DOCSLIB.ORG

Iran to Build Undersea Transparent Lab in Persian Gulf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Iran to Build Undersea Transparent Lab in Persian Gulf Art & Culture AUGUST 24, 2014 3 This Day in History Iran to Build Undersea (August 24) This Day in History (August 24) Today is Sunday, 2nd of the Iranian month of Shahrivar 1393 solar hijri; corresponding to 27th of the Islamic month of Shawwal 1435 lunar hijri; and August 24, 2014, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar. Transparent Lab in 1935 solar years ago, on this day in 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted, burying in volcanic ash and molten lava the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae, which were notorious as vice dens. An estimated 20,000 people were struck by divine wrath. When discovered some 17 centuries later, the sites became astonishing archaeological time capsules. Today, Pompeii, whose excavation has provided a detailed insight into the life of a Roman city, including the erotic and Persian Gulf sinful ways of the pagans, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here it is necessary to recall the warnings of God Almighty in the holy Qur’an to mankind to travel around the world to see the ruins TEHRAN (MNA) – Head of Ira- stitute for Oceanography and At- of the past nations and reflect on the fate that befell unrepentant sinners. Pompeii and its inhabitants nian National Institute for Ocean- mospheric Science and that “such were destroyed after due warnings years before the major eruption of Vesuvius. In 62 AD, a major earthquake had devastated most of the city. Although preceded over the past decades with smaller ography and Atmospheric Science laboratory is a natural lab which tremblers, this severe earthquake was a divine warning to the people to leave their sinful ways. has said a glass laboratory will be provides the researchers with di- 1437 lunar years ago, on this day in the third year prior to the Hijra, or migration to Medina, built under Persian Gulf waters. rect access to samples.” Prophet Mohammad (SAWA) left for the city of Ta’ef, to invite the people to Islam, following Vahid Chegini said that the labo- Chegini further said that Iran growing persecution of Muslims by the infidels of Mecca, in the aftermath of the death of his uncle and guardian, Hazrat Abu Taleb (AS) and his loyal wife of 25-long years, Omm al- ratory will be built 30 to 40 meters owns required technology to Momineen Hazrat Khadija (SA). Here also he met stiff opposition from idolaters and had to under the waters of Persian Gulf build laboratory deep under wa- return to Mecca, although later the people of Ta’ef embraced the truth of Islam. where divers would have easy ac- ters; “Iran enjoys acess to sea in 1134 lunar years ago, on this day in 300 AH, the pious scholar, Sa’d bin Abdullah al-Ash’ari passed cess to it. its northern and southern borders away in Qom. He had the privilege of meeting Imam Hasan Askari (AS), the 11th Infallible Heir of Proph- et Mohammad (SAWA). An active missionary in Iran, his books include “Basa’er ad-Darajaat”. He added that the glass labora- which necessitates the country to 1114 lunar years ago, on this day in 320 AH, Muqtadar Billah, the 18th self-styled caliph tory provides researchers easy ac- achieve required technology to of the usurper Abbasid Dynasty, was killed by his slave guard after 25 years of misrule that cess to observe undersea marine boost water researches,” said he. bankrupted the state and increased the people’s misery, while the Byzantines felt emboldened to attack at will and occupy large territories in Asia Minor or what is now Turkey. The killing of life inside the lab. There are so many undiscovered this caliph, who spent all his time with musicians and dancers in the harem, had been foretold “Researchers and divers can eas- phenomena deep under sea waters by the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (AS) in one of his prophecies. ily sample different water parame- that make it interesting to learn 1053 lunar years ago, on this day in 381 AH, the renowned Iranian theologian and philosopher, Abu’l- ters such as measuring the salinity and search more about oceans. Hassan Mohammad ibn Yusuf al-Ameri, passed away in his hometown Naishapur in the northeastern province of Khorasan. He believed that Islam was the perfection of all religions. He also believed that the of water or its temperature to be There exist astonishing wonders Greeks, who produced such philosophers as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, did not have a final say because analyzed for laboratory use,” add- in Persian Gulf for researchers and they as a society, lacked a prominent prophet, who ought to have a final say in all forms and matters. Ameri ed Head of Iranian National In- divers to discover. lived in a half century period between two other Iranian Islamic geniuses, Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Abu Ali Hussain Ibn Sina. He first studied under Abu Zayd al-Balkhi in Khorasan, before moving to Rayy near modern Tehran and then to Baghdad, where he met such noted intellectuals as Abu Hayyan Ali ibn Mohammad at-Tawhidi and Abu Ali Ahmad ibn Mohammad Ibn Miskawayh. After several years he Imam Reza (AS) 12th Int’l Festival returned to Iran and took up residence in Bukhara, where he had access to the royal library of the Iranian Samanid Dynasty. His works include: “al-E’laam be Manaqeb al-Islam” (An Exposition on the Merits TEHRAN (IQNA) - The 12th edition of Imam Reza (AS) International Festival will be held in 40 countries, cultural deputy of the Islamic Culture and Re- of Islam), and “Inqadh al-Bashar min aj-Jahrwa’l-Qadar” (Deliverance of Mankind from the Problem lations Organization (ICRO) said. of Predestination and Free Will). Mohammad Hussein Hashemi said that the previous edition of the festival was held in 40 representative centers of the country abroad. 665 solar years ago, on this day in 1349 AD, six thousand Jews were massacred by Christians in Mainz, Germany, after being blamed for the bubonic plague. In Europe, throughout history, He added that this year’s festival will include programs arranged by the ICRO, Al-Mustafa International University and Ahl-ul-Bayt (AS) World Assembly. Jews were denied rights and subjected to periodic massacres for betraying Prophet Jesus and Hashemi said Razavi culture activists from other countries will be invited to take part at the festival in Iran and some Iranian preachers and artists will slandering his virgin mother, Mary (SA). be dispatched to hold various parts of the festival abroad. 498 solar years ago, on this day in 1516 AD, the decisive Battle of Marj Dabiq resulted in a resounding According to the official, cultural products such as artworks about Imam Reza (AS), more than 100 Razavi short stories, printed and digital copies of victory for the Ottoman Sultan Selim I over the Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri of Egypt-Syria- Hijaz, ending within the next five months the 267-year old Mamluk Dynasty and transforming the Ottomans books on Seerah Razavi in 20 languages and some of the products gifted by Ahl-ul-Bayt (AS) World Assembly and Cultural-Art International Founda- from a realm on the margin of Islamic lands located in Asia Minor and south-western Europe, into a huge tion of Imam Reza (AS) have been sent to Iranian cultural centers in the US, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Qatar, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tajikistan, empire encompassing the historical cities of Cairo, Damascus, Bayt al-Moqaddas and Aleppo, as well as the Pakistan, Afghanistan, Malaysia, Thailand, etc, in preparation for the festival. holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The wars between the two Turkic powers had started in 1485 in southern Anatolia, when Bayazid II instead of concentrating on European campaigns turned eastwards to annex Some prominent researchers, artists and scholars actively involved in the dissemination of Razavi culture have been selected from Switzerland, Geor- the lands of fellow Muslims in Anatolia, much to the relief of Spanish Christians besieging the Emirate of gia, Pakistan, Lebanon, Nigeria, Madagascar, Spain and Uganda to be honored in the festival in the holy city of Mashhad, he went on to say. Granada, the last stronghold of Muslims in Spain, whose ruler had appealed to the Mamluks for help. Thus The Razavi festival is scheduled to be held on the birth anniversary of Imam Reza (AS) in September. in August 1516, Selim, two years after his narrow victory at Chaldiran in Azerbaijan over Shah Ismail I of Persia, invaded Syria, since he greatly feared that the Iranians, who still controlled Iraq, might reorganize and counterattack in view of the widespread influence of the Safavids in Syria and Anatolia (modern day Turkey), and their recent sending of an embassy to the Republic of Venice, through Mamluk ports in the Levant. In Iran Marks National Doctors Day the summer of 1516, Sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri marched into Syria for Asia Minor with a large army, but TEHRAN (MNA) – Iran marks – and The Canon of Medicine, an was deceived by Sultan Selim who made false promises of friendly ties, sent costly gifts, and played the august 23 the birth anniversary of sectarian card by saying that the real enemy is the Shi’ite Muslim Safavid dynasty of Iran. The Ottoman ruler, overview of all aspects of medicine having bribed the chief Mamluk courtiers, including the puppet Abbasid caliph of Cairo, Mutawakkel III, Abu Ali Sina, known in the west as that became a standard medical text launched a treacherous surprise attack that caught the Egyptian forces unprepared and resulted in the death Avicenna, as the National Doctors at many medieval universities and of Sultan al-Ghawri.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Dredgings August 2021
    August,2021 Volume 32,Issue 10AS LVI Being the Voiceofthe Barony ofLochmere in the KingdomofAtlantia, SCA,Inc. Inside thisissue ArtsandSciences .........................3 Foodfor Thought.........................5 Composerʼs Corner.....................7 HistoryHighlights.........................9 Table of Contents Their Excellencies..............................2 Lochmere Calendar of Events........2 Atlantia Calendar of Events ............2 Information on the Dredgings.......2 Attention Lochmere Officers..........2 This Month in History .......................3 Arts and Sciences...............................3 Their Excellencies Populace Meeting Minutes..............3 New Member Information ...............4 Baronial Reoccurring Activities ....4 Food for Thought...............................5 Greetings Lochmere, Composersʼ Corner...........................7 History Highlights..............................9 Lochmere Officers Listing............10 Lochmere Baronial Champions ..10 We are pleased to start seeing people in person again at practices, although summer is truly here and in full swing of hot! We urge Information of the Dredgings The Dredgings is a publication of everyone to stay hydrated! the Barony of Lochmere of the Society of Creative Anachronism, Inc. The Dredgings is a free Tuesdays Armor, Fencing, Art days have turned into quite the place publication and is available electronically. You may request a to be! copy from the Barony of Lochmere Chronicler at lochmere.chronicler @gmail.com This newsletter is not a corporate We also hear that archery practice is happening although it seems that publication of the Society of a bout of poorly timed rain has dampened that a few times. Creative Anachronism, Inc., and does not delineate SCA policies. ©2021, Society of Creative Anachronism, Inc We joined in on Eilionora’s online scriptorium, which is happening . every other week and were delighted to see faces from other kingdoms. For information on reprinting letter and artwork from this We were very impressed with everyone's talents and had a great time.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MYTH of 'TERRIBLE TURK' and 'LUSTFUL TURK' Nevs
    THE WESTERN IMAGE OF TURKS FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE 21ST CENTURY: THE MYTH OF ‘TERRIBLE TURK’ AND ‘LUSTFUL TURK’ Nevsal Olcen Tiryakioglu A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2015 Copyright Statement This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights. i Abstract The Western image of Turks is identified with two distinctive stereotypes: ‘Terrible Turk’ and ‘Lustful Turk.’ These stereotypical images are deeply rooted in the history of the Ottoman Empire and its encounters with Christian Europe. Because of their fear of being dominated by Islam, European Christians defined the Turks as the wicked ‘Other’ against their perfect ‘Self.’ Since the beginning of Crusades, the Western image of Turks is associated with cruelty, barbarity, murderousness, immorality, and sexual perversion. These characteristics still appear in cinematic representations of Turks. In Western films such as Lawrence of Arabia and Midnight Express, the portrayals of Turks echo the stereotypes of ‘terrible Turk’ and ‘lustful Turk.’ This thesis argues that these stereotypes have transformed into a myth and continued to exist uniformly in Western contemporary cinema. The thesis attempts to ascertain the uniformity and consistency of the cinematic image of Turks and determine the associations between this image and the myths of ‘terrible Turk’ and ‘lustful Turk.’ To achieve this goal, this thesis examines the trajectory of the Turkish image in Western discourse between the 11th and 21st centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for the Study of Islamic Architecture Historical Section
    RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION Prepared by: Sabri Jarrar András Riedlmayer Jeffrey B. Spurr © 1994 AGA KHAN PROGRAM FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION BIBLIOGRAPHIC COMPONENT Historical Section, Bibliographic Component Reference Books BASIC REFERENCE TOOLS FOR THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE This list covers bibliographies, periodical indexes and other basic research tools; also included is a selection of monographs and surveys of architecture, with an emphasis on recent and well-illustrated works published after 1980. For an annotated guide to the most important such works published prior to that date, see Terry Allen, Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass., 1979 (available in photocopy from the Aga Khan Program at Harvard). For more comprehensive listings, see Creswell's Bibliography and its supplements, as well as the following subject bibliographies. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND PERIODICAL INDEXES Creswell, K. A. C. A Bibliography of the Architecture, Arts, and Crafts of Islam to 1st Jan. 1960 Cairo, 1961; reprt. 1978. /the largest and most comprehensive compilation of books and articles on all aspects of Islamic art and architecture (except numismatics- for titles on Islamic coins and medals see: L.A. Mayer, Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics and the periodical Numismatic Literature). Intelligently organized; incl. detailed annotations, e.g. listing buildings and objects illustrated in each of the works cited. Supplements: [1st]: 1961-1972 (Cairo, 1973); [2nd]: 1972-1980, with omissions from previous years (Cairo, 1984)./ Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography, ed. Terry Allen. Cambridge, Mass., 1979. /a selective and intelligently organized general overview of the literature to that date, with detailed and often critical annotations./ Index Islamicus 1665-1905, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Defterology Festschriftinhonor
    JOURNAL OF TURKISH STUDIES TÜRKLÜK BİLGİSİ ARAŞTIRMALARI VOLUME 39 December 2013 Edited by - Yayınlayanlar Cemal KAFADAR • Gönül A. TEKİN DEFTEROLOGY FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF HEATH LOWRY Guest Editors Selim S. KURU Baki TEZCAN Editorial Board - Tahrir Heyeti Cemal KAFADAR • Selim S. KURU • Günay KUT • Gönül A. TEKİN Consulting Editors - Yardımcı Yazı Kurulu N. AÇIKGÖZ muğla E. BIRNBAUM toronto M. CANPOLAT ankara R. DANKOFF chicago C. DİLÇİN ankara P. FODOR budapest E. HARMANCI kocaeli H. İNALCIK ankara C. KAFADAR cambridge, mass M. KALPAKLI ankara C. KURNAZ ankara A. T. KUT istanbul G. KUT istanbul G. NECİPOĞLU cambridge, mass M. ÖLMEZ istanbul Z. ÖNLER çanakkale K. RÖHRBORN göttingen W. THACKSTON, Jr. cambridge, mass T. TEKİN ankara S. TEZCAN ankara Z. TOSKA istanbul E. TRYJARSKI warsaw P. ZIEME berlin JOURNAL OF TURKISH STUDIES TÜRKLÜK BİLGİSİ ARAŞTIRMALARI VOLUME 39 December 2013 Edited by Cemal KAFADAR • Gönül A. TEKİN DEFTEROLOGY FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF HEATH LOWRY Guest Editors Selim S. KURU Baki TEZCAN Published at the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Harvard University 2013 TÜRKLÜK BİLGİSİ ARAŞTIRMALARI JOURNAL OF TURKISH STUDIES CİLT 39 Aralık 2013 Yayınlayanlar Cemal KAFADAR • Gönül A. TEKİN DEFTEROLOJİ HEATH LOWRY ARMAĞANI Yayına Hazırlayanlar Selim S. KURU Baki TEZCAN Harvard Üniversitesi Yakındoğu Dilleri ve Medeniyetleri Bölümünde yayınlanmıştır 2013 Copyright © 2013 by the editors All rights reserved • Bütün telif hakları yayınlayanlara aittir Managing Editor of JOURNAL OF TURKISH STUDIES Günay KUT Composer of the JOURNAL OF TURKISH STUDIES İbrahim Tekin Baskı: KİTAP MATBAACILIK Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-131003 ISSN: 0743-0019 Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE Cover design and background • Kapak düzeni By Sinan AKTAŞ Tughra, Mehemmed II (1481) Aşık Paşa : Garib-nâme (İ.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY 237 Final Exam January 20, 2006
    HISTORY 237 Final Exam January 20, 2006 Instructions: Answer all three parts as required. PART ONE: Answer one of the following Questions: 1. Reconstruct a meeting of the imperial council (Divani Humayun ) in the late 1530s or early 1570s. Identify participants, major domestic and external issues under discussion and contributions that could be made by individual members. 2. Imagine the life of a timariot (timar holder) in a period of three years in any one of the following locations: Anatolia, Rumelia or Syria, in the course of the Ottoman Safavid war of the early 16th century or the Ottoman-Habsburg wars of the 16th century. Your account of his life should include his relations with: peasants on his timar, members of his retinue, provincial authorities and other timariots. 3. Imagine the life of a janissary in the 1520s reconstructing his life in the barracks, preparation for the Hungarian campaigns of the period and the siege of Vienna and subsequent retreat. Part II: Answer any one of the following questions: 1. The period from about 1450-1566 in Ottoman history is generally referred to by o significant characteristics of this period that warrant this description; otherwise, suggest a different term (or terms, if you think the period is divisible). Go into details and use your general knowledge and readings to substantiate your argument. 2. Despite its control of almost all the principal trade routes between the Far East and the West by the early 16th century the Ottoman Empire lagged behind Western Europe in the development of a capitalist economy. Explain this by reference to the Ottoman economic system and other internal factors as well as relevant external developments.
    [Show full text]
  • (1516-1917): Ottoman Inscriptions from Jerusalem and Other Palestinian Cities
    JOURNAL OF lSLAMICJERUSALEM STUDIES (WINTER2009) 10:65-68 BOOK.~ REVIEW TURKJSHJERUSALEM (1516-1917): OTTOMAN INSCRIPTIONS FROM JERUSALEM AND OTHER PALESTINIAN CITIES By: Mehmet Tiitiincii Sota Publications, Netherlands, 2006 352 pp. PB. €59. ISBN 90-807403-4-9 The city of Islamicjerusalem embraces one of the ancient civilisations of the world. Its history has been shaped by the continuous political and religious struggle over this unique city and region in the past decades. One of the long and distinct dynasties that ruled Islamicjerusalem is the rule of the Ottoman Empire. The holy city is a clear example of Ottoman presence and identity. The Dome of the Rock, at the heart of the holy city illustrates a fac;ade of Ottomans. The Ottomans defeated the Mamluks in 1516 CE in the battle of Marj Dabiq and entered the region of Islamicjerusalem months later under Sultan Salim I. Ottoman Sultans held a special relationship with Islamicjerusalem .as a holy place not only to Muslims but also to Christians and Jews throughout their four hundred year rule. Mehmet Tiitiincii' s 'Turkish Jerusalem' is an attempt to research the Turkish presence in Islamicjerusalem in this period. The focus of the book is Ottoman inscriptions particularly in the holy city. Tiitiincii has · recently published another book that focuses on the wider region of Turkish Palestine. Tiitiincii argues that the involvement of the Turks goes back to decades prior to the Ottoman rule. To Tiitiincii, the Turkish rule goes as far back as the Seljuqs, and Mamluks. He also argues that اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺪس www.isravakfi.org JOURNAL OF ISLAMICJERUSALEM STUDIES ·despite the long mle of the Turks, their 'heritage and contribution to J emsalem is often overlooked or underestimated in the literature' in spite of the major changes the region witnessed in a number of aspects such as the social, economic, architectural and religious life.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016-2017 Eğitim Öğretim Yılı Faaliyet Raporu
    İSTANBUL 29 MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2016/2017 EĞİTİM – ÖĞRETİM YILI FAALİYET RAPORU İÇİNDEKİLER BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ÜST YÖNETİCİ SUNUŞU 3 1.1. VAKIF YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMUNUN KISA TARİHÇESİ, MİSYONU VE VİZYONU 5 1.2. AKADEMİK VE İDARİ YAPI 12 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM BEŞERİ, FİZİKSEL VE TEKNOLOJİ KAYNAKLAR 2.1. Akademik Personel 23 2.2. İdari Personel ve Dağılımı 67 2.3. Toplam Fiziksel Alanlar ve Dağılımı 68 2.4. Eğitim ve Araştırma Mekanları ve Teknolojik Kaynaklar 71 2.5. Kütüphane, Okuma Salonu ve Konferans Salonları 72 2.6. Sosyal, Sportif, Kültürel, Sanatsal Etkinlik Mekanları 77 2.7. Beşeri, Fiziksel ve Teknolojik Kaynakları Geliştirmek Üzere Yürütülen ve Planlanan Projeler 77 2.8. Üniversitenin Fiziksel Alanlarının Genel Değerlendirilmesi 78 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ÖĞRENCİLER İLE İLGİLİ BİLGİLER VE ÖĞRENCİYE YÖNELİK HİZMETLER 3.1 Öğrenci Dağılımı ve Öğrencilerle İlgili Diğer Bilgiler 79 3.2 Öğrencilere Sağlanan İmkanlar ve Diğer Hizmetler 91 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM EĞİTİM – ÖĞRETİM, ARAŞTIRMA VE BİLİMSEL YAYIN FAALİYETLERİ 4.1 Eğitim-Öğretim Faaliyetleri 110 4.2 Araştırma ve Bilimsel Yayın Faaliyetleri 146 2 REKTÖR SUNUŞU İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi’nin kuruluş amacı vb. temel bilgiler yanında 2016-2017 akademik yılı sonu itibariyle yönetim yapısı, akademik ve idari birimleri, fiziki altyapı durumu, eğitim ve araştırma faaliyetleri gibi konularda genel bir fikir sunmak üzere hazırlanan bu rapor incelendiğinde özetle şu sonuçlara ulaşılabilmektedir: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı tarafından 2010 yılında kurulan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi 2016-2017 eğitim- öğretim yılında 3 fakülte, 1 yüksekokul, 1 enstitü, 5 uygulama ve araştırma merkezi ile, baştan itibaren benimsediği kalite ve akademik ölçütlerden taviz vermeme ilkesi doğrultusunda ve öğrenci merkezli bir eğitim anlayışıyla ülkemizin ve insanlığın sosyo- kültürel, ekonomik gelişimine katkı sağlamaya devam etmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450–1800*
    Hktgctou"cpf"Oknkvct{"Cfcrvcvkqp<"Vjg"Qvvqocpu"cpf vjg"Gwtqrgcp"Oknkvct{"Tgxqnwvkqp."3672聡3:22 Gábor Ágoston Journal of World History, Volume 25, Number 1, March 2014, pp. 85-124 (Article) Rwdnkujgf"d{"Wpkxgtukv{"qh"Jcyck)k"Rtguu DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2014.0005 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jwh/summary/v025/25.1.agoston.html Access provided by Georgetown University Library (3 Aug 2014 11:52 GMT) Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450–1800* gábor ágoston Georgetown University he mass adoption of firearms as a tool of warfare dramatically Tchanged the nature of military conflict from the mid fifteenth cen- tury onward, prompting historians of early modern Europe to describe the changes as a “gunpowder revolution” or “Military Revolution”—a thesis that provoked a spirited scholarly debate in the 1990s. Although the original concept, as set forth by Michael Roberts in 1955, did not single out firearms technology, in the influential elaboration of the the- sis by Geoffrey Parker (1988), firearms and artillery fortifications (trace italienne, which were developed in response to artillery firepower) became the main building blocks of the thesis. According to the thesis, the new fortresses required much larger armies to successfully besiege them, leading to a dramatic increase in the size of European armies. To build and maintain artillery fortifications, large artillery trains and ever larger armies in turn required a more centralized government. Thus, the introduction of firearms led to the rise of centralized states in Europe—and, on a global scale, to the “rise of the West.”1 * I thank Edmund Burke and the late Jerry Bentley for commissioning this article.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mamluk Jan Bardi Al-Ghazali and the Ottoman Sultanate: a New
    Osama M. ABU NAHEL Journal of Islamic Research. 2020;31(2):394-415 ARAŞTIRMA VE İNCELEME RESEARCH The Mamluk Jan Bardi al-Ghazali and the Ottoman Sultanate: A New Historical Outlook Memlük Canbirdi Gazâlî ve Osmanlı Saltanatı: Yeni Tarihsel Bir Bakış Açısı Osama M. ABU NAHELa ABSTRACT This study deals with the life of an important Mamluk around to whom there have been a number of Historical Narrations that label him as a traitor and a Collaborator with the aAl-Azhar University Ottoman Sultanate that is Jan Bardi al-Ghazali. The study is entitled "the Mamluk Jan Bardi al- Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, Ghazali and the Ottoman Sultanate: A New Historical Outlook." The significance of this study Department of History, arises from the deliberate failure of some researchers to reveal the truth, and their giving full Gaza, PALESTINE credence to what old historians prejudiced Narration of this figures. Such prejudice is not manifested in their leveling the dreadful charge of treason at him. Researchers simply narrated Received: 30.03.2020 the Narrations on al-Ghazali given historians without even trying to verify the authenticity of Received in revised form: 12.06.2020 Accepted: 03.07.2020 such Narrations never realizing that they date back to the same source, so that such Narrations Available online: 20.08.2020 have been assumed as facts. In the modest effort of mine, try to hold an objective and disinterested stance in my endeavor to disclose the true personality of al-Ghazali, investigating Correspondence: the factors motivating scholars to accuse him of treason.
    [Show full text]
  • Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTE
    48-JLS-0040 ARMS AND ARMOR OF THE MIDDLE EAST An Interactive Qualifying Project Report: Submitted to the Faculty Of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By John David Quartararo _______________________ Jon Mulla _______________________ Guin Petrousky _______________________ Eric Hall _______________________ Joseph Hsu _______________________ Date: Approved: Professor Jeffrey Forgeng Abstract This project was created with the Higgins Armory Museum in an effort to catalogue artifacts of Middle Eastern Arms & Armor, and to place the artifacts in a historical, cultural, and military context. Research papers outline the history, culture, weapons and arms from the lands of Turkey, North Africa, Persia, Arabia, as well as an overview of the advent of Islam. The artifacts have been photographed and catalogued, and all of this information is integrated into an interactive website. 2 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Islamic Overview ............................................................................................................................ 8 Arabia before Islam ..................................................................................................................... 8 The life of Muhammad ............................................................................................................... 9 The “Rightly
    [Show full text]
  • A CASE STUDY of the MAʿN FAMILY* Massoud Daher It Is
    THE LEBANESE LEADERSHIP AT THE BEGINNING OF THE OTTOMAN PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAʿN FAMILY* Massoud Daher It is diffi cult to fi nd generally acceptable terms and concepts to describe Lebanon and the Lebanese leadership in the sixteenth century. Aft er all, the term ‘Lebanon’ in its current political sense only came into use in 1920 when the French mandate authorities created the state of Grand Liban, Greater Lebanon. Its geographical boundaries were established by the French shortly before the offi cial announcement of the new state on 1 September of that year, and in 1922 the boundaries between Syria (then under French mandate) and Palestine (then under British mandate) were set permanently. Contemporary Ottoman documents do not suggest a strong Leba- nese military presence at the Battle of Marj Dabiq near Aleppo in 1516. Th e Lebanese chronicles claim the opposite, albeit without reference to verifi able sources. Th is discrepancy between the documents and the chronicles raises some questions. Did Fakhr al-Din I (r. 1516–1544) really participate in the Battle of Marj Dabiq? Did he have advance knowledge of the movement of Sultan Selim I’s armies? Th ese and other methodological problems cast long shadows of doubt over the veracity of the Lebanese chronicles describing the rise of the Maʿn family based in Jabal al-Shuf (later known as Jabal al-Maʿn and then Jabal Lubnan). I do not want to comment on the reliability or otherwise of these chronicles, which, again, are not supported by the Ottoman documents. Instead, I will take the narratives that describe the historical reality of local leadership in the Lebanese muqataʿat as my point of departure.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's Six Goals Artical Name : Implications of the Battle For
    Artical Name : Turkey¶s Six Goals Artical Subject : Implications of the battle for Jarablus Publish Date: 26/08/2016 Auther Name: Khorshid Delli Subject : More than two years have passed since ISIS occupied the Syrian city of Jarablus on the border with Turkey. Exactly 500 years ago, on August 24, ²the same date Turkish tanks rolled into ISIS occupied Jarablus²the Battle of Marj Dabiq took place and the Ottoman Sultan Selim I killed the Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri. The victory enabled the Ottoman armies to occupy the Levant before they marched southward to Cairo after winning the Battle of Ridaniya to begin their occupation of Egypt. Apart from the implications of its symbolic historical coincidence, Turkey's military intervention in Jarablus does raise many questions about its declared and implicit goals, the stances of regional and international powers and possible future consequences. However, the most important question revolves around what follows after the prompt battle for Jarablus, that many described it as a well- staged theatrical show.Turkey's Goals:1. The principal declared aim is to fight ISIS and force the group out of Jarablus. This became one of Turkey's core goals at the domestic level due to the escalation of ISIS's terrorist attacks on Turkish territory and bombings in the heart of major cities. Also, Turkey's border areas have also been hit by rockets and projectiles. At the regional and international levels, Ankara's political message is that it is serious in its fight against ISIS, especially in light of accusations against Ankara of supporting the group in the past.2.
    [Show full text]