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Idaj News Notes

Idaj News Notes

i. d. a.j news notes

Published by the United States Committee of the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa P.O. Box 17, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 April 1984 Telephone (617) 491-8343

I do not look at academically. Nobody who has been ''The Most Critical Days" involved in this as I was for twelve and a half years could possibly speak of apartheid in an academic fashion. as if it were something that A Talk by Archbishop Trevor Huddleston was a problem for the world community and parhcularly for the On February 28, 1984 Trevor Huddleston, the international president South African community-which can be in some extraordinary way of IDAF and head of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement, met with lived with. It cannot be lived with. It is the threat to peace in Southern friends and supporters ofIDAF-USA at Sparks House in Cambridge. The Africa, it is the threat to world peace over a vast area. Don't let's make following is excerpted from Huddleston's remarks at the reception. any mistake about this. I've just returned from a three·week visit to the Front-Line States: those sovereign. independent countries who have lived on the borders I will begin by saying that I know my hme is short. I'm now in my of and who feel the full impact of South African foreign 71st year and that's the biblical retirement age plus one, and therefore policy. I visited , Botswana, Zimbabwe, , and I know that I can't expect to have continued on page 2 all that much longer. But what I want to do with whatever time I have left is to devote it to the over­ ridingly important cause of fight­ Namibia's Future ing an institutionalized form of An Interview with Theo-Ben Gurirab of SWAPO racism which is totally destructive The following interl'iew with TheoBen Gurirab, the C;"; representatil'e on every level of human dignity ofthe People's Organization. leas conducted at Austin and human rights. I make no apol­ Hall at the Han'ard LalL' School on April 7. 1984. .\fr. Gurirab leas in ogy for saying I want to devote Cambridge as the guest ofHarmrd's Black Lau' Students Association. myself to this on the grounds that whom we thank for making the intem'eu' possible. this is a particular personal interest or a particular polihcal involve· There seems to be a lot ofconfusion lately betu'een the South Africans' ment. It is basically a totally actual agreement to lcithdrazc their forces from Angola and Slt:-lPO 5 religious involvement. because if proposal to negotiate a ceasefire lcith South .·'drica in .Yamibia. Some Trevor Huddleston the religion that I happen to people accuse SIt:-lPO of ciolating an agreement lchich they necer at Sparks House believe in and profess and live entered into. H'auld you comment on the tlCO agreements? by is not concerned with human rights, then I am not interested in that religion. To begin with, SWAPO has not said anything new about a ceasefire I have a tremendous sense of urgency about this meeting. This is a in Namibia. UN Resolution -us meeting convened by the International Defense and Aid Fund, of provides among other things that which I am chairman. The purpose of the Fund is to defend in SWAPO and South Africa, the two Southern Africa those who are victims of this institutionalized racism, parties to the conflict in Namibia, to defend them legally when they are brought to trial, as they are by must sign a ceasefire agreement. By the hundred, and of course to render aid to their families when they accepting -13.5, SWAPO has agreed are imprisoned. Isuppose all of us who know the scene in South Africa to that provision. That was in 1978. must think of people like and , who are Much has happened between that still serving life sentences for their opposihon to apartheid and who've - lime and the present. What we did already served over twenty years in prison. These were my friends, early in the year, in a letter dated S these were people that I've worked with, these are people that I knew! January 198-1 to the Secretary I think of another magnificent fighter. , who was assassi· General was to call once again for nated by a letter bomb, whose grave I visited only last month in ceasefire with South Africa, to Mozambique. I think particularly of all those who in one way or begin the implementation process. another I had friendship with when I was young, and whose gifts and All the outstanding issues have Theo-Ben Gurirab talents have been destroyed by apartheid. They are people who could been resolved. As a matter of fact, have built up within South Africa a country which would have been a everything was resolved already in 1978. Other issues were injected magnificent and tremendous example of what humanity can do, and by South Africa or by the Western Five, such as the issue of Cuban who are totally unable to do this so long as the apartheid regime is troops in Angola, such as the discussion of constitutional principles and maintained. These were my personal friends. continued on page 2 patient? Is it difficult for you to be patient, sitting here reaping the ''The Most Critical Days" continued from page 1 benefits of your investment in South Africa? Is it difficult for you to be patient when you're not torn by hunger and poverty and the total . In those countries I met either the head of state or the Prime . abolition of your own human dignity and human rights? Don't talk to Minister of each country, and the Foreign Ministers wherever I could, me about patience. It's only black Africans who have a right to speak not to mention members of the government. This is just to convey to about patience, and they've spoken about patience and acted in you that Ido speak with authority about what the leaders of the Front­ patience for too long. Line States believe in terms of South African aggression and South The International Defense and Aid Fund, which most of you, I African destabilization. know, understand and some of you support very strongly, is I'm sure however far away we are we can recognize what is struggling in this situation as constructively as we know how. It has to happening in Angola. South Africa has been occupying a whole be an activity which is, as they call it in the jargon, "low profile," province of that sovereign, independent country for over two years. because its basis is to supply the financial muscle within Southern South Africa has consistently supported within Angola the Africa itself-and this is no easy task, let me tell you. We have to be subversive elements in that country who are themselves trying to exceedingly careful with what we say and how we publicize our overthrow the government. In Mozambique, ever since the bitter war efforts-if we publicize them at all-because of the impact on against the Portuguese colonial regime the Mozambican government individuals. But nothing could be more important than the Inter­ has had to carry on a war against subversive elements supported national Defense and Aid Fund. It is of absolutely vital concern, as you wholly by South Africa. Today Mozambique has been beaten to the would know if you saw some of the letters we receive from the ground economically and the involvement of South Africa is clear and families of those imprisoned-and tortured, incidentally. If you know unmistakable and relentless. In Zimbabwe I had an hour with Prime the impact it can have, I am sure you will support the International Minister Mugabe and he described to me in great detail and· in Defense and Aid Fund with all the generosity you can, and try to stress confidence the ways in which South Africa has been supporting to other people the necessity for it. subversive elements in the Matabeleland region of his own country, to the extent of destroying one third of his Air Force. And so it has gone on. NAMIBIA'S FUTURE continued from page 1 Today of course the key area is Namibia. Namibia has been illegally the monitoring of SWAPO bases in neighboring countri~-which are occupied by South Africa since World War I. It is a country of not really part of Resolution 435. So SWAPO has said publicly that it is immense mineral resources of immense value, particularly for those time now for SWAPO and South Africa to sit together in a meeting countries who are interested in nuclear power. South Africa was once arranged by the Secretary General to discuss a ceasefire and dates for the implementation of the plan. The agreements between South Africa and Angola with regard to "I cannot understand how any intelligent disengagement and the establishment of a joint monitoring and reasonable person can trust South commission to oversee the withdrawal of South African forces from Africa." Angola really do not address either a ceasefire in Namibia or the implementation of 435. They relate exclusively at this stage to the situation in Angola: that of permanent occupation of parts of Angolan told by a unanimous resolution of the Security Council of the United territory during the past two years by South African forces. We Nations, where East and West were unanimous, that it was in illegal support Angola's demand that South Africa must get out of Angola. occupation of the country and must clear out. It has totally ignored We actually would have liked to see Angola, the United Nations, the that resolution. The International Court at The Hague has supported African countries and indeed the whole world insisting that South that resolution, therefore South Africa's occupation of Namibia is in Africa must withdraw its forces immediately and unconditionally. total defiance of international law. And its condition for withdrawal However, the South Africans have manipulated the situation in such a from Namibia is that Cuban forces in Angola must be withdrawn. That way, by a combination of military pressure against Angola and by is the condition on which South Africa will consider withdrawing its supporting the UNITA bandits, to create problems for Angola and own massive armed forces, which for years have been carrying out thereby try to force Angola to capitulate on its solidarity with brutal repression against the local population. SWAPO and its commitment to the cause of liberation in Namibia. For five years the Contact Group of Western nations-the United Unfortunately also, you still have the problem of the Reagan States, West Germany, Britain, France, Canada-has said it would be Administration insisting on the withdrawal of Cuban troops from able to achieve independence for Namibia on the basis of Resolution Angola as a condition to the implementation of the UN plan for 435. For five years South Africa has totally ignored the activities of the Namibia. Contact Group, and yet today we are told in the Western press that UNITA is part ofthis problem ... South Africa at last is becoming "reasonable." I cannot understand how any intelligent and reasonable person can trust South Africa at Yes. During the two years the South Africans have occupied any level, in any circumstances, in any definition of trust. Why on Angolan territory they have spent much of that time strengthening earth should we, when here is a country which proclaims and carries the military infrastructure of UNITA with various kinds of military through a policy of such destructiveness against its own people? support. There are only one or two instances during the past two years Now what are we supposed to do? There are two issues which I that South African troops h?ve clashed with the national army of have tried to spell out whenever I have been to see our own govern­ Angola. Much of the time they were bringing in heavy military ment in Westminster. I have been, God knows, enough times: twice equipment.They have helped UNITA to extend its presence in within the last three months to the Foreign Office. One is the effective Angola over a very wide area. They have been dropping various use of a sanctions policy and the other is the whole issue of "disinvest­ kinds of weapons and ammunition to UNITA forces which have ment" as we call it in Great Britain. These are two ways in which a enabled UNITA to be in a position where they can put certain government which professes to abhor apartheid can effectively act if it demands to the Angolan government. One of the latest is that there wants to. And what is the alternative? The alternative which the can be no implementation of Resolution 435 until and unless the Western press is always praying may not occur is the bloodbath. MPLA government has started negotiations with them. What's the use of praying that a bloodbath may not occur if you are So we have a situation now in which the process of negotiations has prepared to do nothing at any level-economic or political -to been transformed into one in which 435 has been shelved for all prevent it? The argument is: Be patient. And I say: Who is to be continued on page 3 2 Southern Africa News Calendar February and March 1984

The following news items are based primarily on shortwave broadcasts by the South Africa-Prime Minister P.W. Botha said that in one year alone South Africa British Broadcasting Corporation(BBe), the Voice of America (VOA), and Radio South had spent $1.1 billion in Namibia. Botha said this was a lot of money since Namibia Africa (RSA). South African and British newspapers are also used. Items are intended to was not a part ofSouth Africa, and that South Africa would look to its own interests if supplement major news sources and are not exhaustive. Because radio reception is forced to make a choice. sometimes unclear, the spelling of all proper names cannot be guaranteed. Dates on items reflect date when event was reported. 3 February Items relating to political trials and detentions appear in red. South Africa-A bomb reportedly wrecked the office of the mission in the For more comprehensive news about political prisoners in Southern Africa, please Anglo-American Corporation building in Durban. A number of people were said to see our bimonthly publication Focus. have been injured.

2 February 5 February South Africa-Prime Minister Botha said the current disengagement of South Zambia-The ANC Director of Information condemned the conciliatory stand African troops in Angola was the first step toward a ceasefire in Namibia. South Africa taken by SADCC towards South Africa. He said there could be no detente with South was estimated to have over 50,000 troops in Namibia, as well as eight infantry Africa, but only struggle. The ANC also expressed annoyance at not being invited to battalions and some artillery units in Angola. The latter had entered Angola on what SADCCs conference. Both the ANC and SWAPO have previously attended SADCC the South African military called hot-pursuit cross-border raids. SWAPO claims the meetings. South Africans have used it as a pretext for invading and occupying Angolan territory

it's necessary in terms of the security of an independent Namibia, and continued from page 2 NAMIBIA'S FUTURE of course it's a question of pride and honor. It is part of our territory. intents and purposes, a concern for early independence of Namibia Why should we cede it to a foreign power and even allow ourselves to has been delayed, and instead the United States is continuing with its negotiate on a matter that ought not to be subjed to contention? irrelevant issue of linkage, saying that unless there is a resolution to the There were repo/1s zl'hen SII:-tPO founder Helman Toil'O ja Toil'O problem of Cubans in Angola there will be no implementation of 4.35. was released that other .Yamibian prisoners being held by South Afn'ca South Africa meanwhile is trying to present herself as the peacemaker pff~ssure might be released Z'elY soon thereafter. Do you see any sign that that zei// in the region in order to placate international against her and happen? to give something to the Reagan Administration to sell to the American public in this eledion year. But on the other hand South There \\'as one other comrade Africa is busy promoting puppet groups gathered around the so-called \\'ho was released with Toivo. by Multi-Party Conference which is taking place now in Namibia, to the name of Sacharia. Two others create further faits accomplis towards an internal settlement. were transferred with them from to Namibia, and Yoo have spoken before of Walvis Bay as a possible roadblock to these two have been kept in jail. independence. Now the South Africans consider WallJis Bay their own Toivo tells us that in his estimate territory, correct? there are about -' 7 or .1,8 Namibians This is no different from what all the colonial powers have sought to that he was aware of at Robben impose on the African people. From time to time they have entered Island. There are others whom we into various forms of agreements in the scramble for Africa, and as a suspect are in other jails in South result we have the outrageous, illogical and unwarranted claim which Africa. But of course the largest South Africa is making on our territory with regard to Walvis Bay. number of them are in Namibia Because of treaty agreements between South Africa, the British and .... itself, including the [00 or so the Germans, the contention is that legally Walvis Bay is an integral Namibians who were kidnapped part of South Africa. from Kassinga in [L1 78 and who are being held at Mariental military We have maintained a position that Walvis Bay has always been, is base, as well as others who are being held in various jails and detention now and will forever remain an integral part of Namibia. If after centers. concentration camps inside Namibia. They probably number independence we find that there are still South African forces or in the hundreds. Toivo was able simply to speculate on the basis of officials on our national territory, which is Walvis Bay, then we would 50llle hints that he picked up when he finally ended up in Namibia that merely interpret this as an ad of aggression and find recourse through three of them. the two who were brought with him and Sacharia to the International Court of Justice, through the United Nations or as a Namibia, and somebody else-thar these would be released, two sovereign state by inviting friends both African and external to perhaps by the end of the year and one early next year. But it's only counter this ad of aggression. Walvis Bay is economically necessary. those three that we know of. .3 7 February entering the area. Police said the operation went off smoothly, but representatives of the women's organization said villagers had been forcefully evicted and South Africa-Deals carried out by Chief Minister Patrick Mphephu have left the others placed under house arrest. Two villagers were beaten up, one sustaining an bantustan on the verge of bankruptcy. Mphephu had boughta bankrupt hotel injury. for R6 million with a secret provision that lotteries would be held there to benefit his "government." When the deal fell through the directors of the scheme sued him. South Africa-A Parliamentary report accused the SACC of favoring revolutionary Venda officials said they .had been told by Pretoria not to allow any more deals change and criticized the organization of its finances. The report charged the Council without South African authorization. with supporting disinvestment, backing opponents of the state and supporting violence, , and a campaign to get foreign powers to put pressure on Mozambique-South African reports have said the South African government. that , a senior ANC member, had been expelled from Mozambique. Slovo, a white lawyer and member of the South African 16 February Communist Party, was reportedly asked to leave South Amca-The UDF condemned the announcement ofan August 22 target date Mozambique as a step toward improving rela­ for elections to choose members for the new "Coloured" and "Indian" chambers of tions with South Africa. SouthAfrica alleged that Parliament. Coloured Labor Party leader Allan Hendrickse welcomed the Slovo had planned the ANC bombing attacks in announcement, saying a Labor Party survey showed that 74% of the Coloured South Africa in recent years. Joe Slovo population supported his party's decision to participate in the new political dispensation. 8 February 18 February South Africa-The black National Mineworkers Union has protested the mining industry's safety record, saying production was placed above safety and that white South Africa-Thousands attended the funeral of a 15-year-old black schoolgirl mineworkers were given much more safety training than blacks. Over 8000 South who died earlier this week in a clash between demonstrators and police in Atteridge­ African miners have been killed by accidents in the last ten years. ville near Pretoria. Mourners sang freedom songs and gave the ANC salute.

South Africa-A report by the SACC said that between 1960 and 1982 3 1/2 million people were made refugees in South Africa, and that millions more faced a similar 20 February fate. SACC Secretary General said people were sent to areas South Africa-The "South African Suicide Squad" distributed leaflets in they had never seen and where there was no food, and that as a result people were over the weekend claiming responsibility for bomb attacks on six City Councillors. It starving. Tutu said the report would be circulated abroad, so that those who invested warned other councillors to resign their positions by the end of February, saying 90 % in South Africa would krlow they were supporting a system as evil as that of the Nazis. of the people of Soweto had rejected the Council and that their presence on the body only helped apartheid. Police yesterday prevented a meeting of 1500 people called to United Kingdom-A meeting of British, Australian and Danish dockworkers and launch a new youth congress. The President of the Release Mandela Committee in seamen said they had compiled a list of ccmpanies that had ignored UN embargoes , accused Allan Hendrickse of the Coloured Labor Party of conniving on the sale of oil and weapons to South Africa. Those listed would be given a chance to with the police to break up the meeting. desist orelse risk worldwide protest action. The Secretary General of the British U~ion of Seamen said the government had failed to properly enforce the embargo, and it was Lesotho-Eleven alleged LLA members accused of attempting to overthrow the up to the international trade union movement to take the initiative. Lesotho government were acquitted by the Supreme Court. Another woman had her charges dropped two weeks ago. A twelfth male defendant who turned state's witness said the defendants were LLA members trained in South Africa's QwaQwa bantustan. 9 February South Africa-Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha announced an agreement by South Africa and Mozambique to sign a security accord. A communique said talks between Namibia-The recent invitation to Namibia's Multi-Party Conference to meet with delegations from the two countries had underlined the principles ofstability, progress, US Assistant Secretary of State Chester Crocker and South African Prime Minister peace and good neighborliness. The South African delegation led by Botha also P.W. Botha was being seen as a US nod to the Conference. P.W. Botha has given the included Defense Minister Magnus Malan, Law and Order Minister Louis LeGrange, Conference until 15 March to come up with the constitutional proposals that it wants and the heads of the South African secret service, military intelligence and police for Namibia. force. The MNR said the loss of its South African support was of no consequence South Africa-TheSupreme Court in Pretoria ruled that the government was within because it had arms stockpiled for ten years. its rights in demanding the removal of 3000 residents of the village of Mogopa to the bantustan. The residents were expelled to allow mine companies to operate in the area. TRIALS AND DETENTIONS ARE CONTINUING! 10 February Over the years lOAF has paid for the legal defense of South Africa-Minister of Law and Order Louis LeGrange told Parliament that more than 10,000 prisoners accused of political "crimes," at shot and killed 211 people during 1983. a cost 0f over nine million dollars. It has also provided humanitarian aid for the families of tens of thousands of 14 February political detainees. United Nations-The UN Human Rights Commission called on Malawi's President Please help us in this work by mailing a contribution to Hastings Banda to grant c1pmenc)' to Orton and Vera Chirwa, two opposition figures lOAF, P.O. Box 17, Cambridge, MA 02238. All contribu­ who were tried by a traditional court and sentenced to death. The Chirwas recently tions are tax-deductible. lost an appeal against their death sentence. South Africa-A 15-year-old girl was killed and seven other students hospitalized after police clashed with high school students at the black township of Atteridgeville 21 February near Pretoria. Police called in to break up a demonstration said they had fired tear gas after being attacked with stones. Unofficial reports said the girl was hit by a police South Africa-A top South African policeman was sentenced to ten years in prison vehicle and killed. Up to 6000 students in the Pretoria area have been boycotting for killing a black prisoner in Soweto. This was believed to be the first time a white school to protest, among other things, what they see as excessive corporal South African policeman had been convicted of killing a black detainee. Police had punishment. claimed the detainee seized the policeman's gun and shot himself. The judge said the prosecution had failed to prove that the policeman intended to kill the prisoner, and South Africa-Film director Sir Richard Attenborough accused the South African that the gun could have gone off accidentally. The victim's family has filed suit against Broadcasting Corporation of trying to discredit him during his recent visit to South the Minister of Police for$50,OOO and prosecutors appealed the court's failure to hand Africa. 1V and radio reports had said that Attenborough had come to make a film down a verdict of first-degree murder. about violence by black nationalists, in which the central figure would be Steve . Attenborough said he would not make such a film, for to do so would be to make a 22 February film about despair while he wanted instead to make a film about hope. Angola-Interior Minister Alexandre Rodrigues said a symbolic team of three or four Americans could be allowed into Angola to monitor the disengagement of forces between South Africa and Angola. He said Angola would attempt to stop the 15 February infiltration of SWAPO forces into Namibia, while South Africa would immediately South Amca-Newsmen reported seeing about 30 government vehicles entering cease support for UNITA. Rodrigues also said South Africa must begin implementing the township of Mogopa to evict its residents, although the press was banned from UN Resolution 435 on Namibian independence, and that if South Africa did not 4 respect the accord the whole deal would fall through and SWAPO would be free to 29 February move as it wished. He said the Cuban presence in Angola had not been discussed and UN Human Rights Commission sent a resolution to the IMF the question of linking that issue to independence was not brought up by eitherSouth United Nations-The recommending that no further loans be granted to South Africa because of its Africa or the US. apartheid policies. Namibia-Namibian political prisoner Herman Toivo ja 23 February Toivo and four other SWAPO members were transferred South Africa-Eleven South Africans pleaded guilty in Supreme Court from a prison in johannesburg to Namibia, after which TDivo to charges of conspiring to further the aims of the outlawed ANC and South African and one SWAPO member were released without explana­ Congress Party. There were reportedly a number of other charges including some tion. Toivo had been serving a 20-year prison sentence on alleged firebombings. The defense has asked for access to statements made by two of Robben Island. A founder of SWAPO in 1959, Toivo was the accused while they were in detention. sentenced to prison in 1968 on charges of terrorism. In what was seen a, a strategic move, the Multi·Party Conference of Angola-UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi said UNITA would not cooperate in the Namibia's "internal parties" last week said they would; ceasefire process in any part of Angola where it had forces. negotiate for the release of Toivo and other political prison· Namibia-Five US personnel described as technical, communications and admini­ ers. A BBC reporter said Pretoria regarded Toivo as a more strative staff arrived in Windhoek to establish a "liaison office" to help monitor the politically acceptable SWAPO leader than Sam Nujoma. disengagement of South African troops in Angola. Namibia-SWAPO has applied for permission to hold its first political rally in more than three years. 1 March USA-A government official reportedly said that the Angolans had agreed to a South Africa-Police detained Alun Roberts, a British writer, under legislation phased evacuation of Cuban troops synchronized with the evacuation of South allowing for long periods of detention without trial. At the time of his arrest, he was African troops, which would fulfill the US requirement for establishing diplomatic alleged to have had documents concerning the Rossing mine operated by the British relations with Angola. The Administration's proposed budget for 1985 provides for firm Rio Tinto Zinc on his person. Roberts' book which gives details funds to open US embassies both in Luanda and in Windhoek. The Rossing File on the company's mines has been banned in Namibia and South Africa. [On 23 March, Roberts was released from detention and deported.] 24 February Zambia-SWAPO's Information Secretary categorically denied South African 2 March claims that SWAPO forces were moving south from Angola into Namibia, saying Namibia-Following his release from prison, SWAPO founder Herman Toivo ja South Africa was attempting to drive a wedge between SWAPO and Angola. He said Toivo said he remained a staunch SWAPO member and that he did not intend to SWAPO had no interest in seeing South Africa prolong its occupation of Angola or challenge Sam Nujoma for the leadership of SWAPo. He said he had not wanted to be the armed conflict in Namibia, and that it was respecting the accord between South released before his fellow detainees and that he was suspicious of the reasons for his Africa and Angola. Meanwhile SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma urged South Africa to release. He and four other SWAPO members had been flown in leg irons from South negotiate a ceasefire with SWAPO and to begin implementing the UN plan for Africa to Namibia. Speaking of the disengagement of South African troops in Angola, Namibian independence. Nujoma said he was now optimistic that independence he said it was not an honest attempt to implement UN Resolution ·135, and had more might be only weeks or months away. He urged the US to press South Africa to hold to do with the US need for a foreign policy coup. elections in Namibia and said SWAPO could accept either proportional representa· tion or representation based on constituencies. 3 March 25 February South Africa-A book published by the Dutch Reformed Church and professors at the University ofStellenbosch called for the repeal of laws banning marriage between South Africa-, a leader of the UDF and the wife of imprisoned the races, including the Mixed Marriage and Immorality Acts. The book said these ANC leader Walter Sisulu, was sentenced to two years in prison for furthering the laws were contrary to civiliz,ed Christian standards and were motivated only by racial aims of the ANC. A 22-year-old schoolteacher was also sentenced to five years on prejudice. Coloured and Indian leaders have made the repeal of these laws a test of similar charges. The two were accused of distributing pamphlets at a funeral in Soweto whether the government is serious about reform. last year, which both denied. South Africa-The BBC reported that in the last seven years around 220 ANC attacks had been reported in South Africa, with 50 people killed and L3 billion worth 5 March of damage caused. Over the same period 45 ANC members were killed and well over a hundred arrested. Namibia-A report by six Anglican churchmen who visited Namibia last October said SWAPO had overwhelming support in the territory. The delegation. which Angola-The Angolan news agency said Angola could not be held responsible for included members from japan, the US. Africa and Britain spent two weeks in Namibia the infiltration of SWAPO into Namibia from southern Angola because the area was talking to a wide cross-section of the population. The churchmen said South Africa's under South African control. occupation was resulting in destruction of property, intimidation, restriction of move­ Lesotho-South African Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha and Lesotho Foreign Minister ment. the spreading of distrust through informants, divisions in family life, and cases Evaristus Sekhonyana met in johannesburg to discuss various matters, including of abduction, torture and beatings. They said the people fear the South African army security. A Lesotho government spokesperson denied that the two Foreign Ministers more than they fear SWAPO, and called on the church to use its intluence worldwide discussed the signing of a nonaggression pact. to support UN Resolution ".'5. Zimbabu'e-Authorities said they had found mass graves containing the bodies of at least ..000 guerrillas killed during the war for independence, as well as those of 27 February young people who had helped the guerrillas. Black prisoners who had helped dig the South Africa-The Indian community of C1arewood near Durban, inhabited by graves reportedly said the site had served as a dumping ground for bodies of guerrillas Indians for more than 100 years, was under threat of resettlement by the South killed by the Rhodesian army. A former memberof the white Rhodesian army said an African government. A spokesperson for the community said nobody there wanted army camp near the graves had been a headquarters for officers who interrogated to move and that the Indians in Durban had been pushed around enough. guerrillas. Former Rho..-Iesian Prime Minister Ian Smith said the revelation of the graves South Africa-The Minister of Community Development said the recent govern­ had been made at this time to divert attention from disturbances and repression in ment offer to open up business in the central cities to businessmen of all races did not Matabeleland. apply to Africans, only to Coloureds and Indians. Most white businessmen have applauded the move, while African businessmen have denounced it as blatant discrimination. The black Western Cape Traders Association said the offer was to hell' 6 March white capitalists corner the black market in black areas. The Indian Congress said South Africa-KwaZulu bantustan authorities blamed Pretoria for a shortage of the move was a ploy to get Indians and Coloureds to support the new Constitution. funds which has meant that pensioners-many in dire straits-have not been paid for two years. The Black Sash women's organization blamed the kwaZulu authorities, saying that when they accepted self-government they also accepted responsibility for 28 February such payments. The number of pensioners in kwaZulu is 60,000. South Africa-Four members of the unregistered black tr.lde union SAAWU were South Africa-The chair of the parastatal arms corporation Armscor said there was shot and wounded by Ciskei bantustan police as they returned from.lmeeting called keen interest in South African missiles and telecommunications equipmentatan arms to protest the banning of SAAWU in til(' Ciskci. show held inSantiago,Chile. HesaidSouthAfrica had been well received in Chile, and 5 its presence had not been questioned. South Africa displayed a 20-mm cannon capable 12 March of firing 700 rounds a minute, and an air-ta-air missile that could be aimed merely by a pilot looking at his target. Tanzania-President said he understood the circumstances that led Mozambique to open dialogue South AtTica-South Africa was to float a$35 million bond in Europe soon, marking with South Africa. He was quoted as saying that he trusted its entry into the European currency market. Mozambique in its dealings with South Africa. Nyerere • Namibia-SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma reaffirmed SWAPO's willingness to sign a said that the South African government was the biggest ceasefire as soon as South Africa began the process leading to independence, but he enemy of Africa because of its discrimination against. said South Africa had yet to prove its sincerity. Speaking on the relations with South blacks, and would remain the enemy until domestic re­ Africa of a future independent Namibia, Nujoma said that while SouthAfrica's people forms were carried out. were entitled to fight for their rights, SWAPO would not fight in South Africa. South Africa-Police said they were fired on by the Ethiopia-Foreign Ministers of the OAU rejected a resolution calling for full support occupants of a car they tried to stop, which was suspected of negotiations between South Africa and Mozambique, and South Africa and to be carryingANC members responsible for an attack on a Angola, but passed a weaker resolution expressing sympathy and understanding for fuel depot in the eastern . It was believed they the negotiations. The Ministers condemned South Africa and accused the US of next intended to blow up a rail line in johannesburg. Police Julius Nyerere forming an "unholy alliance" with the apartheid regime. fire slightly injured one of the men and reinforcements Namibia- of the Anglican, Lutheran and Catholic churches i.l Namibia including helicopters and spotter planes were called in and roadblocks set up. The car have called for the release of nearly 40 SWAPO members who had been held since the was eventually located and forced off the road, but the occupants escaped into a maize South African raid on the Kassinga lcfugee camp in Angola in May 1978. field. A cache of mines was found among other weapons in the car. Namibia-SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma rejected a call by South African Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha for a conference aimed at resolving the problems of the area. 8 March Nujoma said he was willing to talk toSouth Africa, butsaid South Africa was trying to link this to talks with UNITA. He said Angola was a sovereign state capable of dealing South Africa-A new law in the Bophuthatswana bantustan has banned all inde­ with the question of the UNITA bandits. The Angolan Foreign Minister meanwhile pendent industrial trade unions there. All black workers will be required to join unions said :he process of Namibian independence could only go ahead under UN auspices created by the bantustan authorities. However, Bophuthatswana is allowing the all­ and that Angola rejected any talks with UNITA. white South African Mineworkers Union to retain its membership in the region and will even allow it to negotiate pay increases. The new law was expected to cause 13 March unrest. Earlier union laws announced in january caused 500 black miners in the USA -A Washington Post article said Cuba was considering withdrawing its troops bantustan to down their tools. from Angola.! t quoted CubanVice PresidentCarlos Rafael Rodriguez as saying Cuba USA-Moves were under way in New York City to divest city pension funds from had never envisaged a long presence in Angola. Rodriguez said Cuba was prepared corporations operating in SouthAfrica. The matter was also under consideration in the when appropriate and necessary to withdraw its forces, but that this would depend on state capital of Albany. Three states and the District of Columbia, as well as a number a South African pullout and an agreement on Namibian independence. Even if mili­ of other cities had already passed binding divestment legislation, and similar laws tary forces pulled out, an estimated 6000 Cuban advisers were expected to stay in were pending in some 26 states. Angola. 14 March 9 March South Africa-Reacting to the recent South Africa-Mozambique talks, Azapo said South Africa-Father Smangaliso Mkhatshwa, who had been held for almost six the Front-Line States had to ensure that negotiations with the South African govern­ months by Ciskei bantustan authorities, was released from detention. Mkhatshwa, the ment did not place the interests of the liberation struggle in jeopardy. The UDF said General Secretary of the South African Catholic Bishops Conference, was arrested South African blacks could not fault Mozambique for taking the correct decision to after addressing a student group at Fort Hare University. reestablish her economy. The UDF said it believed that Mozambique had decided to talk to South Africa and take one step backward in order for South Africa to take two Zambia-Former political prisoner Herman Toivo ja Toivo met SWAPO leader steps forward into the future. Sam Nujoma in Lusaka, for the first time since the 1950s. Toivo expressed full support for the continuing struggle against South Africa and said he would accept any position South Africa-South Africa's first commercial nuclear power plant at Koeberg, 30 SWAPO offered him if it would enhance Namibia's progress towards independence. miles north of Cape Town, began operation nearly a year after it was sabotaged by the ANe. The plant was expected to be fully operational injuly. Togetherwitha second South Africa - Authoritiesdropped charges against Allister reactor to be added later, it would provide about 10% of South Africa's electricity. Sparks, a former editor of the Rand Daily Mail who writes for Secrecy has surrounded the source of the enriched uranium used in the plant. The US papers in the US, UK and the Netherlands. Sparks had been stopped its supply as a result of South Africa's refusal to sign the Nuclear Non­ charged under internal security laws for quoting Win­ Proliferation Treaty and open its facilities to international inspection. This refusal gave nie Mandela, the banned wife of ANC leader Nelson Man­ rise to suspicion that South Africa had acquired a nuclear bomb. dela, in an article. It was only the second time an attempt had South Afnca-South Africa, Mozambique and ended their latest round of been made to use South Africa's press laws against a foreign talks in Cape Town on Mozambique's Cabora Bassa power project. A joint correspondent. Sparks was also accused of reporting an accu­ statement said the delegations had reached an understanding on the main points and sation against the South African police without asking the would now report back to their governments. The issues discussed included an police to confirm it. Charges of obstructing justice brought increase in the price of electricity to South Africa. South African Foreign Minister against journalist Bernard Simon and Sparks' wife Sue were Allister Sparks "Pik" Botha said the idea of a joint South African-Mozambican security force to also dropped. protect Cabora Bassa was under serious consideration. 10 March 15 March Mozambique-The Mozambican government said it feared that thousands of people South Africa-Thembinkosi Ngcobo, an ANC member, was sentenced to 30 years may have already died of starvation in the current drought. More than 600,000 in prison in South Africa for having a bomb outside the hall where P. W. Botha had people in the provinces were threatened with starvation, although it was impossible to been giving a speech. Ngcobosaid he had decided not to detonate the bomb because it establish exact figures. Rivers had dried up, seed for crops had been eaten, and people would cause heavy casualties. Explosives experts said the bomb would have killed were surviving by eating leaves from trees. Attempts to provide aid had been scores of people. hindered by transport problems and rebel attacks. 16 March South Africa-Minister of Law and Order Louis LeCrange said guerrillas had killed 48 people in South Africa in more than 200 incidents over the past eight years. During South Africa-Prime Minister P.W. Botha this time] 72 insurgents had been killed or captured. LeCrange warned South Africa's and Mozambican President Samora Machel neighbors against supporting anti-South African rebels. signed a nonaggression pact on the banks of the Nkomati River after saluting and shaking hands on a platform straddling their common border. Under the accord Mozambique has 11 March agreed to prevent any ANC military infra­ South Africa-Imprisoned ANC leader Nelson Mandela rejected a deal proposed by structure within its borders, while South leader which would free him from prison provided he Africa is pledged to end its support of the hved in the Transkei bantustan. [n a statement issued through his lawyer Mandela said MNR. Meanwhile the ANC released a state- he refused to discuss any conditions for his release and would defy any order that ment reminding the Front-Line States of their Samora MacheI confined him to a tribal area. Mandela has served 2] years of a life sentence imposed commitments to it, and recalling a meeting two years ago when it was agreed they after he was convicted of sabotage. would increase their military and diplomatic support for the ANC guerrillas. 6 - 17 March 23 March South Africa-Foreign Minister "Pik" 80tha said South Africa would be willing to Namibia-Over 1000 people were reportedly rounded up by security forces in attend a summit on Southern African issues, proposed by Zambian President northern , taken to an open field neara military base and questioned as to Kenneth Kaunda, who had offered to host the summit. Botha said such a meeting what party they would vote for in the event of general elections. The answers were could lay the basis for a resolution of the Namibian and Angolan problems, and that written down and photos taken. Women and children were made to stand in the rain Zambia might also host a meeting between SWAPO and Namibia's "internal parties." while the "polling" was done. Those rounded up were asked to choose between Herman Toivo ja Toivo of SWAPO, Andreas Shipanga of SWAPO-D, Peter Tanzania-A Tanzanian spokesperson said President Julius Nyerere had met with Kalangula of the CDA. and the Democratic Turnhalie Alliance. SWAPO leaders Herman Toivo ja Toivo and Sam Nujoma for discussions on US policy in Southern Africa and the issue of Namibian independence. The twoSWAPO leaders had arrived from Lusaka where they held similar talks with Zambian President 25 March Kenneth Kaunda. In Windhoek a SWAPO spokesperson said Toivo had been appointed to SWAPO's politburo. Cuba-Cuba and Mozambique signed an economic, technical. and scientific co­ operation agreement in Havana. The agreement covered a number of areas including health care, education, fishing and the shipping industry. Mozambique-Heavily armed police and troops raided more than 24 homes of ANC 20 March members in , detaining at least four people and seizing weapons. Radio Maputo reported that Mozambican authorities had started applying measures South Amca-South Africa threatened to stop supplying Britain and the US with throughout the country to guarantee the strict application of the intelligence about the movements of Russian warships around its coast. The South which provides for peaceful coexistence with South Africa. One of the houses raided Africans said the reason was the Western arms embargo against South Africa, which belonged to Joe Siovo, a major ANC figure who, according to earlier unconfirmed had prevented the purchase of spare parts for planes used to monitor the Soviet fleet. reports, had been expelled from Mozambique. South Africa-A PFP official accused the government of funnelling large sums of money into the Coloured Labor Party through an undercover organization. He said a public relations firm had approached scores ofAfrikaner businessmen to get donations 26 March aimed at helping the Labor Party win seats in the coming elections for a Coloured chamber of Parliament. Most of the directors of the organization were Broederbond Angola-South Africa was lagging behind its original four·week schedule for a members. complete withdrawal of troops from southern Angola. Japan-Mozambican Foreign Minister Joachim Chisano on his visit to Tokyo said Mozambique-The first meeting of the South African·Mozambican security com­ the Mozambican pact with South Africa would not necessarily lead to formal mission was described as frank und constructive. South African police said they were diplomatic ties, and that the policy of apartheid ruled this out. However, agreements not involved in searches for ANC members in Mozambique, but said they would not on trade, tourism and economic cooperation were possible. Mozambique and Japan hesitate to act against anyone in South Africa who threatened the security agreement. have agreed to expand their political and economic relations. Japanese aid to Meanwhile an ANC delegation led by President OliverTambo and Secretary General Mozambique in 1983 amounted to about $30 million. Alfred Nzo held talks with Tanzanian President Julius yerere on the situation in Southern Africa. Nyerere said in a statement that he reaffirmed Tanzania's commit­ ment to supporting the struggle in South Africa led by ANC forces. The ANC said it was assessing the extent to which its guerrillas could now operate in Mozambique but 21 March that it had been asured that its members would not be expelled.if they did not launch raids from Mozambique. South Africa-Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha objected to the language of a joint Angolan-Cuban communique that voiced support for guerrillas fighting South 27 March Africa and referred to the "disgraceful apartheid regime" of South Africa. It also Angola-UNITA claimed to have attacked and captured the key port of proposed the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola on the condition that South Sumbe-previously known as Novo Redondo-in southwestern Angola. UNITA Africa withdrew its forces from Angola and supported UN Resolution 435 on claimed the city's infrastructure was destroyed and that 500 Angolan soldiers and 86 Namibian independence. Pretoria has asked for urgent clarification of the civilians including Soviet. Cuban. Italian and Bulgarian nationals were killed. How· communique. US Secretary of State George Shultz yesterday welcomed the Cuban· ever, the Angolan news agerfcy said the attack had been repulsed with only eight Angolan proposal as a step toward bringing peace to Southern Africa. civilian deaths and 40 wounded, but many UNITA casualties. USA-The New York Times reported that the nonaggression pact between South Namibia-The Damara Council announced it was quitting the Multi·Party Africa and Mozambique had left some South African blacks feeling angry and Conference of Namibia's "internal parties." saying this was because the MPC was frustrated. They were angry about the South African government's willingness to talk developing into an anti-SWAPO front and wanted to draw up a Constitution for with black revolutionaries in neighboring countries but not with the equivalent Namibia contrary to the letter and spirit of UN Resolution ,1.'>5. The Damara Council figures inside South Africa. Some blacks in Soweto reportedly felt betrayed by and was probably the largest single political grouping in the MPC. so its defection was a disappointed in Samora Machel, long regarded by South African blacks as a national severe blow to the MPC's credibility. The Damara Council and SWAPO have held idol. talks in Botswana and Zambia and were thought to be considering an election alliance.

South Amca-Services commemorating the massacre of 69 peaceful black pro· 28 March testors at Sharpeville on March 21, 1960 were planned for various parts of the South Africa-The South African Director of Water Affairs said a new accord country. A rally was also scheduled for , England. In the US a group called between South Africa and three of its neighbors on water use and development was Artists and Athletes against Apartheid held a month-long commemoration of Sharpe· in the offing. A draft accord had been drawn up between South Africa. Mozambique, ville. The Artists and Athletes' group taped radio announcements featuring Harry Zimbabwe and Botswana, aimed at using the water of the Limpopo for the benefit Belafonte, Arthur Ashe, Tony Randall, Kareem Abdul·Jabbar, Rita Moreno, Art of all. Blakey and Sidney Poi tier. Most of the Sharpeville protesters were shot in the back after gathering to protest South African . Angola-UNITA said the Cuban troops would not leave Angola until the MPLA formed a government of national unity with UNITA. and that in the meantime the independence of Namibia would be delayed. Meanwhile the Angolan Deputy Foreign Minister reaffirmed that Angola would abide by the Lusaka accord with South Africa. Hesaid Angola regretted the fact that attention had not been paid to the 22 March most important part of the Angolan-Cuban communique. namely that Cuban troops South Africa-After meeting in Cape Town, delegations (,f high·levelmilit,lly ,1I1d would be gradually withdrawn from Angola under certain conditions. police officers from Botswana and South Africa, led by thc hv(' wuntrics' Foreign South Africa-Finance Minister Owen Horwood said South Africa would increase Ministers, said they had formulated a proposal on mutual its military spending by more than 2 I '~', allocating more than $3 billion for defense. security to be submitted to their governments. South African Spending on black education was to rise by 24 '~'. Horwood said economic conditions diplomats refused to divulge the contents of the proP(lS.ll. in South Africa were worse than at any time since the Depression of the 1920s. Botswana had been more critical of Mozambiquc's Nkomati Lesotho-Lesotho's Information Minister said Lesotho had received details of talks accord on security than the other Front·Linc States. between South African Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha and a delegation of the newly South Africa-Criticizing Mozambiquc's security agrec· fonned Lesotho Democratic Alliance. Botha told the LDA delegation that South ment with South Africa, UDF leader Allan Boesak called it Africa would intervene directly in the coming elections if the Alliance failed to "peace out of the barrel of a gun." Zulu chief Gatsha Buthelezi challenge the government by peaceful means. Botha warned that South African said it showed evidence of change but that it was the ad (,f an military intervention would create a power vacuum, and this vacuum would have to impoverished country which had becn b'lttered into ,111 atti- Allan Boesak be filled. South Africa was apparently concerned that embassies of Communist tude of compliance. countries recently set up might be used as bases by the ANC. 7 29 March South Africa-Astate ofemergency was declared in parts of theTranskei bantustan Acronyms and Abbreviations to quell a local rebellion against Chief Minister Kaiser Matanzima. The area had been ANC-African National Congress ~aled off by heavily armed police and troops and over 200 people werearrested. The AWB-Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or Afrikaner Resistance Movement. a group of radical right-wing rebellion broke out when residents protested the imposition of an unpopular chief, extremists. and they proceeded to condemn the autocratic rule ofMatanzima. A spokesperson for Azapo--Azanian People's Organization the Transkei Council of Churches said the area had been cut off from all outside 8CM-Black Consciousness Movement contact and he did not know if food supplies were getting through. BCP-Basutoland Congress Party Broederbond-a politically powerful secret society of right-wing Afrikaners wnstitutional proposals-plans for a new South African Constitution which would create an Executive Presi­ dent with extensive powers and also establish two chambers of Parliament for Coloureds and Asians. Contact Croup-the Western mediating group on Namibian independence, made up of the US, France, UK, 30 March West Germany and Canada USA-Secretary of State George Shultz asked chief executives of US companies UTA -Democratic Turnhalle Alliance doing business in South Africa for their support in heading off Congressional attempts tEe-European Economic Community to cut economic relations with South Africa. He warned the businessmen that their FLS-Front·Line States: Angola. Botswana. Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe pressure for constructive change in South Africa must be perceived by Americans to roSA TU-Federation of South African Trade Unions Frelimo-Mozambique Liberation Front. the ruling party be a reality. HNP-Herstigte Nasionale Party, an extreme right-wing Lesotho-The South African government dismissed charges by Lesotho's Prime lMF-International Monetary Fund Minister Leabua Jonathan that it was plotting to overthrow him. However, South UA-Lesotho Liberation Army. the military wing of the exiled BCP African Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha said Jonathan could not object to South Africa f\/NR-Mozambique National Resistance giving assistance to opposition parties in Lesotho, since Jonathan himself received MPLA -Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, the ruling party South African aid in retaining power after losing the last election 14 years ago. ft1J.1!ASA-Media Workers Association of South Africa, a black trade union N1S-Nationallntelligence Service [South Africa] United Kingdom-TheOAU has expressed great concern over the decision ofBritish OAU-Organization of African Unity rugby authorities to go ahead with a tour of South Africa. The British Minister of PA C- Pan-Africanist Congress Sports also deplored the tour. The tour could disrupt the next Commonwealth Games PFP-Progressive Federal Party, the official South African opposition party and threaten Britain's presence at the Summer Olympics at Los Angeles. Archbishop S4A WU-South African Allied Workers Union Trevor Huddleston, the head of the British Anti·Apartheid Movement, asked Prime S4CC-South African Council of Churches S4DCC-Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference MinisterThatcher to intervene to stop the tour, as Francois Mitterand did in France last S4DF-South African Defense Force year in a similar situation. SWAPO-South West Africa People's Organization Swaziland-Swazi authorities arrested seven ANC members as they were trying to UNITA -National Union for the Total Independence of Angola cross intoSwaziland from Mozambique while carrying guns and explosives. TheANC UN Resolution 435-.1 Security Council resolution calling for a ceasefire in Namibia and the withdrawal of South African troops. The UN Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG), which would include UN peace­ members were stopped by soldiers at roadblocks near a border post. MeanwhileSouth keeping troops. would be stationed in Namibia in preparation for elections to be held under UN supervision. Africa disclosed that on February 17,1982 it had signed an accord with Swaziland UVTAC-UN Transition Assistance Group. a group proposed by UN Resolution 435 which would be similar to the one signed with Mozambique last week. In a joint Swazi-South African stationed in Namibia during a seven-month period to precede independence. statement. the Foreign Ministers of the two countries said they had decided to make Z4NU-Zimbabwe African National Union. the ruling party Z4PU-Zimbabwe African People's Union the accord public. The two sides had pledged to combat terrorism, insurgency and Zipra-Zimhabwe People's Revolutionary Army. the military wing of ZAPU subversion and not to allow the use of their territories for attacks against the other country. One South African rand (R 1.00l equals arproximately 80c

JDAF lliews Sotes is published bimonthly by the United States Committee of the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, P.o. Box 17, Cambridge, lOAF has three objectives: Massachusetts 02138. President: Peter j. Gomes, Vice President: Mia Adjali, Women's Committee Chair: Nancy Randolph, Executive Director: Kenneth N. Carstens. (1) to aid, defend and rehabilitate the victims of unjust legislation and oppressive and arbitrary procedures, lIkws Notes Editor: Geoffrey Wisner (2) to support their families and dependents, Contributors for this Issue: Kenneth Carstens, Geoffrey Wisner (3) to keep the conscience of the world alive to the issues at stake. Photos:- Episcopal Times. Mozambique Information Agency, Sechaba. Star Ahmail Weekly, United Nations.

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