa, Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) belonging to the Brassicaceae family were chosen to compare the concentrations of 9 inorganic el- ements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in these varieties, that were grown under both conventional and organic conditions during two agricultural seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) on two different experimental farms (Farm I and Farm II). We found that, together with agriculture practices, the inorganic element concentrations in Brassicas depended on many other factors, includ- ing soil characteristics. However, there were no conclusive results indicating a lower heavy metal content or a higher nutritionally beneficial trace elements content in vegetables grown under organic Citation: Cámara-Martos, F.; agriculture. Finally, a probabilistic assessment (@Risk) derived from the consumption of 150–200 g Sevillano-Morales, J.; Rubio-Pedraza, of these vegetables showed that organic Brassicas fulfill in comparison with the conventional ones, L.; Bonilla-Herrera, J.; de Haro-Bailón, similar Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) percentages for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn.
    [Show full text]