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The Elements of Drama in Koito a Traditional Wedding Ceremony Among the Tugen People of Baringo Kenya

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The Elements of Drama in Koito a Traditional Wedding Ceremony Among the Tugen People of Baringo Kenya THE ELEMENTS OF DRAMA IN KOITO A TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY AMONG THE TUGEN PEOPLE OF BARINGO KENYA JANET JEPKORIR KANGOGO C50/10163/2018 A Research submitted to the Department of Literature, in partial fulfillment of the award of Degree of Master of Arts in Literature University of Nairobi 2020© DECLARATION This research is my original work and has not been submitted for a degree or any other academic credit in any other university. Janet Jepkorir Kangogo C50/10163/2018 Signature: Date: 13th October, 2020. Supervisors This project has been submitted for our approval as University Supervisors: 1. Prof. C. Chesaina Department of Literature University of Nairobi Signature: PROF. CIARUNJI CHESAINA Date: 13th October, 2020. 2. Dr. S.P Otieno Department of Literature University of Nairobi Signature: DR. SIMON PETER OTIENO Date: 13th October, 2020. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to God for He has given me the wisdom and strength to carry out this study up to this far. Gratitude goes to my great parents, Mr. Stanley Kipkulei and Mrs. Grace Kobilo Kangogo for your great support and constantly praying for me. Thank you for instilling discipline and hard work in me, may God bless you abundantly. To my siblings: Rose, Emily, Nancy, Susy, Sally, Marion, Hosea and Amos thank you for your constant support, I love you. And special thanks goes to my friend and father to our children, Mathew Komen, it is through you that I have learnt to be patient and resilient, we love you. Thank you and God bless! iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give all the glory and honour to God for the grace He bestowed me since the time I began this research to the end. Despite the many challenges during this study, God pulled me through. I would like to appreciate my supervisors, Prof. C. Chesaina and Dr. S.P Otieno, for your consistent guidance and the great motivation which pushed me even farther in ensuring I finish this study in good time. You have indeed contributed immensely to the success of this study. May God bless you. My appreciation goes to all the teaching staff of the Department of Literature at the University of Nairobi for your guiding and encouraging words. May God bless Dr. Odari Masumi, Prof. Indangasi, Dr. Jeniffer Muchiri, Dr. Tom Odhiambo, Dr. Kimingich Wambende, Dr. Makau Kitata, Dr. Miriam Musonye, Prof. Rinkanya and Dr. Judith Jefwa. I appreciate my interviewees, Mr. Kipchebet Amdany alias Mzee Chermani, Mr. Stanley Kipkulei, Mrs. Kobilo Kangogo and Susan Cheserek, for providing me with material for this study without whom this study would not have been realized. Thanks to all who participated in the live performance. God bless you. iv ABSTRACT African indigenous festivals in Africa have been described by Finnegan (1970) as ‗quasi- dramatic‘ and they lack the dramatic structure of the West. This view is against that of the literary African scholars who claim that traditional festivals in Africa are fully dramatic and literary and should not be judged strictly by Western canons. Without documentation of these important festivals, the vital aspects of these performances have been rendered vestigial resulting in its disappearance. African traditional performance modes earlier practiced by Africans, were affected by West colonialism and by today‘s globalization. These traditional dramatic forms though still hold a high position in the lives of Africans as it is used as a mode of instruction and community governance. This study establishes and analyzes the dramatic and literary elements in the Koito festival of Tugen people of Baringo in Kenya. The study applies the theory of performance, to describe and analyze the festival. The study has also made use of qualitative research approach for data collection and analysis in communities of Tugen in Baringo County Kenya. I employed the use of interview, observation and actively participating in the Koito performance. Findings of this study affirm the existence of drama in Koito performance which is indigenous to African people. The study also assures its readers of the greater shift of Koito performance in the contemporary Tugen community. This is as a result of modernization and globalization. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... vi DEFINITION OF TERMS .................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background to the study ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Research objectives .......................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research questions ........................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Justification of the study .................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Scope and limitation ......................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 4 1.8 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................. 18 1.9 Research Hypotheses...................................................................................................... 20 1.10 Research Methodology ................................................................................................. 20 1.11 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................ 21 Works cited ............................................................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................................... 28 THE LITERARY AND DRAMATIC ELEMENTS OF KOITO TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY AMONG THE TUGEN OF BARINGO KENYA ........................................... 28 2.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 28 2.1 Dramatic and Literary Elements of Koito ...................................................................... 30 2.1.1 Plot .............................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.2 Spectacle...................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.3 Character and Characterization ................................................................................... 38 2.1.4 Setting.......................................................................................................................... 39 2.1.5 Songs ........................................................................................................................... 40 2.1.6 Rhythm ........................................................................................................................ 44 2.1.7 Dance ........................................................................................................................... 50 vi 2.1.8 Theorizing Koito traditional wedding ceremony as literary and dramatic .................. 55 2.1.9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 57 Works Cited ............................................................................................................................ 58 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 63 CONTEMPORARY KOITO CEREMONY AMONG THE TUGEN OF BARINGO COUNTY IN KENYA. ............................................................................................................ 63 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 63 3.2 Modernization theory ......................................................................................................... 67 3.2.1 Bride wealth ................................................................................................................ 67 3.2.2 Religion ....................................................................................................................... 68 3.2.3 Western Education ...................................................................................................... 70 3.3 The surviving dramatic and
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