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Naval War College Review Spring 2019 the .SU Naval War College Review Volume 72 Article 1 Number 2 Spring 2019 2019 Naval War College Review Spring 2019 The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The .SU . (2019) "Naval War College Review Spring 2019," Naval War College Review: Vol. 72 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Naval War College Review Spring 2019 Spring 2019 Volume 72, Number 2 Spring 2019 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2019 1 Spring2019Review_Cover_2.indd 1 1/28/19 1:19 PM Naval War College Review, Vol. 72 [2019], No. 2, Art. 1 Cover A Chinese amphibious transport ship leaves port in the Netherlands in January 2015. In “Surging Second Sea Force: China’s Maritime Law-Enforcement Forces, Capabilities, and Future in the Gray Zone and Beyond,” Andrew Erickson, Joshua Hickey, and Henry Holst analyze the growth of China’s sea services and the coordination between the gray hulls of the PLA Navy and the white hulls of the China Coast Guard as together they work to enhance China’s maritime law- enforcement activities throughout the western Pacific. Credit: Getty Images https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss2/1 2 Spring2019Review_Cover_2.indd 2 1/28/19 1:19 PM Naval War College: Naval War College Review Spring 2019 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Spring 2019 Volume 72, Number 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2019 3 7289_FrontMatter.indd 1 3/1/19 10:12 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 72 [2019], No. 2, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. Jeffrey A. Harley, USN Seth Cropsey PROVOST Jeffrey Kline Dr. Lewis M. Duncan Gale A. Mattox Capt. Robert C. Rubel, USN (Ret.) DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Robert A. Silano Thomas J. Culora Marin Strmecki NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS Dov S. Zakheim Carnes Lord, Editor Robert Ayer, Managing Editor NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Kate Acosta, Associate Editor for Books Donald Chisholm Kaila Aguiar, Associate Editor for Review Stephen Downes-Martin Jillian Sutphin, Associate Editor for Content Andrew S. Erickson Timothy J. Demy and Brad Carter, Book Review Col. Theodore L. Gatchel, USMC (Ret.) Editors Cdr. Sean Henseler, USN (Ret.) Lori A. Almeida, Administrative Assistant and Cdr. James Kraska, USN (Ret.) Circulation Manager Capt. Thomas Mangold, USN (Ret.) Frank Uhlig Jr., Editor Emeritus John Maurer Col. Mackubin Owens, USMC (Ret.) Naval War College Review Capt. Derek S. Reveron, USNR Code 32, Naval War College Capt. Peter M. Swartz, USN (Ret.) 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Capt. Sam Tangredi, USN (Ret.) Fax: 401.841.1071 Scott C. Truver DSN exchange, all lines: 841 James J. Wirtz Website: www.usnwc.edu/Publications/ Naval-War-College-Press http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege Editor, Circulation, or Business 401.841.2236 [email protected] Managing Editor 401.841.4552 [email protected] Book Reviews [email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss2/1 4 NWC_Spring2019Review.indb 2 2/25/19 10:40 AM Naval War College: Naval War College Review Spring 2019 The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discussion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or the Naval War College. The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to commands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regular and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. government officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, research centers, publica- tions, and educational institutions. Contributors Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor or access it online before submitting manuscripts. The Naval War College Review nei- ther offers nor makes compensation for articles or book reviews, and it assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts, although every effort is made to return those not accepted. In submitting work, the sender warrants that it is original, that it is the sender’s property, and that neither it nor a similar work by the sender has been accepted or is under consideration elsewhere. Permissions Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and appli- cable treaties of the United States. To obtain permission to reproduce material bearing a copyright notice, or to reproduce any material for commercial pur- poses, contact the editor for each use. Material not bearing a copyright notice may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that the author and Naval War College Review be credited and that the editor be informed. Periodicals postage paid at Newport, RI. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207. ISSN 0028-1484 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2019 5 NWC_Spring2019Review.indb 3 2/25/19 10:40 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 72 [2019], No. 2, Art. 1 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol72/iss2/1 6 7289_FrontMatter.indd 4 3/1/19 10:12 AM Naval War College: Naval War College Review Spring 2019 CONTENTS From the Editors . 3 President’s Forum . 7 Asia Rising Surging Second Sea Force China’s Maritime Law-Enforcement Forces, Capabilities, and Future in the Gray Zone and Beyond . 11 Andrew S. Erickson, Joshua Hickey, and Henry Holst As China’s sea services continue to expand, the consolidating China Coast Guard (CCG) has taken the lead as one of the premier sea forces in the region—giving China, in essence, a second navy. With 1,275 hulls and counting, the CCG carries out the maritime law-enforcement activities that dominate the South China Sea as the People’s Republic exerts its claims and postures for dominance. U.S. Conventional Access Strategy Denying China a Conventional First-Strike Capability . 35 Sam Goldsmith In the most likely scenario, a high-intensity conflict between the United States and China would be confined to conventional weapons, owing to Beijing’s desire to avoid nuclear escalation. To protect the global security order and the tenuous balance of power on the world stage, the United States and its allies must craft a strategy to deny China this conventional first-strike option. Wargaming Wargame Business Wargames in Military and Corporate Settings . 67 Shay Hershkovitz In recent decades, corporations have turned to wargaming techniques to assess strategic environ- ments and evaluate potential scenarios. The rich history of wargaming and its evolution as a tool for predicting success make it a useful corporate instrument. The lessons learned in business and military games can inform each other to create more-effective gaming outcomes. Naval History Peacetime Naval Rearmament, 1933–39 Lessons for Today. 83 Jamie McGrath Following World War I, the USN fleet was outdated and undersized, but a time of naval resurgence began in 1933, adding modern ships to the U.S. fleet and revitalizing the American shipbuilding Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2019 7 7280_TOC.indd 1 2/25/19 10:52 AM 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGENaval REVIEW War College Review, Vol. 72 [2019], No. 2, Art. 1 industry. In many ways, this period mirrors the post–Cold War state of the fleet, but the principal actors vary greatly in their level of coordination and commitment to building the Navy the nation needs. Review Essays The Plurality of American War ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������104 Ways of War: American Military History from the Colonial Era to the Twenty-First Century, by Matthew S. Muehlbauer and David J. Ulbrich reviewed by John T. Kuehn Counting the Cost of Learning ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������107 Learning War: The Evolution of Fighting Doctrine in the U.S. Navy, 1895–1945, by Trent Hone reviewed by Dale C. Rielage Book Reviews The Royal Navy in the Age of Austerity, 1919–22: Naval and Foreign Policy under Lloyd George, by G. H. Bennett reviewed by John B. Hattendorf . 111 The End of Grand Strategy: US Maritime Operations in the Twenty-First Century, by Simon Reich and Peter Dombrowski reviewed by Steven Metz. 113 Hell on Earth, by Avigdor Hameiri, trans. Peter C. Appelbaum reviewed by Timothy J. Demy . 114 Brutality in an Age of Human Rights: Activism and Counterinsurgency at the End of the British Empire, by Brian Drohan reviewed by Jeff A. Bovarnick . 116 Realist Ethics: Just War Traditions as Power Politics, by Valerie Morkevičius reviewed by Doyle Hodges ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������117 Cadets on Campus: History of Military Schools of the United States, by John Alfred Coulter II reviewed by Thomas J. Gibbons . 119 Soft War: The Ethics of Unarmed Conflict, ed. Michael L. Gross and Tamar Meisels reviewed by Richard J. Norton. 121 Patton’s Way: A Radical Theory of War, by James Kelly Morningstar reviewed by Nicholas Evan Sarantakes . 122 Enlisting Faith: How the Military Chaplaincy Shaped Religion and State in Modern America, by Ronit Y.
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