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Vybraná Mediální Témata Seriálu Černobyl Prizmatem Českých, Západních a Ruských Serverů

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Vybraná Mediální Témata Seriálu Černobyl Prizmatem Českých, Západních a Ruských Serverů PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Vybraná mediální témata seriálu Černobyl prizmatem českých, západních a ruských serverů Bakalářská práce NATÁLIE ELGNEROVÁ Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Mgr. Simona Koryčánková, Ph.D. Katedra ruského jazyka a literatury Obor Ruský jazyk se zaměřením na vzdělávání Brno 2021 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ Bibliografický záznam Autor: Natálie Elgnerová Pedagogická fakulta Masarykova univerzita Katedra ruského jazyka a literatury Název práce: Vybraná mediální témata seriálu Černobyl prizmatem českých, západních a ruských serverů Studijní program: Specializace v pedagogice Studijní obor: Ruský jazyk se zaměřením na vzdělávání Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Mgr. Simona Koryčánková, Ph.D. Rok: 2021 Počet stran: 72 Klíčová slova: Seriál, Černobyl, havárie, média, zpravodajství, internet 2 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ Anotace Bakalářská práce „Vybraná mediální témata seriálu Černobyl prizmatem čes- kých, západních a ruských serverů“ pojednává o různých přístupech médií k seriálu americké produkce HBO celkem ve čtyřech zemích: České republice, Spojených stá- tech amerických, Velké Británii a v Rusku. Jednotlivé přístupy práce zkoumá na po- zadí zvolených mediálních témat. Cílem práce je prostřednictvím komparativní ana- lýzy zhodnotit přístup jednotlivých médií k vybraným tématům, zmapovat různé úhly pohledů na daný seriál a poukázat na rozdíly při prezentaci této problematiky ve vybraných mediích. 3 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ Abstract Bachelor's thesis „Selected media themes of TV series Chernobyl by prism of Czech, west and Russian servers“ deals with different approaches of media to TV series by American production HBO in four countries: Czech Republic, United States of America, Great Britain and Russia. The thesis researches individual approaches by prism of chosen media themes. Goal of the thesis is to evaluate approach of indi- vidual media to chosen themes, chart different opinions on stated TV series and point to differences of presentation these problems in selected media by com- parative analysis. 4 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci na téma Vybraná mediální témata seriálu Černobyl prizmatem českých, západních a ruských serverů zpracovala sama. Veškeré prameny a zdroje informací, které jsem použila k sepsání této práce, byly citovány v poznámkách pod čarou a jsou uvedeny v seznamu použitých pramenů a literatury. V Brně 9. dubna 2021 ....................................... Natálie Elgnerová 5 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ Poděkování Tímto bych chtěla poděkovat vedoucí práce, doc. PhDr. Simoně Koryčánkové, Ph.D. za trpělivost a ochotu, kterou projevila během zpracování této bakalářské práce. 6 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ Obsah 1 Úvod 9 2 Teoretická část 10 2.1 Co jsou to média ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 Moc médií .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Jak funguje zpravodajství .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Objektivita ve zpravodajství ............................................................................... 14 2.3 Co je to publicistika .......................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Internetová publicistika ....................................................................................... 17 2.4 Informační válka ............................................................................................................... 20 2.4.1 Studená válka ........................................................................................................... 21 2.4.2 Propaganda ............................................................................................................... 22 2.4.3 Informační válka mezi USA a SSSR .................................................................. 23 2.5 Prosovětská média ........................................................................................................... 25 2.6 Prozápadní média ............................................................................................................. 27 2.6.1 Česká média současnosti ..................................................................................... 28 3 Praktická část 30 3.1 Česká média ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.2 Angloamerická média ..................................................................................................... 39 3.3 Ruská média........................................................................................................................ 49 4 Závěr 58 4.1 Kvalita seriálu .................................................................................................................... 58 4.2 Vliv seriálu ........................................................................................................................... 59 4.3 Tvůrce seriálu .................................................................................................................... 59 4.4 Nepřesnosti seriálu .......................................................................................................... 60 4.5 Emoce a vjemy, které seriál předává ........................................................................ 61 4.6 Ocenění, která seriál získal ........................................................................................... 61 4.7 Historická fakta ................................................................................................................. 61 7 VYBRANÁ MEDIÁLNÍ TÉMATA SERIÁLU ČERNOBYL PRIZMATEM ČESKÝCH, ZÁPADNÍCH A RUSKÝCH SERVERŮ 4.8 Shrnutí .................................................................................................................................. 62 Použité zdroje 63 Monografie ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Internetové zdroje ....................................................................................................................... 64 Slovníky ............................................................................................................................................ 67 Odborné práce ............................................................................................................................... 67 Резюме 69 Příloha A Obrázky 71 Příloha B Články 75 8 ÚVOD 1 Úvod Tato práce se věnuje prezentaci seriálu Černobyl v současných českých, ame- rických, britských a ruských médiích. Cílem bakalářské práce je zhodnotit přístup jednotlivých médií k vybraným tématům, zmapovat různé úhly pohledů na daný se- riál a poukázat na rozdíly při prezentaci této problematiky na pozadí informační války ve vybraných mediích. Daný cíl je splnitelný, pakliže zvolíme jako předmět zkoumání adekvátní média, která jsou pro danou zemi charakteristická a podaří-li se nalézt v jednotlivých skupinách společná témata, která budou prezentována stej- ným, nebo odlišným způsobem, skrze názory daného média, či žurnalisty. Kritérii pro výběr médií byly především čtenost, profesionalita a vliv média v dané zemi. Metodou této práce je komparativní analýza, která se zabývá jednotli- vými rozdíly vybraných mediálních témat v různých geograficko-politických skupi- nách, a analogie, se kterou budeme pracovat, jestliže nalezneme společné rysy od- lišných zpravodajských serverů. Dané téma práce bylo zvoleno, jelikož černobylská havárie byla událostí, která ovlivnila značnou část populace a toto téma je pro společnost stále aktuální. Seriál Černobyl navíc vzbudil ohlas nejen u běžných diváků, ale také u odborné ve- řejnosti. Na seriál je možné se dívat z velkého množství analyzovaných otázek, nicméně pro tuto práci byla vybrána konkrétní témata, která souvisejí s kvalitou se- riálu, s názory daného média, či jiných osob, s vlivy a vjemy, které nám seriál pře- dává, s jeho tvůrci a s oceněními, která seriál získal. Najdeme je ve vybraných médi- ích jako základní komentáře pro hodnocení seriálu. Proto je možná komparativní analýza na základě vybraných médií, která je nicméně pouze základní excerpcí možných témat a jejich utřídění. V předložené ba- kalářské práci si neklademe za cíl provést komplexní historicko-politickou analýzu těch aspektů, které měly zásadní vliv na vznik černobylských událostí. 9 TEORETICKÁ ČÁST 2 Teoretická část 2.1 Co jsou to média Bernhard Schellmann uvádí následující definici: „Slovo pochází z latinského výrazu „medium“, což znamená «střední», «uprostřed», «mezi». Médium má tedy charakter prostředku, něco zprostředkovává, je prostředníkem. V našem vědomí hrají média významnou úlohu. Jsou neodmyslitelnou součástí života každého jed- notlivce. Pojem «média» je pro nás běžný a samozřejmý. Naprosto právem bývá naše epocha označována jako «věk médií a informací».“1 „Pojem média je v denní praxi užíván jako souhrnný výraz pro technické pro- středky či nástroje, které slouží
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