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Crystal Chemistry of Wulfenite (Pbmoo4) and Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 Author Information – Darren A
Crystal Chemistry of Wulfenite (PbMoO4) and Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 Author information – Darren A. Umbsaar Affiliation – University of Calgary Summary In this study, the crystal structure and chemistry of a selection of wulfenite (PbMoO4) and wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO4) samples from various worldwide localities are examined. These 2+ minerals have the same general formula, ABO4, where A is a divalent metal cation (e.g. Mn , Fe2+, Pb2+, etc.) and B is a highly charged cation (W6+ or Mo6+). These minerals crystallize in two different space groups; (1) wulfenite crystallizes in the tetragonal scheelite-type structure (space group I41/a, formula units, Z, = 4), whereas (2) wolframite crystallizes in the monoclinic wolframite- type structure (space group P2/c, Z = 2). The space group symmetry and cell dimensions are largely dictated by the ionic radius of the A site cation. In general, when the A cation radius is >0.90Å the crystal will form the tetragonal scheelite-type structure, whereas an A cation radius <0.90Å will favor the monoclinic wolframite-type structure. X-ray diffraction analyses of these minerals have long been a challenge because they are composed of heavy atoms (Pb, Mo, and W) which dominate in scattering X-rays. This makes it challenging to precisely determine the atomic coordinates of oxygen, being a much lighter element with a weaker atomic scattering power. Therefore, in an effort to overcome the aforementioned obstacle, and to acquire accurate structural data for these minerals, this study uses synchrotron high resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD). The natural wulfenite specimens analyzed so far in this study from various worldwide localities are very pure in composition, with all specimens being represented by the formula: Pb0.99- 5+ 6+ 6+ 6+ 1.00Mo0.99-1.00O4. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Mottramite Pbcu(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Mottramite PbCu(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or dipyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], with {101}, {201}, many others, to 3 mm, in drusy crusts, botryoidal, usually granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼5.9 D(calc.) = 6.187 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Grass-green, olive-green, yellow- green, siskin-green, blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Yellowish green. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.17(2) β = 2.26(2) γ = 2.32(2) 2V(meas.) = ∼73◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.667–7.730 b = 6.034–6.067 c = 9.278–9.332 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mottram St. Andrew, England; close to descloizite. 3.24 (vvs), 5.07 (vs), 2.87 (vs), 2.68 (vs), 2.66 (vs), 2.59 (vs), 1.648 (vs) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) CrO3 0.50 ZnO 0.31 10.08 P2O5 0.24 PbO 55.64 55.30 As2O5 1.33 H2O 3.57 2.23 V2O5 21.21 22.53 insol. 0.17 CuO 17.05 9.86 Total 100.02 100.00 (1) Bisbee, Arizona, USA; average of three analyses. (2) Pb(Cu, Zn)(VO4)(OH) with Zn:Cu = 1:1. -
Geological Notes on the Miami-Inspiration Mine E
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/13 Geological Notes on the Miami-Inspiration Mine E. F. Reed and W. W. Simmons, 1962, pp. 153-157 in: Mogollon Rim Region (East-Central Arizona), Weber, R. H.; Peirce, H. W.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 13th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 175 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1962 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. -
New Mineral Names*
American Mineralogist, Volume 62, pages 173-176, 1977 NEW MINERAL NAMES* MrcHlrI- Fr-BlscHrnAND J. A. MeNnn'ntNo and Institute Agrellite* Museum of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, for the Mineralogy, Geochemistryand Crystal Chemistry of the J. GrrrrNs, M. G. BowN .qNoB. D. Srunlt.ltt (1976)Agrellite, a Rare Elements(Moscow). J. A. M. new rock-forming mineral in regionally metamorphosed agpaitic alkafic rocks Can. Mineral. 14, 120-126. Fedorovskite+ The mineral occurs as lensesand pods in mafic gneissescom- posed of albite, microcline, alkalic amphibole, aegirine-augite, S. V. MeltNro, D P SsrsurlN and K V. YunrtN'l (1976) eudialyte,and nepheline.Other mineralspresent are: hiortdahlite, Fedorovskite,a new boron mineral,and the isomorphousseries other members of the w<ihleritegroup, mosandrite, miserite, brith- roweite-fedorovskite olite, vlasovite, calcite, fluorite, clinohumite, norbergite, zircon, Zap. Vses Mineral- O'uo 105,71-85 (in Russian)' biotite, phlogopite, galena, and a new unnamed mineral, CaZr- SirO, [seeabstract in Am. Mineral 61, 178-179 (1976)]. The local- ity is on the Kipawa River, Villedieu Township, T6miscamingue County, Quebei, Canada, at about Lat.46" 4'7' 49" N, and Long 78" 29'3l" W (Note by J.A.M.: The Lat. and Long. figuresare interchangedin the paper,and the figurefor the latitudeshould be 46" not 45" ) Agrellite occurs as crystals up to 100 mm in length. They are HCI elongatedparallel to [001] and are flattened on either {010} or X-ray powder data are given for the first 3 samplesanalyzed For { I l0} The color is white to greyishor greenishwhite The lusteron sample(Mg*Mn.u), the strongestlines (41 given) are 3'92 cleavagesis pearly. -
Petrology and Mineralogy of the "Old Workings Area," El Salvador, Chile
Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1965 Petrology and mineralogy of the "Old Workings Area," El Salvador, Chile Bertis James Vander Schaaff Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Department: Recommended Citation Vander Schaaff, Bertis James, "Petrology and mineralogy of the "Old Workings Area," El Salvador, Chile" (1965). Masters Theses. 5240. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5240 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. > I - ! ! PETROlOGY AND MINERAlOGY OF THE "OLD WJRKINGS AREA," EL SALVADOR, CHILE I o BY BERTIS J~ANDER SCHAAFF 'i~I A THESIS submitted to the faculty of THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT ROLLA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of .MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOlOGY Rolla, Missouri 1965 Approved by Q - 71.._. }j ,.;4-dJ_ /J. 7~ _(advisor) ~/Y51A~v ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT •••••••••••• . i LIST OF FIGURES •••• . ii LIST OF PLATES •••••••• . .. iii I. INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••• . 1 A. Purpose of Investigation •• . 1 B. location and Size of Area. 1 c. Topography •••••••••••••• . 3 D. Climate and Vegetation •• . 4 E. Culture .•••••.•..••.•••.••.•..• . 5 F. Field and Laboratory Procedure. 7 G. Acknowledgements ••••••••• . 9 II. GENERAL GEOLOGIC SETTING •••• . .. .. 10 A. Previous Investigations ••••• . 10 B. Petrology and Age Relations. 11 c. Structure ••••••••••••••••• . .. 12 III. PORPHYRY-TYPE ORE DEPOSITS •••••••••••••••••••• 15 A. Mineralogy •••••• . 15 B. -
New Mineral Names*,†
American Mineralogist, Volume 106, pages 1186–1191, 2021 New Mineral Names*,† Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy1 and Yulia Uvarova2 1Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18 korp. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia 2CSIRO Mineral Resources, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia In this issue This New Mineral Names has entries for 10 new species, including huenite, laverovite, pandoraite-Ba, pandoraite- Ca, and six new species of pyrochlore supergroup: cesiokenomicrolite, hydrokenopyrochlore, hydroxyplumbo- pyrochlore, kenoplumbomicrolite, oxybismutomicrolite, and oxycalciomicrolite. Huenite* hkl)]: 6.786 (25; 100), 5.372 (25, 101), 3.810 (51; 110), 2.974 (100; 112), P. Vignola, N. Rotiroti, G.D. Gatta, A. Risplendente, F. Hatert, D. Bersani, 2.702 (41; 202), 2.497 (38; 210), 2.203 (24; 300), 1.712 (60; 312), 1.450 (37; 314). The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined and V. Mattioli (2019) Huenite, Cu4Mo3O12(OH)2, a new copper- molybdenum oxy-hydroxide mineral from the San Samuel Mine, to R1 = 3.4% using the synchrotron light source. Huenite is trigonal, 3 Carrera Pinto, Cachiyuyo de Llampos district, Copiapó Province, P31/c, a = 7.653(5), c = 9.411(6) Å, V = 477.4 Å , Z = 2. The structure Atacama Region, Chile. Canadian Mineralogist, 57(4), 467–474. is based on clusters of Mo3O12(OH) and Cu4O16(OH)2 units. Three edge- sharing Mo octahedra form the Mo3O12(OH) unit, and four edge-sharing Cu-octahedra form the Cu4O16(OH)2 units of a “U” shape, which are in Huenite (IMA 2015-122), ideally Cu4Mo3O12(OH)2, trigonal, is a new mineral discovered on lindgrenite specimens from the San Samuel turn share edges to form a sheet of Cu octahedra parallel to (001). -
Tungsten Minerals and Deposits
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 652 4"^ TUNGSTEN MINERALS AND DEPOSITS BY FRANK L. HESS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. , 7 Inquiries concerning tungsten......................................... 7 Survey publications on tungsten........................................ 7 Scope of this report.................................................... 9 Technical terms...................................................... 9 Tungsten................................................................. H Characteristics and properties........................................... n Uses................................................................. 15 Forms in which tungsten is found...................................... 18 Tungsten minerals........................................................ 19 Chemical and physical features......................................... 19 The wolframites...................................................... 21 Composition...................................................... 21 Ferberite......................................................... 22 Physical features.............................................. 22 Minerals of similar appearance................................. -
Rongibbsite, Pb2(Si4al)O11(OH), a New Zeolitic Aluminosilicate Mineral with an Interrupted Framework from Maricopa County, Arizona, U.S.A
American Mineralogist, Volume 98, pages 236–241, 2013 Rongibbsite, Pb2(Si4Al)O11(OH), a new zeolitic aluminosilicate mineral with an interrupted framework from Maricopa County, Arizona, U.S.A. HEXIONG YANG,* ROBERT T. DOWNS, STANLEY H. EVANS, ROBERT A. JENKINS, AND ELIAS M. BLOCH Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, U.S.A. ABSTRACT A new zeolitic aluminosilicate mineral species, rongibbsite, ideally Pb2(Si4Al)O11(OH), has been found in a quartz vein in the Proterozoic gneiss of the Big Horn Mountains, Maricopa County, Arizona, U.S.A. The mineral is of secondary origin and is associated with wickenburgite, fornacite, mimetite, murdochite, and creaseyite. Rongibbsite crystals are bladed (elongated along the c axis, up to 0.70 × 0.20 × 0.05 mm), often in tufts. Dominant forms are {100}, {010}, {001}, and {101}. Twinning is common across (100). The mineral is colorless, transparent with white streak and vitreous luster. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of ∼5; cleavage is perfect on {100} and no parting was observed. 3 The calculated density is 4.43 g/cm . Optically, rongibbsite is biaxial (+), with nα = 1.690, nβ = 1.694, Z nγ = 1.700, c = 26°, 2Vmeas = 65(2)°. It is insoluble in water, acetone, or hydrochloric acid. Electron microprobe analysis yielded an empirical formula Pb2.05(Si3.89Al1.11)O11(OH). Rongibbsite is monoclinic, with space group I2/m and unit-cell parameters a = 7.8356(6), b = 13.913(1), c = 10.278(1) Å, β = 92.925(4)°, and V = 1119.0(2) Å3. -
Minerals Found in Michigan Listed by County
Michigan Minerals Listed by Mineral Name Based on MI DEQ GSD Bulletin 6 “Mineralogy of Michigan” Actinolite, Dickinson, Gogebic, Gratiot, and Anthonyite, Houghton County Marquette counties Anthophyllite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirinaugite, Marquette County Antigorite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirine, Marquette County Apatite, Baraga, Dickinson, Houghton, Iron, Albite, Dickinson, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Monroe and Marquette counties counties Algodonite, Baraga, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Aphrosiderite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette Ontonagon counties counties Allanite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette counties Apophyllite, Houghton, and Keweenaw counties Almandite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, and Marquette Aragonite, Gogebic, Iron, Jackson, Marquette, and counties Monroe counties Alunite, Iron County Arsenopyrite, Marquette, and Menominee counties Analcite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Atacamite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Anatase, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Augite, Dickinson, Genesee, Gratiot, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Andalusite, Iron, and Marquette counties Awarurite, Marquette County Andesine, Keweenaw County Axinite, Gogebic, and Marquette counties Andradite, Dickinson County Azurite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Anglesite, Marquette County Ontonagon counties Anhydrite, Bay, Berrien, Gratiot, Houghton, Babingtonite, Keweenaw County Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kent, Keweenaw, Macomb, Manistee, -
STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials. -
New Mineral Names*,†
American Mineralogist, Volume 106, pages 1186–1191, 2021 New Mineral Names*,† Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy1 and Yulia Uvarova2 1Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18 korp. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia 2CSIRO Mineral Resources, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia In this issue This New Mineral Names has entries for 10 new species, including huenite, laverovite, pandoraite-Ba, pandoraite- Ca, and six new species of pyrochlore supergroup: cesiokenomicrolite, hydrokenopyrochlore, hydroxyplumbo- pyrochlore, kenoplumbomicrolite, oxybismutomicrolite, and oxycalciomicrolite. Huenite* hkl)]: 6.786 (25; 100), 5.372 (25, 101), 3.810 (51; 110), 2.974 (100; 112), P. Vignola, N. Rotiroti, G.D. Gatta, A. Risplendente, F. Hatert, D. Bersani, 2.702 (41; 202), 2.497 (38; 210), 2.203 (24; 300), 1.712 (60; 312), 1.450 (37; 314). The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined and V. Mattioli (2019) Huenite, Cu4Mo3O12(OH)2, a new copper- molybdenum oxy-hydroxide mineral from the San Samuel Mine, to R1 = 3.4% using the synchrotron light source. Huenite is trigonal, 3 Carrera Pinto, Cachiyuyo de Llampos district, Copiapó Province, P31/c, a = 7.653(5), c = 9.411(6) Å, V = 477.4 Å , Z = 2. The structure Atacama Region, Chile. Canadian Mineralogist, 57(4), 467–474. is based on clusters of Mo3O12(OH) and Cu4O16(OH)2 units. Three edge- sharing Mo octahedra form the Mo3O12(OH) unit, and four edge-sharing Cu-octahedra form the Cu4O16(OH)2 units of a “U” shape, which are in Huenite (IMA 2015-122), ideally Cu4Mo3O12(OH)2, trigonal, is a new mineral discovered on lindgrenite specimens from the San Samuel turn share edges to form a sheet of Cu octahedra parallel to (001).