The 200Th Anniversary of Florida

The Adams-Onís Treaty The 200th Anniversary Timeline of Florida

U.S. Secretary of State John Quincey Adams and 22 February 1819 Spanish Minister Don Luis Onís signed the Adams Onís Treaty.

Serial Set Maps: 1820. [The United States in 1820.] (Serial Set Spain ratified the Publication, 1820), Archive of Americana. Adams-Onís Treaty. 24 October 1820

Selected Bibliography The United States 19 February 1821 Brooks, Philip Coolidge. Diplomacy and made final revisions the Borderlands: The Adams-Onís to the treaty. Treaty of 1819. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1939. The Adams-Onís Treaty The Adams-Onís Treaty 21 February 1821 Mahon, John K. "The First Seminole War, was implemented. November 21, 1817-May 24, The Story of the Acquisition of Florida 1818." The Florida Historical Quarterly 77, no. 1 (1998). Image Citation: Map of Florida. 1821. Black & white photoprint, 10 x 8 in. State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. McGovern, James R. Andrew Jackson and Pensacola, vol. 2. Pensacola, Florida: University of West On 22 February 1821, the Adams- Florida, 1974. Onís treaty ceded the East and West Heidler, David S. "The Politics of National Florida territories to the United States Aggression: Congress and the First of America resulting in the successful Seminole War." Journal of the transfer of its ownership to America, Early Republic 13, no. 4 (1993). thus marking the date for Florida’s doi:10.2307/3124558. bicentennial and the beginning of its Courtesy of the University Archives and progression towards statehood. West Florida History Center

. Top Ten Reading List For Top Five Secondary Sources The Story of Florida Acquisition Scandal in Territorial Florida 1. Doherty, Herbert J. "Andrew Jackson vs. The Spanish Governor: Pensacola 1821." The Florida Historical Quarterly 34, no. 2 (1955): Top Five Primary Sources 142-58. 2. Weidenbach, Nell Colcord. Lt. John Spanish Florida became a refuge for 1. Onís, D. Luis de. Memoir upon the negotiations McLanghlin, USN: Mystery Man of the hostile indigenous groups, outlaws, and between Spain and the United States of America, Second Seminole War. Port Charlotte, Florida: Foxcord House, 1995. runaway slaves seeking protection Which Led to the Treaty of 1819 with a Statistical under Spanish law. President James Notice of that Country Accompanied with an 3. Denham, James M. A Rogue’s Paradise: Appendix, Containing Important Documents for the Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Monroe commissioned Major General Better Illustration of the Subject. Translated by Florida, 1821-1861. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: Andrew Jackson to cease conflicts Tobias Watkins. Washington: E. De Krafft Printer, University of Alabama Press, 1997. along the U.S.-Spanish border. General 1821. 4. Denham, James M., and Randolph Roth. Jackson did just that when he captured “Why Was Antebellum Florida Murderous? A 2. Van Ness, William Peter. A Concise Narrative of Spanish Pensacola which brought the Quantitative Analysis of Homicide in Florida, General Jacksons First Invasion of Florida, and of First Seminole War to a conclusion. His Immortal Defense of New-Orleans: With 1821-1861.” The Florida Historical Quarterly Remarks. New York: E. M. Murden & A. Ming, Jr., 86, no. 2 (2007): 216–39. 1827. 5. Doherty, Herbert J. "Andrew Jacksons The capture of Spanish Pensacola 3. Cohen, M. M. Notices of Florida and the Cronies in Florida Territorial Politics: With made Spain realize its incapability to Campaigns. Quadricentennial Edition of the Three Unpublished Letters to His Cronies." effectively govern the East and West Floridiana Facsimile Reprint Series. Gainesville: The Florida Historical Quarterly 34, no. 1 Florida territories. Negotiations on (1955): 3-29. University of Florida Press, 1964. boundary disputes and the Florida 4. Giddings, Joshua R., and Arthur W. Thompson. question developed the Adams-Onís The Exiles of Florida, or, The Crimes Committed by Our Government against the Maroons Who Fled Treaty of 1819. In this treaty, Spain from South Carolina and Other Slave States, agreed to relinquish its hold on the Seeking Protection Under Spanish Laws. Florida territory thereby ceding it the Quadricentennial Edition. Gainesville, Florida: United States. University of Florida Press, 1964. 5. United States Congress, Defeat of the Seminole United States Secretary of State Indians -- capture of Spanish posts in Florida -- and the trial and execution of Arbuthnot and Ambrister. John Quincey Adams and Spanish Communicated to Congress by the President of the Minister Don Luis de Onís signed the United States, with his opening message of the 17th Adams-Onís treaty on 22 February 1819 of November, 1818. Washington D.C.: Charles Wood but was not implemented until 22 Printer, 1818. February 1821.

Image Citation: Engraving of Governor Andrew Jackson on Horseback. 18--. Color photoprint, 9 x 8 in. State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. , accessed 22 April 2018.