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Gene Section Review Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL AT INIST-CNRS Gene Section Review TMSB10 (thymosin beta 10) Xueshan Qiu Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (XQ) Published in Atlas Database: March 2010 Online updated version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/TMSB10ID42595ch2p11.html DOI: 10.4267/2042/44923 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2010 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology Identity Localisation TMSB10 is expressed in cytoplasm. Other names: MIG12, TB10, THYB10 HGNC (Hugo): TMSB10 Function Location: 2p11.2 Overview: TMSB10 is a highly conserved small acid protein. It is present in many tissues and cell types. It Note: TMSB10 is a member of the beta-thymosin can sequester actin monomers and bind to G-actin in a family, which is an actin-sequestering protein involved 1:1 complex. in cell motility. TMSB10 may be correlated with tumor cells proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and Actin monomer sequestering protein: TMSB10 is angiogenesis. one of G-actin binding proteins, being expressed in all mammalian species. It can sequester monomeric actin DNA/RNA and inhibit actin polymerization. It participates in the regulation of cancer cell motility. Description Development: The expression of TMSB10 is The cDNA sequence for human TMSB10 is 482 associated with the development of several tissues. It is nucleotides long comprising 3 exons. The open reading involved in the development of the oral cavity and its frame of the coding region is 135 bp. annexes. TMSB10 plays an important role in early neuroembryogenesis. It is present in the developing Protein nervous, and has a specific physiological function during cerebellum development. TMSB10 is only Description present at very low levels in a very small subpopulation Protein length (NP_066926.1): 44 amino acids. of glia in the adult cerebellum. In young animals, most (madkpdmgeiasfdkak lkktet qekntlptketieqekrseis) of the TMSB10 is localized in granule cells, Golgi Molecular weight: 4.9 kDa. TMSB10 is a small G-actin neurons and Purkinje cells. In old animals, TMSB10 binding protein, and it induces depolymerization of signal is detected faintly in a few Purkinje cells. intracellular F-actin pools by sequestering actin Apoptosis: TMSB10 regulates apoptosis. For example, monomers. upregulation of TMSB10 in M. bovis-infected Expression macrophages is linked with increased cell death due to apoptosis. TMSB10 is found in human, rat, mouse, cat, and rabbit. TMSB10 is one of the most abundant beta-thymosins. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1166 TMSB10 (thymosin beta 10) Qiu X TMSB10 can disrupt F-actin stress fibers, markedly Breast cancer decrease ovarian cancer cells growth, and a high rate of apoptosis. TMSB10 plays a significant role in cell Note apoptosis possibly by acting as an actin-mediated TMSB10 plays a key role in sequestration of G- tumor suppressor, perhaps functions as a neoapoptotic actin as well as in breast cancer cell motility. influence during embryogenesis, and may mediate Ovarian cancer some of the pro-apoptotic anticancer actions of retinoids. Note Angiogenesis: TMSB10 may be an effective inhibitor TMSB10 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by of angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial migration, interfering Ras signal transduction and expression of tube formation, VEGF, VEGFR-1 and integrin alphaV VEGF. expression in HCAECs. TMSB10 is not only a Thyroid neoplasias cytoskeletal regulator, it also acts as a potent inhibitor Note of angiogenesis and tumor growth by interaction with TMSB10 overexpression is a general event of thyroid Ras. cell neoplastic transformation. An increased expression Cancers: Elevated expression of TMSB10 is of TMSB10 mRNA in thyroid carcinomas is found. associated with invasion and metastasis of several The evaluation of TMSB10 gene expression may be kinds of tumors. It may be considered a potential tool considered a promising means of human thyroid for the diagnosis of several human neoplasias. hyperproliferative diagnosis. By decreasing TMSB10 TMSB10 is detected mainly in the malignant tissue, expression, the thyroid cancer cells growth in soft agar particularly in the cancerous cells, whereas the normal is inhibited. cell population around the lesions showed very weak staining. Also, the intensity of staining in the cancerous Renal cell carcinoma cells is proportionally increased with the increasing Note grade of the lesions. The TMSB10 gene is deregulated in renal cell Homology carcinoma and it may be a new molecular marker for Homolog to thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 15. renal-cell carcinoma. Cutaneous melanoma Implicated in Note Pancreatic cancer TMSB10 can be considered as a new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma. Note TSMB10 is expressed in human pancreatic carcinoma, References but not in non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue, suggesting a role for TMSB10 in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic Erickson-Viitanen S, Ruggieri S, Natalini P, Horecker BL. Thymosin beta 10, a new analog of thymosin beta 4 in carcinoma. It is a promising marker and a novel mammalian tissues. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Exogenous Sep;225(2):407-13 TMSB10 causes the phosphorylation of JNK and Abiko T, Sekino H. Synthesis of deacetyl-thymosin beta 10 and increases the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-7 examination of its immunological effect on T-cell and IL-8 in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. subpopulations of a uremic patient with tuberculosis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1986 Nov;34(11):4708-17 Non-small cell lung cancer Goodall GJ, Horecker BL. Molecular cloning of the cDNA for Note rat spleen thymosin beta 10 and the deduced amino acid TMSB10 might induce microvascular and lymphatic sequence. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1987 Jul;256(1):402-5 vessel formation by up-regulating vascular endothelial McCreary V, Kartha S, Bell GI, Toback FG. Sequence of a growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor-C human kidney cDNA clone encoding thymosin beta 10. in lung cancer tissues, thus promoting the distant and Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Apr 29;152(2):862-6 lymph node metastases and being implicated in the Hall AK, Hempstead J, Morgan JI. Thymosin beta 10 levels in progression of non-small cell lung cancer. developing human brain and its regulation by retinoic acid in the HTB-10 neuroblastoma. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1990 Jul;8(2):129-35 Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010; 14(12) 1167 TMSB10 (thymosin beta 10) Qiu X Lin SC, Morrison-Bogorad M. Developmental expression of Huff T, Müller CS, Hannappel E. C-terminal truncation of mRNAs encoding thymosins beta 4 and beta 10 in rat brain thymosin beta10 by an intracellular protease and its influence and other tissues. J Mol Neurosci. 1990;2(1):35-44 on the interaction with G-actin studied by ultrafiltration. FEBS Lett. 1997 Sep 1;414(1):39-44 Hall AK. Developmental regulation of thymosin beta 10 mRNA in the human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1991 Jan;9(1- Califano D, Monaco C, Santelli G, Giuliano A, Veronese ML, 2):175-7 Berlingieri MT, de Franciscis V, Berger N, Trapasso F, Santoro M, Viglietto G, Fusco A. Thymosin beta-10 gene Hall AK. Differential expression of thymosin genes in human overexpression correlated with the highly malignant neoplastic tumors and in the developing human kidney. Int J Cancer. phenotype of transformed thyroid cells in vivo and in vitro. 1991 Jul 9;48(5):672-7 Cancer Res. 1998 Feb 15;58(4):823-8 Hall AK. Retinoic acid and serum modulation of thymosin beta- Carpintero P, Anadón R, Gómez-Márquez J. Expression of the 10 gene expression in rat neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci. thymosin beta10 gene in normal and kainic acid-treated rat 1991;2(4):229-37 forebrain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1999 Jun 18;70(1):141-6 Hall AK, Chen SC, Hempstead JL, Morgan JI. Retinoic acid Santelli G, Califano D, Chiappetta G, Vento MT, Bartoli PC, regulates thymosin beta 10 levels in rat neuroblastoma cells. J Zullo F, Trapasso F, Viglietto G, Fusco A. Thymosin beta-10 Neurochem. 1991 Feb;56(2):462-8 gene overexpression is a general event in human Lin SC, Morrison-Bogorad M. Cloning and characterization of a carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol. 1999 Sep;155(3):799-804 testis-specific thymosin beta 10 cDNA. Expression in post- Vassiliadou I, Leondiadis L, Ferderigos N, Ithakissios DS, meiotic male germ cells. J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec Evangelatos GP, Livaniou E. Investigation of the epitopic 5;266(34):23347-53 structure of thymosin beta10 by epitope mapping experiments. Lugo DI, Chen SC, Hall AK, Ziai R, Hempstead JL, Morgan JI. Peptides. 1999;20(3):411-4 Developmental regulation of beta-thymosins in the rat central Viglietto G, Califano D, Bruni P, Baldassarre G, Vento MT, nervous system. J Neurochem. 1991 Feb;56(2):457-61 Belletti B, Fedele M, Santelli G, Boccia A, Manzo G, Santoro Condon MR, Hall AK. Expression of thymosin beta-4 and M, Fusco A. Regulation of thymosin beta10 expression by TSH related genes in developing human brain. J Mol Neurosci. and other mitogenic signals in the thyroid gland and in cultured 1992;3(3):165-70 thyrocytes. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Jun;140(6):597-607 Hall AK. Retinoids and a retinoic acid receptor differentially Anadón R, Rodríguez Moldes I, Carpintero P, Evangelatos G, modulate thymosin beta 10 gene expression in transfected Livianou E, Leondiadis L, Quintela I, Cerviño MC, Gómez- neuroblastoma cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1992 Feb;12(1):45-58 Márquez J. Differential expression of thymosins beta(4) and beta(10) during rat cerebellum postnatal development. Brain Border BG, Lin SC, Griffin WS, Pardue S, Morrison-Bogorad Res. 2001 Mar 16;894(2):255-65 M.
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