DOCSLIB.ORG

Drospirenone Ethinyl Estradiol 0.02 Mg Leaflet 400 X 800 Mm.FH11

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Drospirenone Ethinyl Estradiol 0.02 Mg Leaflet 400 X 800 Mm.FH11 2xxxxxx TABLETS 934-2019-02 ETHINYL ESTRADIOL DROSPIRENONE AND HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION -----------------------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS--------------------------------- 5.15 Other Conditions FDA Approved Patient Labeling These highlights do not include all the information needed to use DROSPIRENONE AND ETHINYL Vascular risks: Stop drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets if a thrombotic event occurs. In women with hereditary angioedema, exogenous estrogens may induce or exacerbate symptoms ESTRADIOL TABLETS safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for DROSPIRENONE Stop at least 4 weeks before and through 2 weeks after major surgery. Start no earlier than 4 of angioedema. Chloasma may occasionally occur, especially in women with a history of chloasma AND ETHINYL ESTRADIOL TABLETS. weeks after delivery, in women who are not breastfeeding. (5.1) COCs containing DRSP may Guide for Using Drospirenone and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets gravidarum. Women with a tendency to chloasma should avoid exposure to the sun or ultraviolet DROSPIRENONE and ETHINYL ESTRADIOL tablets, for oral use be associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) than COCs containing Initial U.S. Approval: 2001 levonorgestrel or some other progestins. Before initiating drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol radiation while taking COCs. tablets in a new COC user or a woman who is switching from a contraceptive that does not WARNING TO WOMEN WHO SMOKE contain DRSP, consider the risks and benefits of a DRSP-containing COC in light of her risk 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING AND SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR of a VTE. (5.1) The following serious adverse reactions with the use of COCs are discussed elsewhere in the labeling: Do not use drosperinone and ethinyl estradiol tablets if you smoke cigarettes and are EVENTS Hyperkalemia: DRSP has anti-mineralocorticoid activity. Do not use in patients predisposed Serious cardiovascular events and stroke [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and over 35 years old. Smoking increases your risk of serious cardiovascular side effects to hyperkalemia. Check serum potassium concentration during the first treatment cycle in Precautions (5.1)] See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning women on long-term treatment with medications that may increase serum potassium (heart and blood vessel problems) from birth control pills, including death from heart Women over 35 years old who smoke should not use concentration. (5.2, 7.1, 7.2) Vascular events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets (4). Liver disease: Discontinue drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets if jaundice occurs. (5.4) Liver disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] attack, blood clots or stroke. This risk increases with age and the number of cigarettes Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious High blood pressure: Do not prescribe drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets for women cardiovascular events from combination oral Adverse reactions commonly reported by COC users are: you smoke. with uncontrolled hypertension or hypertension with vascular disease. (5.5) Irregular uterine bleeding contraceptive (COC) use. (4) Carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects: Monitor prediabetic and diabetic women taking drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets. Consider an alternate contraceptive method for Nausea ------------------------------------------RECENT MAJOR CHANGES----------------------------------------- women with uncontrolled dyslipidemia. (5.7) Breast tenderness Birth control pills help to lower the chances of becoming pregnant when taken as directed. Contraindications (4) 08/2017 Headache: Evaluate significant change in headaches and discontinue drospirenone and ethinyl Headache They do not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. Warnings and Precautions (5.5) 08/2017 estradiol tablets if indicated. (5.8) Uterine bleeding: Evaluate irregular bleeding or amenorrhea. (5.9) 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience ------------------------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE----------------------------------------- What Are Drospirenone and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets? ----------------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS-------------------------------------------- Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets are an estrogen/progestin COC, indicated for use by women ³ in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another to: The most frequent adverse reactions ( 2%) in contraception and acne clinical trials were: Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablet is a birth control pill. It contains two female hormones, Prevent pregnancy. (1.1) headache/migraine (6.7%), menstrual irregularities (4.7%), nausea/vomiting (4.2%), breast drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. a synthetic estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called drospirenone. Treat symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) for women who choose to use pain/tenderness (4%) and mood changes (2.2%). (6.1) The most frequent adverse reactions (³2%) in PMDD clinical trials were: menstrual irregularities Contraception and Acne Clinical Trials an oral contraceptive for contraception. (1.2) The data provided reflect the experience with the use of drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets The progestin drospirenone may increase potassium. Therefore, you should not take drospirenone Treat moderate acne for women at least 14 years old only if the patient desires an oral (24.9%), nausea (15.8%), headache (13%), breast tenderness (10.5%), fatigue (4.2%), contraceptive for birth control. (1.3) irritability (2.8%), decreased libido (2.8%), increased weight (2.5%), and affect lability (2.1%). in the adequate and well-controlled studies for contraception (N=1,056) and for moderate acne and ethinyl estradiol tablets if you have kidney, liver or adrenal disease because this could (6.1) -----------------------------------DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION--------------------------------- vulgaris (N=536). cause serious heart and health problems. Other drugs may also increase potassium. If you Take one tablet daily by mouth at the same time every day. (2.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Cyndea Pharma S.L. at 858-333-8411 or For contraception, a Phase 3, multicenter, multinational, open-label study was conducted to evaluate FDA at 1-800 FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch Tablets must be taken in the order directed on the blister pack. (2.1) safety and efficacy up to one year in 1,027 women aged 17 to 36 who took at least one dose of are currently on daily, long-term treatment for a chronic condition with any of the medications ---------------------------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS----------------------------- ------------------------------------------DRUG INTERACTIONS-------------------------------------------- drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets. A second Phase 3 study was a single center, open-label, below, you should consult your healthcare provider about whether drospirenone and ethinyl Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol tablets consists of 28 film-coated, biconvex tablets in the following Drugs or herbal products that induce certain enzymes (for example, CYP3A4) may decrease the effectiveness of COCs or increase breakthrough bleeding. Counsel patients to use a back-up or active-controlled study to evaluate the effect of 7 28-day cycles of drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol estradiol tablets are right for you, and during the first month that you take drospirenone and order (3): tablets on carbohydrate metabolism, lipids and hemostasis in 29 women aged 18 to 35. For acne, 24 pink tablets, each containing 3 mg drospirenone (DRSP) and 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) alternative method of contraception when enzyme inducers are used with COCs. (7.1) ethinyl estradiol tablets, you should have a blood test to check your potassium level. 4 white inert tablets ----------------------------------USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS------------------------------------ two multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies, in 536 women aged 14 to ---------------------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS-------------------------------------------- Nursing Mothers: Not recommended; can decrease milk production. (8.3) 45 with moderate acne vulgaris who took at least one dose of drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol NSAIDs (ibuprofen [Motrin, Advil], naproxen [Aleve and others] when taken long-term and Renal impairment (4) tablets, evaluated the safety and efficacy during up to 6 cycles. See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA- approved patient labeling. daily for treatment of arthritis or other problems) Adrenal insufficiency (4) The adverse reactions seen across the 2 indications overlapped, and are reported using the frequencies Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone and others) A high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases (4) from the pooled dataset. The most common adverse reactions (³2% of users) were: headache/migraine Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding (4) Potassium supplementation Breast cancer or other estrogen- or progestin-sensitive cancer (4) Revised: 02/2019 (6.7%), menstrual irregularities (including vaginal hemorrhage [primarily spotting] and metrorrhagia Liver tumors or liver disease (4) (4.7%), nausea/vomiting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contraception: Choosing the Right Method for You
    Contraception: Choosing the Right Method for You Megan Sax, MD and James L. Whiteside, MD What’s available? Choosing a method of contraception can be overwhelming. The most commonly used methods of reversible contraception in the United States are: hormonal methods the intrauterine device (IUD) the implant barrier methods (e.g. male condom)1 Friends, family, and the Internet are full of stories of failed contraception or bad reactions and these stories can have a big influence that doesn’t always line up with the facts.2 However, knowing these facts is critical to figuring out what type will work best for you. Highly Effective Contraception The best place to start in choosing your contraception is to determine when, if ever, you are planning on starting a family. If you do not wish to become pregnant in the next year, a Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive (LARC) device may be a good option. LARCs include an implant placed under the skin of the upper, inner arm (brand name Nexplanon) and the IUD. IUDs are placed inside the uterus (see Figure 1). They use copper (brand name ParaGard) or hormones (brand names: Mirena, Lilleta, Skyla, Kyleena) to stop a pregnancy from happening. LARCs are the most effective reversible form of contraception. Less than 1% of users experience unintended pregnancy during the first year of use.3 Currently, the implant Nexplanon is effective for 3 years. The hormonal IUD may be used for 3 to 5 years, depending on the brand. The copper IUD works for 10 years. These devices are inserted and removed by a medical care provider.
    [Show full text]
  • F.8 Ethinylestradiol-Etonogestrel.Pdf
    General Items 1. Summary statement of the proposal for inclusion, change or deletion. Here within, please find the evidence to support the inclusion Ethinylestradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring in the World Health Organization’s Essential Medicines List (EML). Unintended pregnancy is regarded as a serious public health issue both in developed and developing countries and has received growing research and policy attention during last few decades (1). It is a major global concern due to its association with adverse physical, mental, social and economic outcomes. Developing countries account for approximately 99% of the global maternal deaths in 2015, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for roughly 66% (2). Even though the incidence of unintended pregnancy has declined globally in the past decade, the rate of unintended pregnancy remains high, particularly in developing regions. (3) Regarding the use of contraceptive vaginal rings, updated bibliography (4,5,6) states that contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) offer an effective contraceptive option, expanding the available choices of hormonal contraception. Ethinylestradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring is a non-biodegradable, flexible, transparent with an outer diameter of 54 mm and a cross-sectional diameter of 4 mm. It contains 11.7 mg etonogestrel and 2.7 mg ethinyl estradiol. When placed in the vagina, each ring releases on average 0.120 mg/day of etonogestrel and 0.015 mg/day of ethinyl estradiol over a three-week period of use. Ethinylestradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring is intended for women of fertile age. The safety and efficacy have been established in women aged 18 to 40 years. The main advantages of CVRs are their effectiveness (similar or slightly better than the pill), ease of use without the need of remembering a daily routine, user ability to control initiation and discontinuation, nearly constant release rate allowing for lower doses, greater bioavailability and good cycle control with the combined ring, in comparison with oral contraceptives.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Effects Ethinyl Estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol & Its Effects On
    1 Effects Ethinyl Estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol & Its Effects on Cardiovascular Health Mary Eilert Lourdes University Spring 2019 BIO 490 Section A Dr. Anjali Gray 2 Effects Ethinyl Estradiol ABSTRACT Combined hormonal birth control regulates the menstrual cycle in women by manipulating the hormonal level. Combined hormonal contraception utilizes progestin and Ethinyl estradiol, which are synthetics of progesterone and estrogen. These synthetic hormones help regulate ovulation in women and in turn menstruation. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, and myocardial infarction are all risk factors when taking combined hormonal contraception due to the chemical composition of Ethinyl estradiol. Ethinyl estradiol’s binding mechanism to an estrogen receptor causes clots and therefore a risk for cardiovascular disease. The dosage of Ethinyl estradiol is related to an increased risk for VTE, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Due to the increased threat to cardiovascular health, physicians should screen patient health history carefully when prescribing combined hormonal birth control. Analyzing the risk Ethinyl estradiol poses to cardiovascular health in women can be used to determine if combined hormonal birth control is the ideal choice for contraception. 3 Effects Ethinyl Estradiol INTRODUCTION Birth control, a contraceptive, is frequently prescribed to women of varying ages throughout the United States. Birth control can be used for its primary use as a contraceptive or prescribed as a means of lessening symptoms of reproductive diseases, such as endometriosis. Birth control comes in various forms and methods. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and birth control implants are forms which are implanted into the women and rely on the release of hormones to regulate the menstrual cycle (Planned Parenthood).
    [Show full text]
  • Drospirenone and Ethinyl Estradiol
    YASMIN 28 TABLETS (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol) PHYSICIAN LABELING Rx only PATIENTS SHOULD BE COUNSELED THAT THIS PRODUCT DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST HIV INFECTION (AIDS) AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES. DESCRIPTION YASMIN® provides an oral contraceptive regimen consisting of 21 active film coated tablets each containing 3 mg of drospirenone and 0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 7 inert film coated tablets. The inactive ingredients are lactose monohydrate NF, corn starch NF, modified starch NF, povidone 25000 USP, magnesium stearate NF, hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose USP, macrogol 6000 NF, talc USP, titanium dioxide USP, ferric oxide pigment, yellow NF. The inert film coated tablets contain lactose monohydrate NF, corn starch NF, povidone 25000 USP, magnesium stearate NF, hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose USP, talc USP, titanium dioxide USP. Drospirenone (6R,7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,15S,16S,17S)-1,3',4',6,6a,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, 14,15,15a,16-hexadecahydro-10,13-dimethylspiro-[17H-dicyclopropa-6,7:15,16] cyclopenta[ a]phenanthrene-17,2'(5H)-furan]-3,5'(2H)-dione) is a synthetic progestational compound and has a molecular weight of 366.5 and a molecular formula of C24H30O3. Ethinyl estradiol (19-nor­ 17α-pregna 1,3,5(10)-triene-20-yne-3,17-diol) is a synthetic estrogenic compound and has a molecular weight of 296.4 and a molecular formula of C20H24O2. The structural formulas are as follows: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACODYNAMICS Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) act by suppression of gonadotropins. Although the primary mechanism of this action is inhibition of ovulation, other alterations include changes in the cervical mucus (which increases the difficulty of sperm entry into the uterus) and the endometrium (which reduces the likelihood of implantation).
    [Show full text]
  • CONTRACEPTION University of Miami Student Health Service (305) 284-9100 [email protected] Appointments/Results: Myuhealthchart.Com
    INFORMATION ON HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION University of Miami Student Health Service (305) 284-9100 [email protected] www.miami.edu/student-health Appointments/results: myuhealthchart.com BIRTH CONTROL PILLS: When used correctly and consistently, birth control pills are one of the most effective means available for prevention of pregnancy. Although no method is 100% effective, with proper use the pregnancy rate is considerably less than 1%. The information below is intended as a supplement to the package insert that accompanies your birth control pills, and serves to answer the most frequently asked questions. Be sure to also read the package insert, which contains more complete information, and to discuss additional concerns and special situations with your health care provider. Please read this information completely and save for future reference. WARNING: Smoking and the use of hormonal contraceptives are not recommended, especially in women over age 35. If you smoke you should stop. Talk to your health care provider if you need help quitting. Birth control pills do not protect you from getting sexually transmitted infections. We advise you to use CONDOMS as additional protection against unintended pregnancy and as protection against sexually transmitted infections. Although condoms do not provide complete protection, if used properly, they can decrease the likelihood of contracting an STD. Options for starting the pill: Most Common Method: Quick Start: If you are absolutely certain you’re not pregnant, you can start the pill now and use back-up contraception (i.e. condoms) for at least 7 days. Alternative Methods: Day 1 Start: Start pills on first day of a normal menstrual cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishing Effectiveness and Safety for Hormonal Drug Products Intended to Prevent Pregnancy Guidance for Industry
    Establishing Effectiveness and Safety for Hormonal Drug Products Intended to Prevent Pregnancy Guidance for Industry DRAFT GUIDANCE This guidance document is being distributed for comment purposes only. Comments and suggestions regarding this draft document should be submitted within 60 days of publication in the Federal Register of the notice announcing the availability of the draft guidance. Submit electronic comments to https://www.regulations.gov. Submit written comments to the Dockets Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. For questions regarding this draft document, contact Jennifer Mercier at 301-796-0957. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) July 2019 Clinical/Medical 07/01/19 Establishing Effectiveness and Safety for Hormonal Drug Products Intended to Prevent Pregnancy Guidance for Industry Additional copies are available from: Office of Communications, Division of Drug Information Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 10001 New Hampshire Ave., Hillandale Bldg., 4th Floor Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Phone: 855-543-3784 or 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-431-6353; Email: [email protected] https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) July 2019 Clinical/Medical TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 II. CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN FEATURES—KEY CONSIDERATIONS .................. 1 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Contraception Krishna K
    POLICY STATEMENT Organizational Principles to Guide and Define the Child Health Care System and/or Improve the Health of all Children Emergency Contraception Krishna K. Upadhya, MD, MPH, FAAP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE Despite significant declines over the past 2 decades, the United States abstract continues to experience birth rates among teenagers that are significantly higher than other high-income nations. Use of emergency contraception (EC) within 120 hours after unprotected or underprotected intercourse can reduce the risk of pregnancy. Emergency contraceptive methods include oral Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia medications labeled and dedicated for use as EC by the US Food and Drug Policy statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit Administration (ulipristal and levonorgestrel), the “off-label” use of combined from expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and external reviewers. However, policy statements from the American oral contraceptives, and insertion of a copper intrauterine device. Indications Academy of Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or the for the use of EC include intercourse without use of contraception; condom organizations or government agencies that they represent. breakage or slippage; missed or late doses of contraceptives, including the Dr Upadhya was responsible for all aspects of revising and writing the policy statement with input from reviewers and the Board of Directors; oral contraceptive pill, contraceptive patch, contraceptive ring, and injectable she approves the final manuscript as submitted. contraception; vomiting after use of oral contraceptives; and sexual assault. The guidance in this statement does not indicate an exclusive course Our aim in this updated policy statement is to (1) educate pediatricians and of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care.
    [Show full text]
  • Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Thromboembolism in Women With
    Diabetes Care Volume 40, February 2017 233 Hormonal Contraception and Risk Sarah H. O’Brien,1,2 Terah Koch,2 Sara K. Vesely,3 and of Thromboembolism in Women Eleanor Bimla Schwarz4 With Diabetes Diabetes Care 2017;40:233–238 | DOI: 10.2337/dc16-1534 EPIDEMIOLOGY/HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To investigate safety of hormonal contraception with regard to thromboembolic events in women with type 1 or 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from 2002–2011 in Clinformatics Data Mart to identify women in the U.S., 14–44 years of age, with an ICD-9-CM code for diabetes and a prescription for a diabetic medication or device. We examined contraceptive claims and com- pared time to thromboembolism (venous thrombosis, stroke, or myocardial in- farction) among women with diabetes dispensed hormonal contraception using a modification of Cox regression to control for age, smoking, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetic complications, and history of cancer; we excluded data for 3 months after women gave birth. RESULTS We identified 146,080 women with diabetes who experienced 3,012 thromboem- bolic events. Only 28% of reproductive-aged women with diabetes had any claims for hormonal contraception, with the majority receiving estrogen-containing oral con- traceptives. Rates of thromboembolism were highest among women who used the 1Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, contraceptive patch (16 per 1,000 woman-years) and lowest among women who The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s used intrauterine (3.4 per 1,000 woman-years) and subdermal (0 per 163 woman-years) Hospital, Columbus, OH contraceptives.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Hormonal Contraception
    Understanding Hormonal Contraception Alexandra Hall MD University of Wisconsin, Stout ACHA 2013 Disclosures • I will discuss off-label use of medications. • I have no financial conflicts of interest. Overview • Mechanisms of Action • Risks & benefits, based on pharmacology & physiologic effects • Safe prescribing, weighing the options Abbreviations • CHC = Combined Hormonal Contraceptive • Estrogen + Progestin • Pills, Patch, & Ring • BC = Birth Control • OC = Oral Contraceptive (COC=Combined Oral Contraceptive) • POP = Progestin-Only Pills, a.k.a. Mini-Pills • LNG-IUS = Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System (Mirena IUD) • DMPA = Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) • EE = Ethinyl estradiol • SHBG = sex hormone binding globulin • MEC = Medical Eligibility Criteria U.S. MEC www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/UnintendedPregnancy/USMEC.htm Resources • Hatcher et al., Contraceptive Technology • Dickey, Managing Contraceptive Pill / Drug Patients • Speroff & Fritz, Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility • Speroff & Darney, A Clinical Guide for Contraception • Association of Reproductive Health Professionals www.arhp.org • Free webinars • Free online resources • Free patient resources • Members get free subscription to journal Contraception LET’S GET STARTED! Case Astara believes strongly in using only natural products and doesn’t want to use anything synthetic. She wonders if there is an all-natural hormonal contraceptive available to her. What do you tell her? a. The hormones in OC’s are identical to the hormones her body normally makes. b. The hormones in a new pill named Natazia are bioidentical to natural hormones. c. The estrogen component of CHC is extracted from horse urine. d. The progestin component of CHC is extracted from yams. e. None of the above. WHAT IS CONTRACEPTION MADE OF? In the beginning… 80,000 sow ovaries = 5 gallons syrup Mexican yams = 12 mg estradiol & 3 kg progesterone 40 mg progesterone via chemical processes called the Marker Degradation Estradiol vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Contraception
    September 2018 | Fact Sheet Emergency Contraception Emergency contraception (EC), sometimes referred to as “the morning-after pill,” is a form of backup birth control that can be taken up to several days after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure and still prevent a pregnancy. In 1999, Plan B was the first oral product approved for use in the U.S. as an EC by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since then, more EC products have been approved, and there has been debate over access to EC, particularly over-the-counter availability for teenagers. Many have confused EC with the “abortion pill,” but EC does not cause abortion, since it works by delaying or inhibiting ovulation and will not work if the woman is already pregnant. This fact sheet reviews the methods of EC, known mechanisms of action, women’s awareness of EC, and current national and state policies affecting EC access. WHAT IS EC? Emergency contraception is used as a back-up birth control method to prevent unintended pregnancy after sex in the event of unprotected sex, sexual assault, or a contraceptive failure, such as a condom breaking. There are several methods of EC that are available in the U.S. including progestin-based pills, ulipristal acetate, and copper IUDs (Table 1). Unlike the copper IUD, EC pills are not intended for use as a regular contraceptive method. ECs do not terminate a pregnancy. Table 1: Major Methods of Emergency Contraception (EC), Availability and Policy in the U.S. Timing after Brand Name Efficacya Availability in the U.S. intercourse One dose versions approved for Progestin-only pills—11 81 - 90% reduced pregnancy riskb Within 72 hours availability “over the counter” brandsC without age restrictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: a Review
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Review Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review Nerea M. Casado-Espada 1, Rubén de Alarcón 1, Javier I. de la Iglesia-Larrad 1, Berta Bote-Bonaechea 1 and Ángel L. Montejo 1,2,* 1 Psychiatry Service, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Clinical Hospital of Salamanca, Paseo San Vicente, SN 37007 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] (N.M.C.-E.); [email protected] (R.d.A.); [email protected] (J.I.d.l.I.-L.); [email protected] (B.B.-B.) 2 Nursing School E.U.E.F., University of Salamanca, Av. Donantes de Sangre SN 37007 Salamanca, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+34639754620 Received: 12 May 2019; Accepted: 24 June 2019; Published: 25 June 2019 Abstract: In recent decades, hormonal contraceptives (HC) has made a difference in the control of female fertility, taking an unequivocal role in improving contraceptive efficacy. Some side effects of hormonal treatments have been carefully studied. However, the influence of these drugs on female sexual functioning is not so clear, although variations in the plasma levels of sexual hormones could be associated with sexual dysfunction. Permanent hormonal modifications, during menopause or caused by some endocrine pathologies, could be directly related to sexual dysfunction in some cases but not in all of them. HC use seems to be responsible for a decrease of circulating androgen, estradiol, and progesterone levels, as well as for the inhibition of oxytocin functioning. Hormonal contraceptive use could alter women’s pair-bonding behavior, reduce neural response to the expectation of erotic stimuli, and increase sexual jealousy.
    [Show full text]
  • Progesterone and Related Progestins: Potential New Health Benefi Ts
    CLIMACTERIC 2013;16(Suppl 1):69–78 Progesterone and related progestins: potential new health benefi ts R. Sitruk-Ware and M. El-Etr * Population Council and Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; * INSERM UMR 788, Kremlin Bic ê tre, France Key words: PROGESTERONE , PROGESTIN , NESTORONE, NEUROREGENERATION, MYELIN REPAIR, STROKE , HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY, LACTATION , PROGESTERONE VAGINAL RING ABSTRACT Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is essential for the regulation of reproductive function. The main physiological roles of this hormone have been widely described. Progesterone and progestins have been approved for a number of indications including the treatment of irregular and anovulatory menstrual cycles and, when combined with estrogen, for contraception, and the prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) regimens. Lack of understanding between the differ- ences in categories of the progestins as well as with the physiological hormone has resulted in considerable controversy surrounding the use of progestins for HRT regimens. Newer evidence suggests that there are distinct differences between the molecules and there is no progestin class effect, with regard to benefi ts or side-effects. In addition to its role in reproduction, progesterone regulates a number of biologically distinct processes in other tissues, particularly in the nervous system and the vessels. Recently, it has been shown in animal experiments that progesterone and the progestin Nestorone ® have positive effects on neuroregeneration and repair of brain damage, as well as myelin repair. The potential benefi ts of natural progesterone and its related derivatives warrant further investigation. It is hoped that a better understanding of the mechanism of action of progesterone and selected progestins will help in defi ning better therapies for men and women.
    [Show full text]