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THE LION FLAG Norway's First National Flag Jan Henrik Munksgaard
THE LION FLAG Norway’s First National Flag Jan Henrik Munksgaard On 27 February 1814, the Norwegian Regent Christian Frederik made a proclamation concerning the Norwegian flag, stating: The Norwegian flag shall henceforth be red, with a white cross dividing the flag into quarters. The national coat of arms, the Norwegian lion with the yellow halberd, shall be placed in the upper hoist corner. All naval and merchant vessels shall fly this flag. This was Norway’s first national flag. What was the background for this proclamation? Why should Norway have a new flag in 1814, and what are the reasons for the design and colours of this flag? The Dannebrog Was the Flag of Denmark-Norway For several hundred years, Denmark-Norway had been in a legislative union. Denmark was the leading party in this union, and Copenhagen was the administrative centre of the double monarchy. The Dannebrog had been the common flag of the whole realm since the beginning of the 16th century. The red flag with a white cross was known all over Europe, and in every shipping town the citizens were familiar with this symbol of Denmark-Norway. Two variants of The Dannebrog existed: a swallow-tailed flag, which was the king’s flag or state flag flown on government vessels and buildings, and a rectangular flag for private use on ordinary merchant ships or on private flagpoles. In addition, a number of special flags based on the Dannebrog existed. The flag was as frequently used and just as popular in Norway as in Denmark. The Napoleonic Wars Result in Political Changes in Scandinavia At the beginning of 1813, few Norwegians could imagine dissolution of the union with Denmark. -
Vexillum, June 2018, No. 2
Research and news of the North American Vexillological Association June 2018 No. Recherche et nouvelles de l’Association nord-américaine de vexillologie Juin 2018 2 INSIDE Page Editor’s Note 2 President’s Column 3 NAVA Membership Anniversaries 3 The Flag of Unity in Diversity 4 Incorporating NAVA News and Flag Research Quarterly Book Review: "A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols" 7 New Flags: 4 Reno, Nevada 8 The International Vegan Flag 9 Regional Group Report: The Flag of Unity Chesapeake Bay Flag Association 10 Vexi-News Celebrates First Anniversary 10 in Diversity Judge Carlos Moore, Mississippi Flag Activist 11 Stamp Celebrates 200th Anniversary of the Flag Act of 1818 12 Captain William Driver Award Guidelines 12 The Water The Water Protectors: Native American Nationalism, Environmentalism, and the Flags of the Dakota Access Pipeline Protectors Protests of 2016–2017 13 NAVA Grants 21 Evolutionary Vexillography in the Twenty-First Century 21 13 Help Support NAVA's Upcoming Vatican Flags Book 23 NAVA Annual Meeting Notice 24 Top: The Flag of Unity in Diversity Right: Demonstrators at the NoDAPL protests in January 2017. Source: https:// www.indianz.com/News/2017/01/27/delay-in- nodapl-response-points-to-more.asp 2 | June 2018 • Vexillum No. 2 June / Juin 2018 Number 2 / Numéro 2 Editor's Note | Note de la rédaction Dear Reader: We hope you enjoyed the premiere issue of Vexillum. In addition to offering my thanks Research and news of the North American to the contributors and our fine layout designer Jonathan Lehmann, I owe a special note Vexillological Association / Recherche et nouvelles de l’Association nord-américaine of gratitude to NAVA members Peter Ansoff, Stan Contrades, Xing Fei, Ted Kaye, Pete de vexillologie. -
Cruciform Heraldry (Solution)
Cruciform Heraldry (Solution) This puzzle is presented as a cross-shaped arrangement of coats of arms. Other than the blank one showing a question mark, the coats of arms are those of 25 of the 26 cantons of Switzerland, which is also hinted at by the title, the initials of which are the same as the abbreviation for Switzerland (CH, Confoederatio Helvetica), and the name of the font used in the title (Helvetica). Also, the dimensions of the cross are exactly the dimensions of the cross in the Swiss coat of arms and flag. The missing 26th coat of arms is that of Vaud, which says “LIBERTÉ ET PATRIE” on it. The puzzle is a cryptogram. Each of the boxed rows contains the name of a municipality in Switzerland (or a district in the case of Appenzell Innerrhoden, which does not have municipalities and whose districts are equivalent to municipalities in other cantons), where diacritics and hyphens have been preserved, which makes one of the names (Châtel-sur-Montsalvens) an easy way to break into the cryptogram. The decrypted grid is shown below, where the missing letters are marked in red. O R P U N D R I E H E N D O Z W I L E B I K O N R A M S E N B U O C H S Y V O R N E C H A T E L S U R M O N T S A L V E N S A C Q U A R O S S A N E N Z L I N G E N T R O G E N O B E R E G G N E U H E I M L I C H T E N S T E I G E R S T F E L D T U R B E N T H A L T S C H E P P A C H E N G E L B E R G R E B E U V E L I E R M E Y R I N A B T W I L P E S E U X P I G N I U I L L G A U N E N D A Z G L A R U S . -
The History of Florida's State Flag the History of Florida's State Flag Robert M
Nova Law Review Volume 18, Issue 2 1994 Article 11 The History of Florida’s State Flag Robert M. Jarvis∗ ∗ Copyright c 1994 by the authors. Nova Law Review is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nlr Jarvis: The History of Florida's State Flag The History of Florida's State Flag Robert M. Jarvis* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........ .................. 1037 II. EUROPEAN DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST ........... 1038 III. AMERICAN ACQUISITION AND STATEHOOD ......... 1045 IV. THE CIVIL WAR .......................... 1051 V. RECONSTRUCTION AND THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ..................... 1056 VI. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ................... 1059 VII. CONCLUSION ............................ 1063 I. INTRODUCTION The Florida Constitution requires the state to have an official flag, and places responsibility for its design on the State Legislature.' Prior to 1900, a number of different flags served as the state's banner. Since 1900, however, the flag has consisted of a white field,2 a red saltire,3 and the * Professor of Law, Nova University. B.A., Northwestern University; J.D., University of Pennsylvania; LL.M., New York University. 1. "The design of the great seal and flag of the state shall be prescribed by law." FLA. CONST. art. If, § 4. Although the constitution mentions only a seal and a flag, the Florida Legislature has designated many other state symbols, including: a state flower (the orange blossom - adopted in 1909); bird (mockingbird - 1927); song ("Old Folks Home" - 1935); tree (sabal palm - 1.953); beverage (orange juice - 1967); shell (horse conch - 1969); gem (moonstone - 1970); marine mammal (manatee - 1975); saltwater mammal (dolphin - 1975); freshwater fish (largemouth bass - 1975); saltwater fish (Atlantic sailfish - 1975); stone (agatized coral - 1979); reptile (alligator - 1987); animal (panther - 1982); soil (Mayakka Fine Sand - 1989); and wildflower (coreopsis - 1991). -
The Canadian Handbook and Tourist's Guide
3 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAICN IN MEMORY OF STEWART S. HOWE JOURNALISM CLASS OF 1928 STEWART S. HOWE FOUNDATION 917.1 Smlc 1867 cop. H. T.H>ii Old Trapper, v. Photo, : THE CANADIAN HANDBOOK AND Tourists Guide GIVING A DESCRIPTION OF CANADIAN LAKE AND RIVER SCENERY AND PLACES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST WITH THE BEST SPOTS FOR Fishing and Shooting. MONTREAL Published by M. Longmoore & Co., Printing House, 6y Great St. James Street, - 1867. Entered according to the Act of the Provincial Parliament, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, by John Taylor, in the Office of the Kegistrar of the Province of Canada. 1 /?./ • . / % . THE CANADIAN HANDBOOK AND TOURIST'S GUIDE. INTRODUCTION. The Nooks and Corners of Canada, and. more especially of the Lower Province, in addition to the interest they awaken as important sources of Commercial and Agricultural wealth, are invested with no ordinary attraction for the Naturalist, the Antiquary, the Historian, and the Tourist in quest of pleasure or of health. We have often wondered why more of the venturesome spirits amongst our transatlantic friends do not tear themselves away, even for a few months, from London fogs, to visit our distant but more favoured clime. How is it that so few, comparatively speaking, come to enjoy the bracing air and bright summer skies of Canada ? With what zest could the enterprising or eccentric among them undertake a ramble, with rod and gun in hand, from Niagara to Labrador, over the Laurentian Chain of Moun- tains, choosing as rallying points, whereat to compare notes, the summit of Cape Eternity in the Saguenay district, and 6 Introduction. -
Flags of the World
ATHELSTANEFORD A SOME WELL KNOWN FLAGS Birthplace of Scotland’s Flag The name Japan means “The Land Canada, prior to 1965 used the of the Rising Sun” and this is British Red Ensign with the represented in the flag. The redness Canadian arms, though this was of the disc denotes passion and unpopular with the French sincerity and the whiteness Canadians. The country’s new flag represents honesty and purity. breaks all previous links. The maple leaf is the Another of the most famous flags Flags of the World traditional emblem of Canada, the white represents in the world is the flag of France, The foremost property of flags is that each one the vast snowy areas in the north, and the two red stripes which dates back to the represent the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. immediately identifies a particular nation or territory, revolution of 1789. The tricolour, The flag of the United States of America, the ‘Stars and comprising three vertical stripes, without the need for explanation. The colours, Stripes’, is one of the most recognisable flags is said to represent liberty, shapes, sizes and devices of each flag are often in the world. It was first adopted in 1777 equality and fraternity - the basis of the republican ideal. linked to the political evolution of a country, and during the War of Independence. The flag of Germany, as with many European Union United Nations The stars on the blue canton incorporate heraldic codes or strongly held ideals. European flags, is based on three represent the 50 states, and the horizontal stripes. -
Beginner Blazon
Blazon 101 Arwyn of Leicester White Wyvern Herald Submissions Avacal What we will discuss • Definition – Emblazon vs Blazon • Using Emblazon and Blazons in SCA – Submissions – Conflict Check – Display What we will discuss • How to Build a Blazon – Elements of a blazon – Basic Syntax Rules – How to put it together • Resources (on-line, books) Using Emblazon and Blazons in SCA • Submissions – Emblazon – picture of device/badge • This is what is registered – Proposed Blazon vs. Registered Blazon • Local heralds should attempt at a blazon on the submission (Proposed Blazon) • Laurel gives final blazon (registered) Using Emblazon and Blazons in SCA • Conflict Checks – Blazon is what is listed in the armorial – Allows a visual picture to be developed from the description • Display – Scribes can use this to add colour to scrolls – Providing personal banners How to Build a Blazon • Elements of a Blazon – Tinctures • Colours: – azure (blue) – gules (red) – purpure (purple) – sable (black) – vert (green) • Metals: – Or (gold) – Argent (white/silver) How to Build a Blazon • Elements of a Blazon – Tinctures • Furs – Ermine (white with black spots) – Ermines (also called counter ermine –black with white spots) – Erminois (gold with black spots) – Pean (black with gold spots) – Vair (interlocking "bells" alternately white and blue) – Potent (interlocking "T's" alternately white and blue) How to Build a Blazon • Elements of a Blazon – Ordinaries • An ordinary is a charge that consists of one or more strips of a contrasting tincture which cover large areas of the shield. • Examples: – Base – Bordure – Canton – Chief – Pile – Bend How to Build a Blazon • Elements of a Blazon – Directions • Remember that the directions are like you wearing the shield – then the Norman French makes sense • to base (= toward the bottom point of the shield) • to chief (= toward the top edge of the shield) • to dexter (= toward the viewer's left, the shield bearers right) • to sinister (= toward the viewer's right, the shield bears left) How to Build a Blazon • Basic Syntax Rules 1. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
The Vexilloid Tabloid #27, July 2010
Portland Flag Association Publication 1 Portland Flag Association “Free, and Worth Every Penny!” Issue 27 July 2010 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Let Your Flags Wave Let Your Flags Wave 1 By John Hood (1960) from France Most of you know that I maintain August 04- Cook Islands, New Zealand Flag Retirement Ceremony 2 a database of occasions to fly (P) Constitution Day (1965) Flags in the News 3 flags. I don’t pretend that it is August 05- Peace River, BC, Can. (F) Flag Adopted (1970) July 2010 Flutterings 4 absolute, but it is pretty thorough. August 06- Bolivia (P) Independence Day Next Meeting Announcement 5 Some dates can be argued, but none are without some prove- (1825) from Spain Flag Related Websites 5 nance. For example, Flag Day August 07- Larrakian Aboriginals, Aus. 6 (F) Flag First Flown (1996) Flag Quiz does not necessarily equate to August 08- West Linn, OR, USA (P) City our June 14th, but rather the day Incorporated (1913) that seems most important to the August 09- Singapore (P) Independence flag of that country. I have Day (1965) from Malaysia abridged the list drastically, taking August 10- Missouri, USA (P) Admission only one occasion per day for the Day (1821) next two months and trying not August 11- Chad (P) Independence Day to repeat locations. If you find (1960) from France any error, let me know—if you August 12- Sacramento, CA, USA (F) have the flags, fly them. Flag Adopted (1989) August 13- Central African Republic (P) Independence Day (1960) from France August 14- Pakistan (F) Independence Day (1947) from UK August 15- Asunción, Paraguay (P) Founding of the City (1537) August 16- Liechtenstein (P) Franz Josef II's Birthday (1906) August 17- Indonesia (P) Independence Day (1945) from Netherlands August 19- Bahrain (F) Flag Confirmed (P) Primary Holiday (F) Flag Day (1972) August 01- Switzerland (P) National “There is hopeful sym- August 20- Flag Society of Australia (P) Day (1291) Founding Day (1983) bolism in the fact that August 02- British Columbia, Can. -
The Nordic Cross Flag: Crusade and Conquest April 22, 2020 Show Transcript
Season 1, Episode 5: The Nordic Cross Flag: Crusade and Conquest April 22, 2020 Show Transcript Welcome back to another episode of Why the Flag?, the show that explores the stories behind the flags, and how these symbols impact our world, our histories, and ourselves. I’m Simon Mullin. On the last episode, we discussed the Y Ddraig Goch – the red dragon flag of Wales – and the deep historical and mythological origins of the red dragon on a green and white ground. We traveled back nearly 2,000 years to the Roman conquest of Britannia and the introduction of the dragon standard to the British Isles by the Iranian-Eastern European Sarmatian cavalry stationed at Hadrian’s Wall. We explored how the dragon was adopted by the Roman army as a standard, and after their withdrawal from Britannia, its mythological rise as the symbol of Uther Pendragon and King Arthur, and then its resurrection by Henry VII – whose 15th Century battle standard closely resembles the flag of Wales we see today. National mythology plays a significant role in shaping our identities and how we see ourselves as a community and as a people. And, as we found in episode 4, these mythologies are instrumental in shaping how we design and emotionally connect to our national flags. We’re going to continue this theme about the cross-section of history, mythology, and national identity on the episode today as we discuss the rise of the Nordic Cross, a symbol that shapes the flags of all eight Nordic and Scandinavian countries today, and rules over nearly 28 million citizens speaking 15 distinct languages. -
Bird Observer
Bird Observer VOLUME 42, NUMBER 5 OCTOBER 2014 HOT BIRDS On July 10 a Sandwich Tern was spotted on Plum Island. Earlier in the month another Sandwich Tern, this one banded, was sighted at Nauset Marsh. Mary Keleher got photos. On July 14 a Gull-billed Tern joined the tern show at Plum Island. John Hoye took the photograph on the right. On July 22 Mass Audubon’s Wildlife Information Line received a report of a Rufous Hummingbird in Townsend, and the homeowner graciously allowed birders to visit. Jason Forbes took the photograph on the left. CONTENTS BIRDING UMASS AMHERST Ian Davies 261 OCEANS CHANGING: DO SEABIRDS TELL US SOMETHING ABOUT OCEAN CHANGES? Thomas Robben, Stephen Broker, & Shoon N. Robben 273 CONNECTING CHILDREN WITH NATURE THROUGH SCIENCE AND ART: JUNIOR DUCK STAMP PROGRAM MARKS 20 YEARS IN MASSACHUSETTS Pam Landry 285 PHOTO ESSAY Massachusetts Junior Duck Stamp Entries 290 BIRDING AT THE FRONT: A WARTIME LETTER FROM LUDLOW GRISCOM Edited by David Swain 293 BIRDING BABYLON: IRAQ, 2004 Jonathan Trouern-Trend 298 MUSINGS FROM THE BLIND BIRDER Why We Bird Martha Steele 301 GLEANINGS Flashers David M. Larson 303 ABOUT BOOKS Looking Back and Planning Ahead Mark Lynch 306 BIRD SIGHTINGS May/June 2014 313 ABOUT THE COVER: White-Eyed Vireo William E. Davis Jr. 327 ABOUT THE COVER ARTIST: Barry Van Dusen 328 AT A GLANCE Wayne R. Petersen 329 ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRICE INCREASE Bird Observer last had a price increase in 1996. Since then production costs have risen substantially, in particular for printing and postage. In order to maintain the magazine’s financial viability, a price increase is necessary. -
Vexillum, March 2018, No. 1
Research and news of the North American Vexillological Association March 2018 No. Recherche et nouvelles de l’Association nord-américaine de vexillologie Mars 2018 1 INSIDE Page Editor’s Note 2 President’s Column 3 2017 NAVA Membership Map 3 Steamboat’s a-Comin’: Flags Used Incorporating NAVA News and Flag Research Quarterly Afloat in the Nineteenth Century 4 The Mississippi Identity: Summary of an Academic Project in Flag Design 11 Flag Heritage Foundation: Japanese Heraldry and Heraldic Flags 12 Regional Groups Report: PFA and VAST 12 • Grants Committee Report • Letters • New Flags • Projected Publication Schedule 13 11 Oh Say, Can You See...? 14 Captain William Driver Award Guidelines 16 Treasurer’s Report 16 Flags for the Fallen 18 Annual Meeting Notice, Call for Papers 24 18 4 2 | March 2018 • Vexillum No. 1 March / Mars 2018 Issue 1 / Numéro 1 Editor's Note | Note de la rédaction Dear Reader: No. 1 Welcome to the first edition of Vexillum. Please allow me to explain its origins and our Research and news of the North American plans for it. Vexillological Association / Recherche et NAVA has a long history of publishing for its members and others interested in vexill- nouvelles de l’Association nord-américaine ological matters. NAVA News began in 1967 as a newsletter about association affairs, and de vexillologie. Published quarterly / Publié later expanded its coverage to include reprints of newspaper articles about flags and original quatre fois par an. research papers. Raven has delivered twenty-four volumes of peer-reviewed vexillological Please submit correspondence and research since 1994. In 2013, Flag Research Quarterly was launched to provide a forum for submissions to / Veuillez envoyer toute correspondance à l’adresse suivante: amply illustrated, shorter research articles.