DOCSLIB.ORG

Meteorology of the Red Sea and Cape Guardafui Author(S): R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Meteorology of the Red Sea and Cape Guardafui Author(S): R Meteorology of the Red Sea and Cape Guardafui Author(s): R. Strachey Source: Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, Vol. 10, No. 11 (Nov., 1888), pp. 704-708 Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1801400 . Accessed: 20/06/2014 14:33 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) and Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 188.72.126.108 on Fri, 20 Jun 2014 14:33:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 704 METEOROLOGYOF THE RED SEA AND CAPE GUARDAFUI. To the west dwell?or dwelt?the Abchasians and Cherkess (the Circassians of romance), tribes of whose origin, affinities,and customs we have still no fully satisfactory account. Recent enquiries pursued among Circassian exiles in Turkey have led a German investigator to the belief that the leading families at least had connections with Arabia.* " iEschylus, we may remember, wrote of the martial bloom of Arabia, who hold a citadel on lofty crags hard by Caucasus.,, Are the Cir? cassians Semites ? What is their language ? Much remains to be done in investigating the antiquities and origins of these loose confederacies of chivalrous but semi-barbarous tribes, and in clearing up their historical connection with their neighbours on the north, the Tartars of Karatchai and Uruspieh, and the tribes of the Kabardah, who apparently came east- wards from the Crimea.f It is time that I brought to an end this discursive?some may call it, not unjustly, desultory?paper. I shall submit cheerfully to the criticism, if by touching on very various topics I have, perchance, attained my object, to show that it is not only to mountaineers and geographers that this great mountain country is interesting. The Caucasus ought for many years to come to provide ample material for workers in every branch of natural science, as well as for historical and ethnological students; and, last but not least, for the lover of noble scenery and primitive life who views the out ward shows of the world without com- " mitting himself to the special study of any particular branch" of knowledge,? " Contentedif he mayenjoy The thingswhich others understand." Meteorology ofthe Eed Sea and Ga^e Guardafui.% By General B. Stkachey r.e., f.r.s., pbesident b.g.s. Charts, p. 748. Weather Charts of the Bed Sea for January and July.?In these charts,which have been prepared in the Marine Branch of the Meteorological Office,under the supervision of Captain Toynbee and Lieutenant Baillie, the usual system of exhibiting the pressureand temperature,by isobars and isotherms,has not been adopted, as the necessary informationis entirelywanting. The diagrams, * * Petermann'sMitteilungen,' vol. xxxiv. * t For furtherinformation on Caucasian ethnology,see au * Klaproth, Voyage Caucase'; Journalof the Eoyal Asiatic Society,'articles by Mr. E. N, Cust (with list of authorities)and Mr. D. Morgan,vols. xvii, xviii.; 'Petermann's Mitteilungen/ ' vol. xxiii.; V. Miiller's Ossete Studies'; Prof. Kovalevsky's,Uslar's, and Schiefner's works(in Russian); E. Chantre'sfinely illustrated volumes. The above referencesare incomplete,but they may suffice to set a studenton the track. A fineethnological map of the Caucasus has been publishedby the Government. X Read to the GeographicalSection of the BritishAssociation, Bath, Sept. 6th,1888. This content downloaded from 188.72.126.108 on Fri, 20 Jun 2014 14:33:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions METEOROLOGYOF THE RED SEA AND CAPE GUARDAFUI. 705 therefore,have been preparedso as to give what may he terrneda sectionalview of the data reeorded,referred to a line supposed to be drawn along the axis of the Red Sea, correspondingto the usual tracks of vessels, and prolongedin like manner throughthe Gulf of Aden. January. North-eastMonsoon Season. Wind.?The northerlywind blows almost uninterruptedlyfrom the Gulf of Suez to about 23? N., and continuesas the prevailingwind to about 19? N., whilst furtherto the southwardthe south-easterly wind prevails. From 23? N. to about 15? N. thereis a minglingof the winds from the principal directionsof north and south-east,and from18? to 20? N. the winds fromthese directionsare of almost equal frequency(this area is shaded darker in the diagram). In the Gulf of Aden the wind is principally easterly, and draws somewhatfrom the northwardin the easternpart. Calms are most frequentbetween Aden and 20? N., hut they forma very small proportionof the observations. The forceof the wind is rather strongerwith the south-easterlywinds than with the northerly,and the strengthof a moderate or freshgale is frequentlymet with betweenPerim and 20? N. * Barometer.?The mean heightof the barometerranges from about 30 10 inches in the Gulf of Suez to 29*97 inches in about 15? N., giving a gradient of 0*13 in about 1100 miles. A second maximum about 30'06 inches is shown in the eastern part of the Gulf of Aden, givinga gradientof a rathersmaller amount,but extend- ing over only about half the distanceor less. The resultsdeduced fromthe several sources(logs in the MeteorologicalOffice, of P. and O. ships,and fromthe Admiralty) agree well among themselves. Air Temperature.?The mean air temperatureranges from about 64? in the Gulf of Suez to 79? in 16? N. In the Gulf of Aden the mean temperatureis generallyabout 77?. Current.?The general driftof the currentis to the westward in the Gulf of Aden and to the N.N.W. in the Red Sea; its strengthis very light, and nowhere does it exceed a knot an hour; as a rule it is less than half a knot an hour. Sea Temperature.?The mean sea temperatureranges from 65? in the Gulf of Suez to 79? in 19? N., and fromthis position southward,as well as in the Gulf of Aden, the temperatureis between 77? and 79?. These temperaturesare somewhat higher?1? or 2??than those of the air. ? SpecificGravity.?The mean specificgravity ranges from1 0314 in the Gulf of Suez to 1*0270 iu the Gulf of Aden, the decreasebeing fairlygradua1. July. South-west Monsoon Season. Wind.?The direction of the wind is generallyfrom the northwardand north-westwardover the whole area of the Red Sea, drawing more westerlyin the southernpart, whilst in the Gulf of Aden the prevailingdirection is westerlyand south-westerly. The mean forceof the wind is about the same in differentparts of the district,but the individual observations show that the forceof a gale is attaincd only in the Gulf of Suez and in the Gulf of Aden, strongestin the latter. Calms are about twice as numerousas in January and now formabout 15 per cent. of the total wind observations. * Barometer.?The mean barometerranges from29 79 inches in the Gulf of Suez to 29' 67 inches offAden, being throughoutabout 0* 30 inches lowerthan in January. The resultsobtained fromthe MeteorologicalOffice and P. and O. observationsare in good agreement. The gradient between the northernand southernends of the sea remainsabout the same, but the minimumin lat. 15? N. is no longerobserved, and with it the relativelyhigh pressureover the Gulf of Aden also disappears. Air Temperature.?The mean air temperatureranges from about 82? in the Gulf of Suez to 90? in the southernpart of the Red Sea. A sharp fall is shown on approachingPerim, and a second minimum of 84? is reached off Aden. These This content downloaded from 188.72.126.108 on Fri, 20 Jun 2014 14:33:13 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 706 METEOROLOGYOF THE RED SEA AND CAPE GUARDAFUI. temperaturesare higherthan thoseof Januaryby 18? forSuez, 11? forthe southern part of the sea, and 7? forthe Gulf of Aden. Current.?The currentis excessivelyslight in the Red Sea. A tendencyto a south-south-easterlyset is, however,indicated between 17? and 20? N., and thereis also some evidenceof a very weak northerlyset in the northernpart of the district. On approachingPerim there is an indicationof a currentsetting from the Red Sea throughthe straitsof Bab-el-Mandeb. In the Gulf of Aden a strongeasterly eurrent is manifestedon the Arabian side, and a somewhat weaker currentis shown to be settingto the westwardon the Africanside. Sea Temperature.?The temperatureof the sea ranges from77? in the Gulf of Suez to 89? in the southernpart of the Red Sea, and like the air temperatureit tben decreases rapidlyto 84? near Perim, the minimumof 81? being reached offAden; in the easternpart of the gulf it again increasesto 84?*5. These temperaturesare respectivelyhigher than those observed in January, by 12? at Suez, 10? in the southernparts of the sea, and from3? to 5? in the Gulf of Aden. The sea tempera? ture in July in the Gulf of Suez is 5? lower than that of the air, in the southern part of the sea about 1? lower. SpecificGravity.?The specificgravity ranges from1*0310 in the Gulf of Suez to 1*0267 offAden, whilst a slight increase is shown in the eastern part of the gulf. The winds and the currentsat the two seasons obviouslyfollow the pressureand temperature.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Artistic Heritage of Somalia Author(S): Mary Jo Arnoldi Source: African Arts, Vol
    Regents of the University of California The Artistic Heritage of Somalia Author(s): Mary Jo Arnoldi Source: African Arts, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Aug., 1984), pp. 24-33+93 Published by: UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3336154 Accessed: 03-11-2016 15:01 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Regents of the University of California, UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to African Arts This content downloaded from 141.213.142.215 on Thu, 03 Nov 2016 15:01:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Artistic Heritage of Somalia MARY JO ARNOLDI Somalia, situated on the Horn of Af- and explores both specific regional formsYaqubi, an Arab geographer writing in rica, stands at the crossroads of Af- and shared forms and ideologies that the are ninth century, mentioned both Zeila rica and Asia within a region of great cul- spread through the agency of Islam and and Mogadishu as important commer- tural diversity. Today the Somali people longstanding trade networks.1I cial cities (Castagno 1975: 14).
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu
    Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu By Nuredin Hagi Scikei Exploring the Old Stone Town of Mogadishu By Nuredin Hagi Scikei This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Nuredin Hagi Scikei All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0331-3 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0331-1 Dedicated to my father Hagi Scikei Abati, my mother Khadija Ali Omar, my sister Zuhra and my brother Sirajadin. CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ xi Acknowledgements .................................................................................. xiii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Who are the Banaadiri Maritime Traders and Ancient Banaadiri Settlements Religion and Learning The Growth of Foreign Trade, Urbanisation and the First Industries of Banaadir Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 11 The Campaign of Defamation against the Banaadiri
    [Show full text]
  • (I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?
    (i) THE SOCIAL STRUCTUBE OF SOumN SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?lling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London. October 197]. (ii) SDMMARY The subject is the social structure of a southern Somali community of about six thousand people, the Geledi, in the pre-colonial period; and. the manner in which it has reacted to colonial and other modern influences. Part A deals with the pre-colonial situation. Section 1 deals with the historical background up to the nineteenth century, first giving the general geographic and ethnographic setting, to show what elements went to the making of this community, and then giving the Geledj's own account of their history and movement up to that time. Section 2 deals with the structure of the society during the nineteenth century. Successive chapters deal with the basic units and categories into which this community divided both itself and the others with which it was in contact; with their material culture; with economic life; with slavery, which is shown to have been at the foundation of the social order; with the political and legal structure; and with the conduct of war. The chapter on the examines the politico-religious office of the Sheikh or Sultan as the focal point of the community, and how under successive occupants of this position, the Geledi became the dominant power in this part of Somalia. Part B deals with colonial and post-colonial influences. After an outline of the history of Somalia since 1889, with special reference to Geledi, the changes in society brought about by those events are (iii) described.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Chapter
    01-7570-6 ch01 rotberg 10/17/05 8:31 AM Page 1 1 The Horn of Africa and Yemen Diminishing the Threat of Terrorism Robert I. Rotberg he greater Horn of Africa thrusts itself toward Yemen and Thence the heart of Arabia and the Persian/Arab Gulf. Within the complex region of northeastern Africa that extends from the peaks of Kilimanjaro to the depression of Djibouti and from the deserts of Chad to the Red Sea and on southward, past Cape Guardafui, to the barren coastline of Punt, there are 149 million people, more than half of whom are Muslims.1 For geostrategic reasons, especially in an era of terror, Yemen belongs naturally to this greater Horn of Africa region, adding another 20 million people, virtually all Muslims. Although not necessarily cohesive physically, despite the unifying Rift Valley theme (from the Sudan and Djibouti south through Ethiopia and into Kenya), in the global battles for freedom and democracy and against terrorism these seven nation-states (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, the Sudan, and Yemen) astride the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Indian Ocean share a common enemy. They also roughly share a paucity of resources and unful- filled desires for rapid economic advancement. Al Qaeda can strike anywhere. It has already struck twice in Kenya, at least once in Somalia, and once (with at least two 1 01-7570-6 ch01 rotberg 10/17/05 8:31 AM Page 2 2 Robert I. Rotberg important retaliations) in Yemen. So the greater Horn of Africa and Yemen region is bound together by its recent history as a sometime target, by its geo- graphical proximity to the homeland of Osama bin Laden and the primary regional object of his political anger, by long and continuing interrelationships of licit and illicit trade, by religion, by centuries of Muslim-Christian accom- modation and antagonism, by renowned resistances against Western colonizers (in the Horn), and by shared poverty, poor governance, and under- development.
    [Show full text]
  • Wanted!!! Euphorbia Prona S.Carter
    EUPHORBIA WORLD Wanted!!! Euphorbia prona S.Carter Wolfgang Ewest Post box 580745 10415 Berlin Germany [email protected] Fig. 1: View on the habitat of Euphorbia prona 8 km W of Bargal (photo: Susan Carter) ( or many years I have kept a plant labelled cuttings are available occasionally in the trade and the Euphorbia spec. "Cape Gardafui" in my col- species is not all that rare in cultivation. lection. Thus its origin is the outermost point As the plant has been known long since and its of theF Horn of Africa, Cape Guardafui (sometimes also origin is clear, the question of its identity is inevitable. spelled Cape Gardafui). According to John Lavranos When I asked Susan Carter a few years ago I received (pers. comm.) he collected this Euphorbia there to- an answer that it is Euphorbia prona S.Carter. As Cape gether with Renato Bavazzano in 1970 and probably Guardafui is not far (about 65 km) from Bargal, the it was collected again later by Beckett. type locality of E. prona, I was intrigued and visited the The species is not of easy culture. What I have Kew Herbarium to see the holotype of E. prona (Fig. not yet understood is especially its natural growth 6). I do not want to discuss the status of Euphorbia rhythm. My plant may not show any sign of growth spec. "Cape Gardafui" here, but I think there are some at all for several years when all of a sudden it starts differences with Euphorbia prona. growing. "Woken up" it produces side branches (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons Piracy
    U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons CIWAG Case Studies 8-2012 Piracy Martin Murphy Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/ciwag-case-studies Recommended Citation Murphy, Martin, "MIWS_05 - Piracy" (2012). CIWAG Maritime Irregular Warfare Studies. 5. https://digital- commons.usnwc.edu/ciwag-case-studies/11 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in CIWAG Case Studies by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Draft as of 121916 ARF R W ARE LA a U nd G A E R R M R I E D n o G R R E O T U N P E S C U N E IT EG ED L S OL TA R C TES NAVAL WA Piracy Dr. Martin Murphy United States Naval War College Newport, Rhode Island Piracy Martin Murphy Center on Irregular Warfare & Armed Groups (CIWAG) US Naval War College, Newport, RI [email protected] Murphy: Piracy CIWAG Case Studies Water Wars: The Brahmaputra River and Sino-Indian Relations— Mark Christopher Taliban Networks in Afghanistan—Antonio Giustozzi Operationalizing Intelligence Dominance—Roy Godson El Salvador in the 1980s: War by Other Means—Donald R. Hamilton Operational Strategies to Counter IED Threat in Iraq—Michael Iacobucci Sovereign Wealth Funds as Tools of National Strategy: Singapore’s Approach—Devadas Krishnadas Varieties of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Iraq, 2003-2009— Jon Lindsay and Roger Petersen Piracy—Martin Murphy An Operator’s Guide to Human Terrain Teams—Norman Nigh Revolutionary Risks: Cyber Technology and Threats in the 2011 Libyan Revolution—John Scott-Railton Organizational Learning and the Marine Corps: The Counterinsurgency Campaign in Iraq—Richard Shultz Reading the Tea Leaves: Proto-Insurgency in Honduras—John D.
    [Show full text]
  • Somali Piracy and the Introduction of Somalia to the Western World
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2011 Somali Piracy And The Introduction Of Somalia To The Western World Daniel A. Jean-Jacques University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Jean-Jacques, Daniel A., "Somali Piracy And The Introduction Of Somalia To The Western World" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2058. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2058 SOMALI PIRACY AND THE INTRODUCTION OF SOMALIA TO THE WESTERN WORLD by DANIEL A. JEAN-JACQUES B. A. University of Central Florida, 2004 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2011 ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the origins of the modern phenomenon of Somali piracy within a deeper historical context. More specifically, this analysis concentrates on the development of piracy in the north of the country. It is here contended that Somali piracy is, in fact, the product of the confluence of three historical currents. The first of these currents is the progressive degeneration of traditional Somali institutions due to exposure to the colonial and global markets.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-788 This Report Is Preliminary and Has Not Been Reviewed for Conformity with U.S
    SO-2 HUT1D STATES OF THE HCTOLIO* GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROJECT REPORT Somalia Investigation (IR)SO-2 A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE NON-FUEL MINERAL POTENTIAL OF SOMALIA By William Rucker Greenwood U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-788 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratlgraphic nomenclature. (Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS.) TOR? CONTENTS Page Abstract................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................. 2 Summary of Geology....................................................... 3 PreCambrian......................................................... 3 Bur Region..................................................... 3 Northern Mountains............................................. 4 Gneissic complex.......................................... 4 Inda Ad Series............................................ 5 Mafic igneous rocks....................................... 5 Granite................................................... 5 Structure................................................. 5 Metamorphism.............................................. 6 Phanerozoic......................................................... 6 Jurassic rocks................................................. 6 Borama-Zeila area......................................... 6 Bihendula area...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Lootable Resource on Africa's Horn
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Social Sciences Master’s thesis and Technology Management Department of Sociology and Political Science Andreas Bruvik Westberg BruvikWestberg Andreas Trondheim, Spring2011 Trondheim, Science thesisinPolitical Master’s else? everywhere they And whyare Somalia? Northwest in nopirates there Why are Horn: on Africa’s Resource The Lootable The lootable resource on Africa’s Horn Why are there no pirates in Northwest Somalia? And why are they everywhere else? Andreas Bruvik Westberg Spring 2011 Master’s thesis in Political Science Department of Sociology and Political Science (ISS) Norwegian University of Science and Technology i Abstract: In this thesis I wish to examine the underlying mechanisms that caused the onset of piracy in Somalia. Since the 1990s piracy has spread like wildfire from the Northeast of Somalia and Southwards. Yet it has failed to take root in the Northwest. Why are there no pirates there? And why are they everywhere else? To explain the onset of piracy I introduce conflict study literature on lootable resources and actors in conflict. I propose that the concepts of lootability and obstructability enable us to understand why, when and how individuals and groups decide to violently appropriate international shipping. The presence of weak institutional authority, economic marginalization and a heavy reliance on artisanal fishing appear to be important contributors to the presence of piracy. My main conclusion is, furthermore, that while the precise activity of hunting down and hijacking is a new phenomenon, the activity of looting international shipping and demanding ransom is no stranger to the shores of the Northeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Assessment of Acts of Piracy Under Contemporary International
    Golden Gate University School of Law GGU Law Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 11-30-2017 Re-assessment of Acts of Piracy Under Contemporary International Law With Particular Reference to Activities of Somali Pirates Nutcha Sukhawattanakun Golden Gate University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/theses Part of the International Law Commons, and the Law of the Sea Commons Recommended Citation Sukhawattanakun, Nutcha, "Re-assessment of Acts of Piracy Under Contemporary International Law With Particular Reference to Activities of Somali Pirates" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 79. https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/theses/79 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at GGU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of GGU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Re-assessment ofActs ofPiracy Under Contemporary International Law with Particular Reference to Activities ofSomali Pirates A Dissertation Submitted To The Committee of International Legal Studies In Candidacy for the Degree Of Scientiae Juridicae Doctor Department oflnternational Legal Studies GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY By Nutcha Sukhawattanakun San Francisco, California November 30, 2017 Copyright by Nutcha Sukhawattanakun 2017 i Golden Gate University The Dissertation Committee for Ms. Nutcha Sukhawattanakun Certifies that this
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Somali Piracy: from Classical Piracy to Contemporary Piracy, C
    The History of Somali Piracy: From Classical Piracy to Contemporary Piracy, c. 1801-2011 Mohamed Haji Ingiriis Sur la côte nord-est de la Somalie, la piraterie est un péril contemporain tant sur mer que sur terre. Le but de ce papier est de traiter la dimension historique de la piraterie somalienne, en particulier dans le Puntland, en employant des limites théoriques qui dépassent le champ de l’historiographie somalien actuel. Cette étude montre que la piraterie contemporaine garde un lien historique avec la piraterie classique, fait qui n’a pas été noté à ce jour, en partie à cause d’une focalisation sur la récente famine qui a dévasté la Corne de l’Afrique et qui semble fournir une explication immédiate. L’intention ici est d’ajouter un nouveau point de vue historique et dimension culturelle au discours actuel sur la piraterie en Somalie afin de la mettre en contexte. Utilisant la tradition orale et la documentation de voyages somaliens coloniales, cet article examine la piraterie somalienne dans un contexte global et somalien, en faisant valoir que les causes profondes de la piraterie dans cette partie de la Corne de l’Afrique ont été cultivés—non comme les chercheurs « nationalistes » ont soutenu—mais par la culture somalienne de vol de chameau, exacerbée par l’environnement hostile. Il est impossible, on fera également valoir, de comprendre la piraterie somalienne contemporaine sans plonger dans l’histoire maritime de la Somalie et la piraterie classique à terre. Ce document conclut que les pirates somaliens contemporains sont les descendants des pirates classiques qui étaient connus pour leurs déprédations dans la région du Cap Guardafui au cours du XIXe siècle.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia Agrculturalsector Review FILE PY (In Three Volumes)
    Report No. 2821a-SO Somalia AgrculturalSector Review FILE PY (In Three Volumes) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume II:Annexes 1-3 June29, 1981 EasternAfrica RegionalOffice Northern Agriculture Division FOR OFFICIAL USEONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank This documenthas a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties.Its contentsmay not otherwise be disclosedwithout World Bankauthorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Somali Shilling (So.Sh.) US$0.1589 = So.Sh. 1.00 US$1.00 = So.Sh. 6.295 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 hectare (ha) 2 10,000 m 1 square kilometer (km ) = 100 ha 1 metric ton (ton) = 1,000 kg ABBREVIATIONS ADC - Agricultural Development Corporation ENC - National Trading Company FYDP - Five Year Development Program GDP - Gross Domestic Product LDA - Livestock Development Agency MLFR - Ministry of Livestock, Forestry and Range MOA - Ministry of Agriculture MNP - Ministry of National Planning NBB - National Banana Board NES - National Extension Service NRA - National Range Agency ONAT - Farm Machinery and Agricultural Services Organization SPC - State Planning Commission TYDP - Three Year Development Program FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - 1 - ANNEX I SOMALIA AGRICUTURAL SECTOR REVIEW The Livestock and Wildlife Subsector Table of Contents Page No. I. RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ....................... 1 A. General . .................... * ........... I B. Production Systems and Herd Productivity .......... 1 C. Wildlife .......................................................11 II. SERVICES TO THE SUBSECTOR .............................. 12 A. Ministry of Livestock, Forestry and Range (MLFR) ... 12 B. Other Government Services .......................... 17 III. MARKETING, PROCESSING AND INPUT SUPPLY ................. 18 A. Livestock Marketing .............. ....... 18 B. Hides and Skins ..................................
    [Show full text]