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Technical Report Building the Mediterranean future together TECHNICAL REPORT Optimising the production of goods and services by Mediterranean forests in a context of global changes April 2014 Methods and tools for socio-economic assessment of goods and services provided by Mediterranean forest ecosystems FFEM PROJECT OPTIMISING THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES BY MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS IN A CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGES Component 2: assess the socio-economic value of goods and services provided by Mediterranean forest ecosystems, to support effective decision-making and strengthen actions to support the sustainable management of these ecosystems Methods and tools for socio-economic assessment of goods and services provided by Mediterranean forest ecosystems Prepared by EFIMED and CTFC for PLAN BLEU Authors Experts: European forest institute Robert Mavsar: [email protected] Fernando Herreros Experts: Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CTFC) Elsa Varela: [email protected] Fabrice Gouriveau: [email protected] PLAN BLEU coordinator: Marion DUCLERCQ: forest ecosystems, biodiversity. [email protected] 1 Methods and tools for socio-economic assessment of goods and services provided by Mediterranean forest ecosystems Table of contents Table of contents ............................................................................................................... 2 Table of illustrations .......................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF BOX ................................................................................................... Erreur ! Signet non défini. LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................ Erreur ! Signet non défini. LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. Erreur ! Signet non défini. List of abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 6 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7 2 Methodology used in this report ............................................................................. 8 2.1 Literature review ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Survey.............................................................................................................................................. 8 3 Forest ecosystems goods and services in the Mediterranean region ............... 9 3.1 Features and classification of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems .................... 9 3.1.1 Goods and services provided by forest ecosystems ................................................................................ 9 3.1.2 Classification of forest ecosystem goods and services ............................................................................ 9 3.2 Forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean region ........................................................................ 11 3.2.1 Forest cover in the Mediterranean ........................................................................................................ 11 3.2.2 The role of Mediterranean forests in the economy ............................................................................... 11 3.2.3 Ecosystem goods and services provided by Mediterranean forests ..................................................... 12 3.2.4 Beneficiaries of forest goods and services and differences across the Mediterranean basin ............... 17 3.2.5 Drivers of change in Mediterranean forests and their repercussions on the goods and services these ecosystems provide ............................................................................................................................................... 18 4 Evaluation methods ..................................................................................................24 4.1 Multi-criteria analysis .................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Step of a multi-criteria analysis .............................................................................................................. 25 4.1.2 Strengths and weaknesses of multi-criteria analysis.............................................................................. 28 4.1.3 Example of multi-criteria analysis application ........................................................................................ 28 4.2 Cost benefit analysis (CBA) ........................................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 Step of a cost-benefit analysis ............................................................................................................... 30 4.2.2 Strengths and weaknesses of the cost benefit analysis ........................................................................ 35 4.2.3 Example of CBA application .................................................................................................................... 35 4.3 CBA or MCA? ................................................................................................................................. 38 5 Valuation methods ....................................................................................................39 5.1 Introduction to the concept of total economic value ................................................................ 39 5.2 Economic valuation: purpose, implications and limitations ....................................................... 40 5.2.1 A definition of economic valuation ........................................................................................................ 40 5.2.2 Objectives of the economic valuation .................................................................................................... 41 5.2.3 Basic assumptions in environmental valuation ...................................................................................... 41 5.2.4 Requirements and limitations of environmental valuation ................................................................... 42 5.3 Economic valuation methods ...................................................................................................... 43 5.3.1 Revealed preference methods ............................................................................................................... 43 5.3.2 Stated preference methods ................................................................................................................... 57 5.3.3 Benefit transfer method ........................................................................................................................ 65 5.4 Which method to use ?................................................................................................................ 71 6 Recommendations on pilot sites ............................................................................74 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 74 6.2 Pilot site: Chréa National Park, Algeria ......................................................................................... 74 6.2.1 Most important goods and services....................................................................................................... 74 6.2.2 Expected changes in the provision of goods and services .................................................................... 75 6.2.3 Recommendation for the valuation of changes in the provision of goods and services ..................... 75 6.3 Pilot site: Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve, Lebanon ................................................................. 75 2 6.3.1 Most important goods and services....................................................................................................... 75 6.3.2 Expected changes in the provision of goods and services .................................................................... 76 6.3.3 Recommendation for the valuation of changes in the provision of goods and services ..................... 76 6.4 Pilot site: Maamora forest, Morocco ........................................................................................... 77 6.4.1 Most important goods and services....................................................................................................... 77 6.4.2 Expected changes in the provision of goods and services .................................................................... 77 6.4.3 Recommendation for the valuation of changes in the provision of goods and services ..................... 77 6.5 Pilot site: Düzlerçami forest, Turkey ............................................................................................ 78 6.5.1 Most important goods and services....................................................................................................... 78 6.5.2 Expected changes in the provision of goods and services .................................................................... 78 6.5.3 Recommendation for the valuation of changes in the provision of goods and services ..................... 79 Glossary ..............................................................................................................................82
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