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3 Solar Lanterns
Life Cycle Assessment of Off-Grid Lighting Applications: Kerosene vs. Solar Lanterns MASSACHUSETTS INSMThUTE by OF TECHNOLOGY Shreya H. Dave SEP 16 2009 LOBRARIES Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering ARCHIVES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2009 © 2009 Shreya H. Dave All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author Department of Mechanical Engineering May 13, 2009 Certified by \ V- Timothy Gutowski Professor of Mechanical Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by N~) Professor J. Lienhard V. Collins Professor of Engineering Chairman, Undergraduate Thesis Committee Life Cycle Assessment of Off-Grid Lighting Applications: Kerosene vs. Solar Lanterns by Shreya H. Dave Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on May 13, 2009 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering ABSTRACT Access to electricity in developing countries is minimal and if available, often unreliable. As a result, fuel-based kerosene lighting is the most common solution to lighting necessities. However, kerosene combustion affects indoor air quality and relies on a non-renewable fossil fuel subject to price volatility. Thus, solar lanterns are being introduced to developing markets, but incur their own energy and emissions intensity from more complex manufacturing processes and requirements. Life cycle assessments examine the energy required and the emissions released over the entire existence of a product or process to allow for quantitative comparison among technology options. -
Is the Boy Scouts of America Really Founded Upon a Myth? W.D
INTERNATIONAL SCOUTING COLLECTORS ASSOCIATION JOURNALVol. 16, No. 3 September 2016 Is the Boy Scouts of America Really Founded upon a Myth? W.D. Boyce and the Unknown Scout ISCA JOURNAL - SEPTEMBER 2016 1 INTERNATIONAL SCOUTING COLLECTORS ASSOCIATION, INC PRESIDENT CRAIG LEIGHTY, 724 Kineo Ct., Oakley, CA 94561 (925) 548-9966, [email protected] Term Expires: 2018 VICE PRESIDENTS AREAS SERVED: TERM EXPIRES RICK BEDSWORTH, 1087 Tropical Star Ln #101, Henderson, NV 89002, (702) 561-2598, Activities 2018 [email protected] AL SILVA, 195 S. Kathleen Lane, Orange, CA 92869, (714) 771-0588, Administration 2017 [email protected] JAMES ELLIS, 405 Dublin Drive, Niles, MI 49120, (269) 683-1114, Communications 2016 [email protected] TERRY GROVE, 532 Seven Oaks Blvd., Winter Park, FL 32708 (321) 214-0056, Finance 2018 [email protected] J JOHN PLEASANTS,1478 Old Coleridge Rd., Siler City, NC 27344, (919) 742-5199, Marketing / 2017 [email protected] Promotions DAVE THOMAS, 5335 Spring Valley Rd., Dallas, TX 75254, (972) 991-2121, Legal 2017 [email protected] BOARD MEMBERS AT LARGE AREAS SERVED: TERM EXPIRES JAMES ARRIOLA, 4308 Fox Point Dr., Las Vegas, NV, 89108, (702) 275-4110 Website 2018 [email protected] Content GENE COBB, 4097 HWY 1153 Oakdale, LA, 71463, (318) 491-0909, ISCA Store 2017 [email protected] KIRK DOAN, 1201 Walnut St., #2500, Kansas City, MO 64100, (816) 691-2600, OA Insignia 2016 [email protected] Committee BRIAN IVES, 2520 Bexford View, Cumming, GA 30041, (805) 750-0109, Promotional 2016 [email protected] Activities TOD JOHNSON, PO Box 10008, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96158, (530) 541-1190, Membership 2016 [email protected] DAVE MINNIHAN, 2300 Fairview Rd., #M-106 Costa Mesa, CA 92626, (714) 641-4845, OA Insignia 2018 [email protected] Column DAVE PEDE. -
Produktkatalog Product Catalogue
Produktkatalog Product catalogue Über Petromax About Petromax Vor über 100 Jahren entwickelte der Berliner 100 years ago, Max Graetz, the technical Technikpionier Max Graetz die weltbekannte pioneer from Berlin, developed the world- Starklichtlampe! Die Marke Petromax, nach famous high-pressure lamp. The Petromax Graetzs Spitznamen „Petroleum Maxe“ be- brand, thus named after Graetz's nickname nannt, war geboren und mit ihr der Antrieb, "Petroleum Maxe", was born and with her mit innovativer Technik und Leidenschaft für the drive to bring independence into every- die Flamme Unabhängigkeit in den Alltag zu day life by means of innovative technology bringen. Auch heute steht dieser Gedanke and passion for the flame. Today this is still im Zentrum der Traditionsmarke. Die Faszi- the core concept of the traditional brand. nation Feuer inspiriert uns bei Petromax seit At Petromax the fascination for fire always jeher und der Funke ist auch auf die Themen inspires us, and the spark also flashed upon Draußen-Kochen und Draußen-Erlebnis über- the topics of outdoor cooking and outdoor gesprungen. experience. Feuerstellen unter freiem Himmel, nachhaltige Fireplaces under the open sky, sustainable Bekleidung für Draußen-Abenteuer, langlebi- clothing for the outdoor adventure, durable ge und belastbare Ausrüstung zum Kochen and resilient equipment for cooking and und Kühlen: Die Produktpalette von Petromax cooling: The Petromax product portfolio of- bietet dir eine große Auswahl, die dich dem fers you a large selection bringing you once ursprünglichen Erlebnis in der Natur wieder more closer to the original experience in na- näherbringt. Dabei steht die Qualität, Funk- ture. For that purpose, quality, functionality tionalität sowie die Kombinierbarkeit unserer as well as combinability of our products are Produkte im Vordergrund. -
Flashlight Ebook
FLASHLIGHT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lizi Boyd | 40 pages | 12 Aug 2014 | CHRONICLE BOOKS | 9781452118949 | English | California, United States Flashlight PDF Book App Store Preview. The source of the light often used to be an incandescent light bulb lamp but has been gradually replaced by light-emitting diodes LEDs since the mids. Some models of flashlight include an acceleration sensor to allow them to respond to shaking, or to select modes based on what direction the light is held when switched on. LED flashlights were made in the early s. Perf Power. This was the first battery suitable for portable electrical devices, as it did not spill or break easily and worked in any orientation. CS1 maint: archived copy as title link U. Water resistance, if specified, is evaluated after impact testing; no water is to be visible inside the unit and it must remain functional. The standard described only incandescent lamp flashlights and was withdrawn in Colored light is occasionally useful for hunters tracking wounded game after dusk, or for forensic examination of an area. Solar powered flashlights use energy from a solar cell to charge an on-board battery for later use. Remove All. Don't feel overwhelmed with our surplus of options. Retailer Walmart. Anodized Aluminum. A flashlight may have a red LED intended to preserve dark adaptation of vision. Price Free. And it even goes with a compass, giving you the direction in the darkness. Lanterns Lanterns. The working distance is from the point of view of the user of the flashlight. An IP X8 rating by FL1 does not imply that the lamp is suitable for use as a diver's light since the test protocol examines function of the light only after immersion, not during immersion. -
Torch Cutting
Torch Cutting Definition: Process for cutting metal using an apparatus that produces a very hot flame through the combustion of gases. Potential Hazards: Aerosolized particles Back strain Burns Explosive atmosphere Falling heavy objects Fire Flammable gases or vapors Hazardous fumes Hot environment Oil and hydraulic fluids Repetitive motion injuries Sharp objects/edges Guarding/Shielding: Approved protective equipment must be installed into the fuel gas piping to prevent • Backflow of oxygen into the fuel gas supply system • Passage of a flash back into the fuel gas supply system • Excessive back pressure of oxygen in the fuel gas supply system. Protective Equipment: Hard hats* Safety glasses* Steel toe/steel shank work boots with metatarsal guards* Oil resistant clothing or covering* Fire retardant gloves* Fire retardant coveralls or other form of full body work clothing* Fire retardant long sleeved shirt* Eye/face shielding that provides protection from ultraviolet light (shade ratings of 4 to 6, depending on the thickness of the material being cut)* Respirator (unless the absence of a respiratory hazard can be proven)* Hearing protection as needed *minimum requirements Safety Procedures: Portable fire extinguisher must be plainly marked and readily available in close proximity to torch cutting operations. Managers and operators must analyze torch cutting operations to determine the level of potential exposure to hazardous materials. These materials include, but are not necessarily limited to: • Lead • Cadmium • Beryllium • Carbon monoxide • Chromium • Iron oxide • Magnesium oxide • Mercury vapor • Nickel • Nitrogen dioxide • Zinc oxide Where hazardous levels exist, workers must be protected and monitored in accordance with the corresponding regulation(s). Compressed gas cylinders must never be moved via magnet. -
Holy Trinity Episcopal Church Acolyte Manual
Holy Trinity Episcopal Church Acolyte Manual 2018 Table of Contents Introduction. 3 Overall Responsibilities for All Acolytes. 4 Scheduling. 4 Vestments . 4 Before Worship. 5 Procession. 5 Candle Lighting Procedures. 5 Lighting Candles. 6 Extinguishing Candles. .. 7 Responsibilities of Individual Acolyte Positions . 7 Crucifer/Server Responsibilities. .7 Before the Service. 7 The Procession . 7 The Gospel Procession . 8 Preparation for Holy Communion. 8 The Recession. 9 Torch Bearer Responsibilities. 9 Before the Service. 9 The Procession . 9 The Gospel Procession . 10 At the Offering . 10 The Recession. .10 Gospel Bearer Responsibilities. 11 Before the Service. .11 The Procession.. .11 The Gospel Procession.. .11 The Recession. .11 Flag or Banner Bearer Responsibilities. 12 Glossary. 12-13 2 Introduction “In the meantime, the boy Samuel continued to serve the Lord, wearing a sacred linen apron. Each year his mother would make a little robe and take it to him when she accompanied her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice...The boy Samuel grew up in the service of the Lord.” 1 Samuel 2:18-21 Acolyte means an attendant or follower and Samuel is one of the first examples of an assistant to a priest. Your job as an acolyte is to assist the celebrant (the priest in charge of a worship service) and enhance the worship service to help glorify God. You are a minister of the church who is called to serve God. Therefore, every action you take should be done respectfully and in a dignified manner; the goal is for the attention of the congregation to be on the liturgy and not on the ministers. -
Acolyte Information Manual
ST. CATHERINE’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH ACOLYTE INFORMATIONAL MANUAL Welcome to the ministry of the Acolyte at St. Catherine’s Episcopal Church! It is a privilege to serve at God’s Table, and it is an offering to God. It is also a responsibility and therefore requires knowledge, training and PRACTICE. By being an acolyte, you’ve taken on a role of leadership in the worship service. Thank you! This manual includes a history of the acolyte ministry, terms you’ll need to know, responsibilities and procedures, a description of the routine duties of an acolyte, various extra duties for the more formal liturgies, and written instructions for the proper manner in which duties are to be carried out. Even as we strive to do our best while serving God and our neighbor, we all make mistakes. When this happens, please remember these three things: 1. There is no mistake you can make that someone else hasn’t already made. 2. There is no mistake you can make that cannot be corrected. 3. God loves you, regardless of any mistakes you make. By reading this manual thoroughly, you’ll have a firm foundation for the ministry you offer and won’t be as prone to making mistakes. If you have any questions regarding the services and what you need to do, please ask them in a timely manner. This means before the morning you’re scheduled to serve, not just before you process down the aisle. History and Function of Acolytes The ministry of acolytes is a very old tradition in the Church. -
Light-Emitting Diode - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A light-emitting diode (LED) (pronounced /ˌɛl iː ˈdiː/[1]) is a semiconductor Light-emitting diode light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962,[2] early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of Red, green and blue LEDs of the 5mm type 2 the semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm ), and Type Passive, optoelectronic integrated optical components are used to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection.[3] LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources Working principle Electroluminescence including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962) smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more Electronic symbol precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Pin configuration Anode and Cathode Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly indicators) and in traffic signals. -
Download Catalog
Fall - Winter - 2021 Don’t Wait Until It Is Too Late! We just want to issue an availability warning. When the Colonial Pipeline hack occurred the sales of Jerry Cans went beserk! We sold every single can, regardless of size, within three days! (So did every other supplier). They were supposed to last us until late Fall. Now with Hurricane Ida, and the ensuing tornados and flooding in PA, NJ, and New York, we are getting deluged with orders once again. We have a container on the water, arriving mid-October, but there’s a hitch: the cost of shipping tripled! That will have to be reflected in the prices, obviously. Furthermore, the future prices look bleak. The cost of raw materials soared 27%, and that’ll make ‘em even more pricey on the next go-around! Therefore, we encourage you to stock up NOW, before you must pay a king’s ransom for these durable NATO Jerry Cans. 5 LITER CAN GP05 $49 10 LITER CAN GP10 $58 20 LITER CAN GP20 $65 SET OF 4 20 LITER CANS GP204 $239 GET YOUR SET OF 4 20 LITER CANS GP204 $239 Before It’s Issue 113 Too LATE! Issue 113 To Order Call: 800-225-9407 or Click: www.DeutscheOptik.com Satisfaction Guaranteed oy.., what a year so far! Lo- are short-handed, and like many prices have gone up a bit due to gistics have never been so other businesses can’t find any shipping and manufacturing costs, Bfouled up, not to mention more employees. The crew is (sheet steel sky-rocketed), we are the costs involved. -
Understanding the Economics Behind Off-Grid Lighting Products for Small Businesses in Kenya
UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMICS BEHIND OFF-GRID LIGHTING PRODUCTS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN KENYA By Kristen Radecsky A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Environmental Systems: Energy, Environment, and Society Option May, 2009 UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMICS BEHIND OFF-GRID LIGHTING PRODUCTS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN KENYA By Kristen Radecsky Approved by the Master's Thesis Committee: Dr. Arne Jacobson, Major Professor Date Dr. Charles Chamberlin, Committee Member Date Dr. Steven Hackett, Committee Member Date Dr. Christopher Dugaw, Graduate Coordinator Date Dr. Chris A. Hopper, Dean for Research and Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMICS BEHIND OFF-GRID LIGHTING PRODUCTS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN KENYA Kristen Radecsky For illumination, many off-grid communities use lighting products such as candles, kerosene-fueled lamps, or dry cell battery-powered lights. Unfortunately, fuel- based and dry cell powered lighting can be expensive, a health hazard and often provides poor quality light. Manufacturers are currently designing rechargeable lighting products using LED technology as an alternative option for lower-income people. I developed a model to analyze the initial and life cycle costs of 19 off-grid lighting products. With the results, I make design recommendations for manufacturers. The analysis is based on product prices, laboratory measurements of product performance, and data about lighting cost and use patterns for small, off-grid businesses in Kenya. The field data were collected by Arne Jacobson, Maina Mumbi, Peter Johnstone and me during 2008. My results indicate that the economics of off-grid lighting using electric lamps depends on the charging mode. -
Financial Evaluation of SPV Lanterns for Rural Lighting in India
ELSEVIER Solar Energy Materials and Solar Ceils 44 (1996) 261-270 Financial evaluation of SPV lanterns for rural lighting in India Seemin Rubab, Tara Chandra Kandpal * Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz, Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India Abstract Financial evaluation of solar photovoltaic (SPV) lanterns has been undertaken. The factors influencing the capital as well as the maintenance cost of SPV lantern have been analyzed. Cost per hour of illumination and cost per unit useful energy have been used for comparison of SPV lanterns with other options of rural domestic lighting. The benefits accrued to the user of an SPV lantern have been quantified in terms of the monetary worth of the conventional fuels being saved. Keywords: Solar photovoltaic lantern; Domestic lighting; Financial analysis I. Introduction The solar photovoltaic (SPV) lanterns are presently being promoted in India as a domestic lighting option for rural households with no direct access to grid electricity. In the past year several incentives have been introduced to motivate the potential users to purchase the SPV lantern. These include provision of direct subsidy and soft loan to the users [1,2]. The large scale acceptance of SPV lanterns in rural areas will depend upon a variety of socio-techno-economic factors. Since the initial cost of the SPV lantern is relatively very high as compared to other domestic lighting options, the financial viability of an investment on an SPV lantern would play a crucial role in its dissemination. A modest attempt to analyze and study some of the issues related to the financial viability of SPV lanterns is made in this paper. -
SCHALLER's Those of Two Former Ecorse Council- for To&Y, Took Toe Fouowlng Stand: to Ths North
E i t r n i t t g WJmAY,MAY». 108& AVBRAUB DAILY OKRCtTLATlON THE WEATHfl» tor Uw Moalh el April, IflSfl Poreeoal et U. S. Weathm WELCOME GROUP QlflSH VODLD NOT TAKE Horttord TO CASH VETERANS Manchester TO CONFER TONIGHT LQOKI LOOKl LOOKl Fbri Quality 5,846 laoraoriag < airf Mighitr ' '^Twenty-thrM of th« dapartmcnt Date' Book OFnCE UNTIL JULY 1ST HBbor of lha AodR fiattrljfB tfr tt tng warmer toolght fonewed by slwwera r of the Cbanoe Vouglit com' BONDS IN HARTFORD TO BE ENLARGED rtou of OIrealalleiis. Wetoeeday. v u v , eight of whom were ON TAXATION SUITS - Iltoeheeter, Journeyed by bua fur- TealgM RUBBER MANCHESTER - A OTY OF VHXAGE (HARM diA ed by Perrett A Qleimey o f thla H ay 3S.—^Annual raootiagi of T. If AppolBtfld Befort That He M. C. A r tdwn to New York city on Batur- . Would Await Completion of HEELS (attached) VOL, LV., NO. 203. (Oaaolfled AdvertMng on Pag* U.) May Get Interim Receipts at Thla Week Work of Chamber’s Hospi 2 5 MANCHESTER. CONN„ TUESDAY, MAY 26, 1936. (FOURTEEN PAGES) PRICE THREE CENI d ^ . Ih ey vlalted the .^ lo grounds May 37.—^Yotmg Republican club’s Ralf-Tear to Keep Reports Selectmen, Asseseort, Board ______ Ear Ladlea — Genta and ChUdnnm to see the New York Giants play "Family Night" at Masonic Temple. -Right. EXPEBT WOKKBtANBBIP! BEST LEATHERSSATHER8 USED! the Phillies, made several other P. 0. Here and Checks Coming Bvrata tal Committee Grows by of Relief, Town Connsel atOM and arrived home at 3:80 a.