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Botanique Centre-Ouest Nouvelle série 1981 Tome 12 Dare de parution: ,. Il 1981 ISSN 0154 9898 BULLETIN DE LA SOCI ÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DU CENTRE-OUEST anciennement SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE des DEUX-SÉVRES ASSOCIATION SANS BUT LUCRATIF fondée le 22 Novembre 1888 ADMINISTRATION: Président : R. DAUNAS, «Le Clos de la Lande)), Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan, 17200 ROYAN Secrétaire : Ch. LAHONDÈRE, 94, Avenue du Parc, 17200 ROYAN Trésorier : M. ROGEON, 14, rue H. Dunant, 86400 CIVRAY COTISATION - ABONNEMENT 1981 COTISATION .. .. 20,00 F A80NNEMENT: 50,00 F Les cotisations doivent être versées avant le 1er Mars: - de préférence par virement postal au C.C.P. : Société Botanique du Centre-Ouest nO 21579 Z Bordeaux; - ou par chèque bancaire adressé au Trésorier, mais établi au nom de la Société. MANUSCRITS Les travaux des Sociétaires seront publiés dans le Bulletin. La Rédaction se réserve le droit: - de demander aux auteurs d'apporter à leurs articles les modifications qu'elle jugerait nécessaires; - de refuser la publication d'un article. La publication d'un article dans le Bulletin n'implique nullement que la Société ap­ prouve ou cautionne les opinions émises par l'Auteur. Les articles seront remis dactylographiés (ou écrits très lisiblement, en script de préférence), recto seulement.. avec double interligne et marge d'au moins 5 cm. Les croquis ou dessins remis avec le manuscrit seront présentés sur papier blanc ou papier calque de bonne qualité et effectués à l'encre de Chine noire. S'ils doivent être réduits éviter les indications d'échelle du genre: x 1/2, 1110, etc. mais indiquer une échelle centimétrique par exemple. Reproduction prise en charge par la Société. Les photographies (noir et blanc) doivent être de bonne qualité. Leur reproduction est prise en charge par la Société. L'impression des photographies en couleurs est à la charge des auteurs. Un devis pourra être fourni. Chaque auteur aura la possibilité d'obtenir des tirés à part (en faire la demande à la remise du manuscrit) dans les conditions suivantes: - 30 gratuitement; - à partir du 31 ème les auteurs devront rembourser à la Société les frais engagés; - après l'impression il ne sera plus possible d'obtenir de tirés à part. Daredeparution: 1-11-1981 ISSN 0154 9898 Nouvelle série 1981 ============== Tome 12 BULLETIN de la, , SOCIETE BOTANIQUE du CENTRE-OUEST anciennement SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE des DEUX-SÈVRES ASSOCIATION SANS BUT LUCRATIF fondée le 22 Novembre 1888 SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DU CENTRE-oUEST «Le Clos de La Lande» Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan 17'200 ROYAN (France) Date de parution: 1-11-1981 ISSN 0154 9898 BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DU CENTRE-OUEST, NOUVELLE SÉRIE, TOME 12, 1981 2 SERVICE DE RECONNAISSANCE DES PLANTES Les Botanistes dont les noms suivent proposent leurs services pour aider leurs confrères, les jeunes surtout, à déterminer leurs récoltes: • Pour les Charophycées: M. le Chanoine R. CORILLlON, Maître de Recherches au C.N.R.S., 18, rue Maurice Berné, 49130 LES-PONTS-DE-CÉ. • Pour les Champignons supérieurs: M. le D' P. BOUCHET, Les Ouillères des Nouillers, 17380 TONNAY-BOUTONNE. • Pour les échantillons pathologiques (mycoses, cécidies) : M. R. LU GAGNE, Saint-Avit-de-Tardes, 23200 AUBUSSON. (Envoyer des échantillons suffisamment typiques, pouvant si possible tenir dans une lettre de format ordinaire, accompagnés de deux étiquettes mentionnant le nom spécifique de l'hôte, le lieu et la date de la récolte et toutes précisions utiles sur le biotope. L'une des étiquettes sera retournée à l'expéditeur. Sauf demande contraire, le déterminateur conservera l'échantillon qu'il est souvent nécessaire de mutiler pour faire des coupes). • Pour les Muscinées: - M. R.B. PIERROT, Les Andryales Saint-André, 17550 DOLUS. (Responsable du Fichier Bryophytes du Centre-Ouest) - M. M. ROGEON, 14, rue Henri Dunant, 86400 CIVRAY. • Pour les Algues marines brunes et Vf.rtes : M. Ch. LAHONDÈRE, 94, avenue du Parc, 17200 ROYAN • Pour les Cryptogames vasculaires et les Phanérogames: - M. A. BARBIER, 11, rue de la Brouette du Vinaigrier, 86000 POITIERS. - M. P. BIGET, 37, rue Emile Zola, 79000 NIORT. - M. A. BOURASSEAU, 2, rue Bernard Palissy, 17100 SAINTES. - M.E. CONTRE, Paizay-le-Tort, 79500 MELLE. (Responsable du Fichier Cryptogames vasculaires et Phanérogames du Centre-Ouest). - M. le Chanoine R. CORILLlON, Maître de Recherches au C.N.R.S., 18, rue Maurice Berné, 491 30 LES-PONTS-DE-CÉ. - M. Ch. LAHONDÈRE, 94, avenue du Parc, 17200 ROYAN (Pour les plantes du littoral). • Pour le genre Hieracium: M. B. de RETZ, 6, avenue du Maréchal Leclerc, 78150 LE CHESNAY. Il est recommandé que chaque récolte comprenne, autant que possible, deux ou mieux trois parts d'herbier, la détermination étant d'autant plus sûre et plus précise qu'il est possible d'examiner un plus grand nombre d'échantillons. Cela permettrait aussi au déterminateur de conserver pour son propre herbier l'une des parts envoyées. NOTA: Il est demandé aux envoyeurs de dédommager les déterminateurs des frais de correspondan­ ce, surtout s'ils désirent que les échantillons envoyés aux fins de détermination leur soient retournés. Date de parution: 1-11-1981 ISSN 0154 9898 BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DU CENTRE-OUEST, NOUVELLE SÉRIE, TOME 12, 1981 3 LES CLAVAIRES DU SUD-OUEST DE LA FRANCE (1938-19801 parA.-G. PARROT * Les Clavaires sont des Champignons basidiomycètes dont les basides, non cloisonnées, sont en général tétraspores, pouvant dans certains cas n'être que bisporées. Les espèces en sont coriaces, plus ou moins ligneuses, ou encore simplement charnues et ne présentant jamais de chapeau véritable, ni de lames, ni de pores. Au début de leur développement elles sont un petit tubercule nu. Puis, au voisinage de son extrémité, apparaissent les premières ébauches hyméniales. Ensuite, pendant l'élongation du tubercule primitif, qui devient alors progressivement un carpophore fructifère, naissent de nouvelles basides entre l'extrémité et les premières basides apparues. Ainsi le carpophore se trouve être progressivement recouvert par l'hyménium fertile dont la croissance est donc indéfinie; seule, la partie inférieure appelée pied ou tronc, ou stipe, reste stérile. Toutes les Clavaires ont un réceptacle dressé qui se présente sous des formes très diverses. Certaines espèces sont toutes simples, de forme subcylindrique, plus ou moins en massue, ou simplement fusiformes; de telles formations se dénomment c1avules. Celles-ci peuvent être solitaires ou au contraire pousser en troupes plus ou moins denses; ce sont les grégaires. Quand deux ou trois clavules se soudent par leur pied, on dit qu'elles sont connées et si elles le sont en plus grand nombre, elles sont cespiteuses ; enfin si la soudure s'effectue sur une plus grande longueur, elles deviennent fasciculées. Parfois enfin, certaines grosses espèces présentent un tronc véritable qui se divise en rameaux, lesquels se subdivisent à leur tour en ramules puis en ramuscules plus fins se terminant en pointes plus ou moins aiguës; dans cette dernière éventualité la Clavaire est dite dendroïde, ressemblant en effet à un petit arbre; ce sont ces espèces qu'on dénomme parfois les Ramaria, réservant à toutes les autres le terme de Clavaria . Il est habituel d'ajouter ici certaines espèces qui ne sont ni clavulées, ni dendroïdes, mais qui sont formées de lanières plus ou moins crispées et anastomosées, issues d'un corps charnu substipité; de telles espèces forment le genre Sparassis. (PI. 1) Pour la détermination des espèces, la microscopie est d'un grand secours. En effet, les spores présentent des dimensions, des profils, des ornementations et des colorations bien spécifiques. Les unes sont très petites, d'autres deux ou trois fois plus grosses. Certaines sont subsphériques ou ovoïdes, certaines autres plus allongées et fusiformes. Parfois leur membrane est lisse, mais certaines sont hérissées de pointes, de tubercules, de bosselures ou de rides plus ou moins saillantes. Enfin, les unes sont blanches en tas et hyalines au microscope, les autres étant plus ou moins vivement colorées en ocre. (PI. Il) La classification des Clavaires est délicate; elle fut l'objet de nombreux travaux français et étrangers, référenciés dans la bibliographie sommaire que j'ai pu consulter. Pour simplifier, ce qui n'est pas facile, et pour s'y reconnaître, je propose une classification • A.G PARROT 23/25. rue Cardinal Lavigerie - 64200 BIARRITZ - 4 A.-G. PARROT édulcorée volontairement et qui n'a d'autre prétention que de rendre plus aisée la recherche des espèces. 1°) - Espèces rameuses ou Ramaria - Les spores sont ocracée~et en général grenelées: Clavariel/a - Les spores sont hyalines et plus ou moins globuleuses: Clavulina 2°) - Espèces simples ou Clavaria ss. str. - De petite taille: Clavel/a - De grande taille: Clavariadelphus 3°) - Espèces à rameaux foliacés, fertiles sur les deux faces: Sparassis Dans l'énumération et la présentation des espèces, formes ou variétés observées et étudiées, nous suivrons donc l'ordre proposé; mais au préalable il me semble normal de citer ceux qui, avant moi, se sont intéressés aux Clavaires de notre Sud-Ouest, afin d'établir le bilan de nos connaissances actuelles. En 1884, les excellents mycologues GUILLAUD, FORQUIGNON et MERLET, (page 85) dénombraient 15 espèces ou variétés dont les noms suivent: Clavaria flava, Schaeff. ; botrytes, Pers. ; cinerea, Bull. ; krombholzi, Fries (= CI. grossa); aurea, Schaeff. ; Formosa, Pers.; fragilis, Holmsk ; rugosa, Bull. ; cristata, Pers. ; amethystina, Batt. ; var. rufo-violacea, Barla; rosea, Fr. ; inaequalis, Muhl. ; pistil/aris, Linné; Sparassis crispa Fr. En 1889, J. BEL dans ses «Champignons comestibles et vénéneux du Tarn» indiquait la présence dans ce département des 11 espèces suivantes (pp. 50-55) : Sparassis crispa Fr. ; Clavaria juncea, Fries; pistil/aris, Linné; fragilis, Holmsk ; vermicularis, Scop. ; fusiformis, Sow. ; amethystina, Bull. ; fastigiata, Linné; flava, Schaeffer; coral/oides, Linné; cinerea, Bulliard. En 1918, dans leur «Catalogue des plantes de la région bayonnaise», ANCIBURE et PRESTAT ne signalaient que 4 espèces: Clavaria aurea, Sch.
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