DOCSLIB.ORG

"The Coming Man from Canton": Chinese Experience in Montana (1862-1943)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2010 "The Coming Man From Canton": Chinese Experience in Montana (1862-1943) Christopher William Merritt The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Merritt, Christopher William, ""The Coming Man From Canton": Chinese Experience in Montana (1862-1943)" (2010). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE COMING MAN FROM CANTON” CHINESE EXPRERIENCE IN MONTANA (1862-1943) By CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM MERRITT Master’s of Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 2006 Bachelor’s of Arts, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 2004 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2010 Approved by: Perry Brown, Associate Provost for Graduate Education Graduate School Dr. Kelly J. Dixon, Committee Chair Department of Anthropology Dr. John Douglas Department of Anthropology Dr. Richard Sattler Department of Anthropology Dr. Philip West The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center Dr. Ellen Baumler Montana Historical Society Merritt, Christopher, Ph.D., May 2010 Cultural Heritage The Coming Man from Canton: Chinese Experience in Montana (1862-1943) Chairperson: Dr. Kelly J. Dixon Abstract Content: The Chinese immigrants who came to Montana during the 19th and 20th centuries forged a new community. The goals of this dissertation were to create a historical and archaeological context for Chinese Experience in Montana, and to frame the interpretation of these results within a social organization framework that highlights the role of Overseas Chinese voluntary organizations such as secret societies. Archaeologists and historians have studied the Chinese in Montana for a little over two decades, though nothing comprehensive has ever been attempted to sew together the various investigations. In addition, there has been no attempt to inventory all the known Chinese archaeological sites in Montana, and how these fit into the broad patterns of history. Between first large-scale gold discovery in Montana Territory during 1862 until 1900, the Chinese engaged largely in placer-mining endeavors and represented the largest ethnic group during this period. Federal Exclusion laws, statewide boycotts, and pervasive racism deeply affected the Chinese experience in Montana, and led to the state’s abandonment by the bulk of this immigrant population in the early 20th century. In overseas communities, the Chinese immigrants relied on voluntary associations to replace the traditional modes of social organization found in China. These organizations provided mutual protection to their members, and helped to organize resistance to the legal and social racism encountered in the United States and other diaspora communities. This dissertation interprets the history and archaeology of the Chinese in Montana in a framework that highlights the role of voluntary social organizations in the success of this population. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are far too many individuals to thank for their assistance during the course of this dissertation research, but primarily I would like to express gratitude to my family (Luella, Don, Heather, and the late Roy), committee (Dr. Kelly J. Dixon, Dr. John Douglas, Dr. Richard Sattler, Dr. Phil West, and Dr. Ellen Baumler), and colleagues for their never-ending dedication to help me complete this project. I would also like to thank the United States Forest Service, Northern Region, for their assistance and funding that supported many of my investigations during the past four years. Specifically, retired Forest Archaeologist Milo McLeod sponsored my first attempts to uncover the Chinese on the Lolo National Forest and led to the adoption of this research project. I would also like to thank other Forest Archaeologists that allowed me to play on their managed lands over the years including Walt Allen, Tammy Cherullo, Carl Davis, Sandi French, Mark Sant and for Dr. Mike Beckes for granting the funds. Countless dozens of students and volunteers provided the back-breaking labor to make all this research happen, and without them it would have been impossible to finish all the work in just four years. Several local historical societies provided me with unrestricted access to their information and have helped this final product express a wide variety of resources, and I would like to thank Kay Strombo and Sue McLees of the Mineral County Historical Society, Esther Williams of the Granite County Historical Museum, Ken Robison of the Overholser Research Center in Fort Benton, Ellen Baumler and Zoe Ann Stoltz of the Montana Historical Society, and Gary Weisz with his open collection of railroad goodies. In the end, all errors in this document are my responsibility alone. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Overseas Chinese Archaeology 5 1.2 Dissertation Research Goals 8 1.3 Chapter Summaries 10 Chapter 2: Research Methods 16 2.1 Chapter Overview 16 2.2 Historical Research Methods Overview 16 2.2.1 Historical Newspapers 17 2.2.2 County Courthouses 20 2.2.3 Federal Census Records 24 2.2.4 Archival Documents and Records 25 2.2.5 Sanborn Fire Insurance Company Maps 27 2.2.6 Secondary Historical Resources 28 2.3 Archaeological Research Methods Overview 30 2.3.1 Recent Archaeological Research in Montana 31 2.3.2 Recent Chinese in Montana Archaeological Research 35 2.4 Omissions in Research 41 Chapter 3: Entrance and Expansion (1862-1880) 43 3.1 Chapter Overview 43 3.2 Montana pre-1862 46 3.3 Chinese Entrance 1862-1870 48 3.4 Montana Chinese Demographics in 1870 55 3.5 Chinese Population Centers and Mining Districts 62 3.5.1 Helena 63 3.5.2 Virginia City 65 3.5.3 Cedar Creek 67 3.5.4 Ninemile Creek 78 iv 3.5.5 German Gulch 79 3.5.6 Blackfoot City 88 3.5.7 Cave Gulch and Chinaman’s Cove 89 3.5.8 Last Chance, Pike’s Peak, Prickly Pear, Garnet, Old Lincoln 96 3.5.9 Yogo Town 97 3.6 Legal Attacks 98 3.7 Violence and Death in the Chinese Community 108 3.8 Chinese Women 117 3.9 Population Growth, but Legal Storms on the Horizon 128 Chapter 4: Restriction and Legal Attacks (1880-1900) 129 4.1 Chapter Overview 129 4.2 Chinese Demographics in 1880 131 4.3 Montana’s Opium Law 139 4.4 Northern Pacific Railroad 154 4.5 Exclusion and Montana’s Boycotts 176 Chapter 5: Diversification, Collapse, Aging (1900-1943) 190 5.1 Chapter Overview 190 5.2 Butte’s Chinatown Excavations 192 5.3 Diversification of the Workforce 195 5.3.1 Laundries 200 5.3.2 Restaurants 208 5.3.3 Gardens 211 5.3.4 Cooks and Servants 217 5.3.5 Other Notable Employment 221 5.4 Sun Descending Over Horizon, 1900-1943 228 5.4.1 Departure and Death 235 5.4.2 Chinese Cemeteries 241 5.4.3 Yee Sing’s Journey 246 5.5 End of Exclusion 247 v Chapter 6: Chinese Social Organization in Montana and Implications 249 6.1 Success of Overseas Chinese in Montana 249 6.2 Chinese Social Organization in Overseas Communities 252 6.3 Chinese Secret Societies in China 257 6.4 Chinese Secret Societies in North America and Montana 277 6.5 Secret Societies in the Modern World 294 6.6 Anthropological/Archaeological Implications of Secret Societies 295 Chapter 7: Conclusion and Future Directions 303 7.1 Chinese Experiences in Montana 303 7.1.1 Dissertation Goals 305 7.1.2 Results for 1862-1880 Period 308 7.1.3 Results for 1880-1900 Period 310 7.1.4 Results for 1900-1943 Period 313 7.1.5 Results for Chinese Social Organization 316 7.2 Myths of the Montana Chinese 320 7.2.1 The “Heathen Chinee” 322 7.2.2 Chinese Rock Work 324 7.2.3 Chinese Tunnels 325 7.2.4 Chinese Hearths and “Ovens” 326 7.3 Future Directions 327 7.3.1 Historical Research Recommendations 328 7.3.2 Archaeological Research Recommendations 331 7.4 Hua Kiu, The Chinese Overseas 334 References Cited 336 Appendix A: Statewide Chinese Archaeological Database 373 Appendix B: Chinese Population by Location (1870-1930) 396 Appendix C: Newspaper Extractions 400 vi FIGURE LIST 1.1 Poacher Gulch Field Crew, 2006 4 1.2 Cedar Creek Field Crew, 2008 5 1.3 Chinese Population in Montana 1868-2000 12 2.1 Unknown Chinese Man Portrait, Missoula, 1890-1900 26 2.2 Unprocessed German Gulch Chinese Artifacts, 2008 32 2.3 Overview of Poacher Gulch Terraces, 2007 35 2.4 Map of Chinese Archaeological Sites in Montana 41 3.1 Map of Chinese Areas Discussed in Chapter 3 46 3.2 Harper’s Weekly Lithograph of Helena, 1878 51 3.3 Chinese Population in Montana, 1870 54 3.4 Population Pyramid of Chinese in Montana, 1870 56 3.5 Bird’s Eye View of Helena, 1875 64 3.6 “Funs” Tray from China Gulch, 2007 71 3.7 U-shaped Rock Hearth at China Gulch, 2008 74 3.8 Map Showing Location of German Gulch, 1887 79 3.9 Selection of Processed German Gulch Artifacts, 2010 82 3.10 Overview of Locality 48 in German Gulch, 2009 84 3.11 Overview of Hydraulic Mining Scars in Chinaman's Cove, 2008 94 3.12 Aerial Photograph of Chinaman's Cove, 1980 95 3.13 Chinese Women from Deer Lodge, undated 118
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'A Mind to Copy': Inspired by Meissen
    ‘A Mind to Copy’: Inspired by Meissen Anton Gabszewicz Independent Ceramic Historian, London Figure 1. Sir Charles Hanbury Williams by John Giles Eccardt. 1746 (National Portrait Gallery, London.) 20 he association between Nicholas Sprimont, part owner of the Chelsea Porcelain Manufactory, Sir Everard Fawkener, private sec- retary to William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, the second son of King George II, and Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, diplomat and Tsometime British Envoy to the Saxon Court at Dresden was one that had far-reaching effects on the development and history of the ceramic industry in England. The well-known and oft cited letter of 9th June 1751 from Han- bury Williams (fig. 1) to his friend Henry Fox at Holland House, Kensington, where his china was stored, sets the scene. Fawkener had asked Hanbury Williams ‘…to send over models for different Pieces from hence, in order to furnish the Undertakers with good designs... But I thought it better and cheaper for the manufacturers to give them leave to take away any of my china from Holland House, and to copy what they like.’ Thus allowing Fawkener ‘… and anybody He brings with him, to see my China & to take away such pieces as they have a mind to Copy.’ The result of this exchange of correspondence and Hanbury Williams’ generous offer led to an almost instant influx of Meissen designs at Chelsea, a tremendous impetus to the nascent porcelain industry that was to influ- ence the course of events across the industry in England. Just in taking a ca- sual look through the products of most English porcelain factories during Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Heraldry Examples Booklet.Cdr
    Book Heraldry Examples By Khevron No color on color or metal on metal. Try to keep it simple. Make it easy to paint, applique’ or embroider. Blazon in layers from the deepest layer Per pale vert and sable all semy of caltrops e a talbot passant argent. c up to the surface: i v Field (color or division & colors), e Primary charge (charge or ordinary), Basic Book Heraldry d Secondary charges close to the primary, by Khevron a Tertiary charges on the primary or secondary, Device: An heraldic representation of youself. g Peripheral secondary charges (Chief,Canton,Border), Arms: A device of someone with an Award of Arms. n i Tertiary charges on the peropheral. Badge: An heraldic representation of what you own. z a Name field tinctures chief/dexter first. l Only the first word, the metal Or, B and proper nouns are capitalized. 12 2 Tinctures, Furs & Heraldic 11 Field Treatments Cross Examples By Khevron By Khevron Crosses have unique characteristics and specific names. Tinctures: Metals and Colors Chief Rule #1: No color upon another color, or metal on metal! Canton r r e e t t s i x e n - Fess - i D Or Argent Sable Azure Vert Gules Purpure S Furs Base Cross Latin Cross Cross Crosslet Maltese Potent Latin Cross Floury Counter-Vair Vair Vair in PaleVair-en-pointe Vair Ancient Ermine Celtic Cross Cross Gurgity Crosslet Fitchy Cross Moline Cross of Bottony Jerusalem A saltire vair in saltire Vair Ermines or Counter- Counter Potent Potent-en-pointe ermine Cross Quarterly in Saltire Ankh Patonce Voided Cross Barby Cross of Cerdana Erminois Field
    [Show full text]
  • Lifeways of Montana's First People
    Lifeways of Montana’s First People User Guide Provided by The Montana Historical Society Education Office (406) 444-4789 www.montanahistoricalsociety.org Funded by a Grant from the E.L. Wiegand Foundation ©2002 The Montana Historical Society Lifeways of Montana’s First People Table of Contents I. Introduction Inventory . .2 Footlocker Use—Some Advice for Instructors . .7 Evaluation Form . .8 MHS Educational Resources . .10 Primary Sources and How to Use Them . .14 Standards and Skills for Lifeways of Montana’s First People . .21 II. Background Information Historical Narrative for Fourth Grade . .23 Historical Narrative for Instructors . .27 Outline for Classroom Presentation . .31 Amazing Montanans—Biographies . .33 Vocabulary List . .41 III. Lessons Lesson 1: The Staff of Life: Buffalo (Apstani), Blackfeet . .43 Lesson 2: Kinship System and Clothing Styles, Crow . .48 Lesson 3: Horse Power, Nez Perce . .50 Lesson 4: Seasons of the People, Salish . .64 Lesson 5: A Valuable Trade, Shoshone . .75 IV. Resources and Reference Materials Worksheets and Independent Work . .82 Bibliography . .87 — 1 — Lifeways of Montana’s First People Inventory Borrower: ___________________________________________ Booking Period: ____________________ The borrower is responsible for the safe use of the footlocker and all its contents during the designated booking period. Replacement and/or repair for any lost items and/or damage (other than normal wear and tear) to the footlocker and its contents while in the borrower’s care will be charged to the borrower’s school. Please have an adult complete the footlocker inventory checklist below, both when you receive the footlocker and when you repack it for shipping, to ensure that all of the contents are intact.
    [Show full text]
  • DATE: September 27, 2011 TO: Executive
    Office of the President The University of Montana Missoula, Montana 59812-3324 Office: (406) 243-2311 FAX: (406) 243-2797 DATE: September 27, 2011 TO: Executive Committee, Council of Vice Presidents, Deans, Directors, and Chairs FROM: Royce C. Engstrom, President SUBJECT: Fiscal Year 2012 Operating Budgets I have completed my review of the operating budgets for each of the affiliated campuses of The University of Montana. The campuses have implemented budgets for FY2012 that are balanced, prudent, and consistent with the strategic goals of the Montana University System Board of Regents and with the strategic plans of each campus. While the Montana University System as a whole experienced a reduction in appropriation from the 2010- 2011 level, we were all challenged by some fixed cost and inflationary increases (most notably in technology and library resources) as well as the critical need to provide at least some modest compensation adjustments for faculty and staff. At the same time, a combination of positive factors helped us mitigate these issues. First, each of our campuses continues to experience enrollment growth. Each campus took proactive measures in the biennium just completed, not only to find operating efficiencies, but to continue and even redouble our efforts to improve enrollment and student success. These efforts are bearing fruit, as evidenced by continued resident enrollment growth on all four campuses and improved nonresident enrollment at the campuses in Missoula, Butte, and Dillon, along with—more importantly—marked improvement in student success at all four campuses. Second, the Board of Regents approved modest tuition rate increases for FY12 and FY13.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LION FLAG Norway's First National Flag Jan Henrik Munksgaard
    THE LION FLAG Norway’s First National Flag Jan Henrik Munksgaard On 27 February 1814, the Norwegian Regent Christian Frederik made a proclamation concerning the Norwegian flag, stating: The Norwegian flag shall henceforth be red, with a white cross dividing the flag into quarters. The national coat of arms, the Norwegian lion with the yellow halberd, shall be placed in the upper hoist corner. All naval and merchant vessels shall fly this flag. This was Norway’s first national flag. What was the background for this proclamation? Why should Norway have a new flag in 1814, and what are the reasons for the design and colours of this flag? The Dannebrog Was the Flag of Denmark-Norway For several hundred years, Denmark-Norway had been in a legislative union. Denmark was the leading party in this union, and Copenhagen was the administrative centre of the double monarchy. The Dannebrog had been the common flag of the whole realm since the beginning of the 16th century. The red flag with a white cross was known all over Europe, and in every shipping town the citizens were familiar with this symbol of Denmark-Norway. Two variants of The Dannebrog existed: a swallow-tailed flag, which was the king’s flag or state flag flown on government vessels and buildings, and a rectangular flag for private use on ordinary merchant ships or on private flagpoles. In addition, a number of special flags based on the Dannebrog existed. The flag was as frequently used and just as popular in Norway as in Denmark. The Napoleonic Wars Result in Political Changes in Scandinavia At the beginning of 1813, few Norwegians could imagine dissolution of the union with Denmark.
    [Show full text]
  • Mainufer the Fairground in Offenbach
    Das MDasess eMegeländessegel äindn eO ffein nbOffeachnbach Einladung EinladungInvit Invitationation ndin4 . ndina eaath eather erday dsays Einladung Invitation TheThe faThfairgroundirgroe fairgrunds inounds Offenbachin Offe in nbaOffechnbach MainuferMainuferMainufer VeranstalterVeranstalterVeranstalter OrganO rganizerizerOrganizer COUNCC OIL U N CFORCO IL UNC FORLEATHER IL LEATH FOR EXPORTS LEA ERTH EXPOER (EXPORTSSponsored R TS (Sponsored (Sponsored by Ministr by Mby inistry Ministrof of y of Vom Flughafen: From the International Airport Das MessegeländeDas Messegelände in Offen- in Offen- The fairgTheroun fairgds irnoun Ofdsfen ibnac Offh enbachVom Flughafen:Vom Flughafen: From theFrom International the International Airport AirportCo mmeC omrce m erceCommerc& Industry & Industry,e &, Industry,G ovGovt.t. ofof India),GIndiovt.a) Chennai,of, ChennaIndia), Indiai, Chennai,India India The fairground in Offenbach bach liegtbach i mliegt Zentrum im ZentrumEuropas ,Eur opasnext, to nextFrank tfourt Frank aref urtlocate ared lo cateAutobahnd Autobahn A3A3 RichtungRichtung A3 Würzburg/Richtung Würzburg/ Würzburg/ Frankfurt:Frankfurt: Frankfurt: www.leatherindia.org.w w w .leatherindia.org. www.leatherindia.org. _Lederwaren Veranstalter Organizer Deutschlands Deutschlands und der undRhein der- Rhein-nextin the to Frankfurtcenterin the o centerisf locatedEurope, of Euofro Geper-, of OffenbacherGer- Offenbacher Kreuz, dann dannKreuz, die die A661 dann A661 die HighwayHighway A661 Highway A3A3 direction A3 Würzburg/direction Würzburg/ Würzburg/
    [Show full text]
  • The Work of Comics Collaborations: Considerations of Multimodal Composition for Writing Scholarship and Pedagogy
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks CAHSS Faculty Articles Faculty Scholarship Spring 1-2015 The Work of Comics Collaborations: Considerations of Multimodal Composition for Writing Scholarship and Pedagogy Molly J. Scanlon Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_facarticles Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons NSUWorks Citation Scanlon, M. J. (2015). The Work of Comics Collaborations: Considerations of Multimodal Composition for Writing Scholarship and Pedagogy. Composition Studies, 43 (1), 105-130. Retrieved from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_facarticles/517 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in CAHSS Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 43, Number 1 Volume Spring 2015 composition STUDIES composition studies volume 43 number 1 Composition Studies C/O Parlor Press 3015 Brackenberry Drive Anderson, SC 29621 Rhetoric & Composition PhD Program PROGRAM Pioneering program honoring the rhetorical tradition through scholarly innovation, excellent job placement record, well-endowed library, state-of-the-art New Media Writing Studio, and graduate certificates in new media and women’s studies. TEACHING 1-1 teaching loads, small classes, extensive pedagogy and technology training, and administrative fellowships in writing program administration and new media. FACULTY Nationally recognized teacher-scholars in history of rhetoric, modern rhetoric, women’s rhetoric, digital rhetoric, composition studies, and writing program administration. FUNDING Generous four-year graduate instructorships, competitive stipends, travel support, and several prestigious fellowship opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Billings Area Emergency Response Action Plan
    BILLINGS AREA EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTION PLAN PHMSA Sequence Number 2988 Owner/Operator: Phillips 66 3010 Briarpark Drive Houston, Texas 77024 24-Hour Number: (800) 231-2551 or (877) 267-2290 Page A7-1 Confidentiality Notice: This document is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and contains information that is considered to be proprietary to Phillips 66. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is strictly prohibited. Billings Area Appendix 7: Response Zone Appendix ERAP Appendix 7: ERAP Table of Contents 7.1 Area Information .......................................................................................................... 1 7.1.1 Tank Table ....................................................................................................... 2 7.2 Communication Equipment ......................................................................................... 2 7.3 Notification Sequence ................................................................................................. 2 7.4 Emergency Notification Contact List ........................................................................... 5 7.5 Emergency Response Equipment, Testing & Deployment ......................................... 9 7.6 Immediate Actions ..................................................................................................... 10 7.7 Maps and Diagrams .................................................................................................. 12 7.8 Response Forms ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sino-US Relations and Ulysses S. Grant's Mediation
    Looking for a Friend: Sino-U.S. Relations and Ulysses S. Grant’s Mediation in the Ryukyu/Liuqiu 琉球 Dispute of 1879 Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Chad Michael Berry Graduate Program in East Asian Studies The Ohio State University 2014 Thesis Committee: Christopher A. Reed, Advisor Robert J. McMahon Ying Zhang Copyright by Chad Michael Berry 2014 Abstract In March 1879, Japan announced the end of the Ryukyu (Liuqiu) Kingdom and the establishment of Okinawa Prefecture in its place. For the previous 250 years, Ryukyu had been a quasi-independent tribute-sending state to Japan and China. Following the arrival of Western imperialism to East Asia in the 19th century, Japan reacted to the changing international situation by adopting Western legal standards and clarifying its borders in frontier areas such as the Ryukyu Islands. China protested Japanese actions in Ryukyu, though Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) leaders were not willing to go to war over the islands. Instead, Qing leaders such as Li Hongzhang (1823-1901) and Prince Gong (1833-1898) sought to resolve the dispute through diplomatic means, including appeals to international law, rousing global public opinion against Japan, and, most significantly, requesting the mediation of the United States and former U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885). Initially, China hoped Grant’s mediation would lead to a restoration of the previous arrangement of Ryukyu being a dually subordinate kingdom to China and Japan. In later negotiations, China sought a three-way division of the islands among China, Japan, and Ryukyu.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Legislative Limelight: Investigations by the United States Congress Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4z47565z Author Hanley, John Ignatius Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Legislative Limelight: Investigations by the United States Congress by John Ignatius Hanley A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Eric Schickler, Chair Professor Robert Van Houweling Professor Anne Joseph O’Connell Fall 2012 Legislative Limelight: Investigations by the United States Congress © 2012 By John Ignatius Hanley Abstract Legislative Limelight: Investigations by the United States Congress by John Ignatius Hanley Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Eric Schickler, Chair Academic studies have often emphasized the law-making aspects of Congress to the exclusion of examining how Congress uses its investigative power. This is despite the fact that Congress possesses great power to compel testimony and documents from public and private persons alike, and that exercises of the investigative power are among the most notable public images of Congress. While several recent studies have considered investigations in the context of relations between the executive and legislative branches, far less effort has been committed to looking at how much Congress uses coercive investigative power to gather information on non- governmental actors. I develop several new datasets to examine the historical and recent use of investigations of both governmental and non-governmental institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • MONTANA 2018 Vacation & Relocation Guide
    HelenaMONTANA 2018 Vacation & Relocation Guide We≥ve got A Publication of the Helena Area Chamber of Commerce and The Convention & Visitors Bureau this! We will search for your new home, while you spend more time at the lake. There’s a level of knowledge our Helena real estate agents offer that goes beyond what’s on the paper – it’s this insight that leaves you confident in your decision to buy or sell. Visit us at bhhsmt.com Look for our new downtown office at: 50 S Park Avenue Helena, MT 59601 406.437.9493 A member of the franchise system BHH Affiliates, LLC. Equal Housing Opportunity. An Assisted Living & Memory Care community providing a Expect more! continuum of care for our friends, family & neighbors. NOW OPEN! 406.502.1001 3207 Colonial Dr, Helena | edgewoodseniorliving.com 2005, 2007, & 2016 People’s Choice Award Winner Sysum HELENA I 406-495-1195 I SYSUMHOME.COM Construction 2018 HELENA GUIDE Contents Landmark & Attractions and Sports & Recreation Map 6 Welcome to Helena, Attractions 8 Fun & Excitement 14 Montana’s capital city. Arts & Entertainment 18 The 2018 Official Guide to Helena brings you the best ideas for enjoying the Queen City - from Shopping 22 exploring and playing to living and working. Dining Guide 24 Sports & Recreation 28 We≥ve got Day Trips 34 A Great Place to Live 38 this! A Great Place to Retire 44 Where to Stay 46 ADVERTISING Kelly Hanson EDITORIAL Cathy Burwell Mike Mergenthaler Alana Cunningham PHOTOS Convention & Visitors Bureau Montana Office of Tourism Cover Photo: Mark LaRowe MAGAZINE DESIGN Allegra Marketing 4 Welcome to the beautiful city of Helena! It is my honor and great privilege to welcome you to the capital city of Montana.
    [Show full text]
  • Parks & Recreation Board Agenda Headwaters
    PARKS & RECREATION BOARD AGENDA HEADWATERS CONFERENCE ROOM 600 Cregg Ln. Missoula, Montana July 9, 2019, 12:00 PM I. Administrative Business A Roll Call-- History Members Present: Dale Harris, Sonja Verlanic, Wendy Ninteman, John O’Connor, Johnna Eisenman Members Absent: Chris Ryan, Ross Mollenhauer Guests: Madison Doner; NBC Montana Staff Present: Donna Gaukler, Ryan Applegate, Cassy Gladwin B Approval of minutes - June 11, 2019 Meeting-- History Wendy Ninteman moved to approve the minutes. Sonja Verlanic seconded the motion. Minutes were approved as posted C Announcements-- History Montana Rail Link Park ribbon cutting ceremony is planned for Thursday, July 11, 2019 D Public/Guest comments-- none History II. Action Items A Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Requests and Prioritizations--Ryan History Applegate Ryan Applegate gave a presentation on the departments fiscal year 2020 budget requests and prioritizations. Ryan outlined the department’s mission, strategic goals, and funding priorities. The main operating budgets from fiscal year 2017 to 2019 were also reviewed. The committee made discussed the presentation and discussed the ranking of priorities. Dale Harris – how much was funded in the previous fiscal year? Ryan Applegate – around $100,000 in budget enhancement requests. Park District allow any savings to be retained which is a benefit in budgeting. Sonja Verlanic – can the department ask for a budget when taking on new maintenance of parks, boulevards, etc.? Donna Gaukler –cost to maintain is provided by department upfront; won’t receive operational funding new park/boulevard, etc. is up and running, Dale Harris – Park District increase contribution to Aquatics Ryan Applegate - contribution from Park District was included in FY2019 requests but not funded.
    [Show full text]