TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH Number E-C172 February 2013 Roadside Safety Design and Devices International Workshop July 17, 2012 Milan, Italy TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2013 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OFFICERS Chair: Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, Virginia Vice Chair: Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing Division Chair for NRC Oversight: Susan Hanson, Distinguished University Professor Emerita, School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2012–2013 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES COUNCIL Chair: Katherine F. Turnbull, Executive Associate Director, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, College Station Technical Activities Director: Mark R. Norman, Transportation Research Board Paul Carlson, Research Engineer, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Operations and Maintenance Group Chair Thomas J. Kazmierowski, Manager, Materials Engineering and Research Office, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Toronto, Canada, Design and Construction Group Chair Ronald R. Knipling, Principal, safetyforthelonghaul.com, Arlington, Virginia, System Users Group Chair Mark S. Kross, Consultant, Jefferson City, Missouri, Planning and Environment Group Chair Joung Ho Lee, Associate Director for Finance and Business Development, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., Young Members Council Representative Peter B. Mandle, Director, LeighFisher, Inc., Burlingame, California, Aviation Group Chair Harold R. (Skip) Paul, Director, Louisiana Transportation Research Center, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, State DOT Representative Anthony D. Perl, Professor of Political Science and Urban Studies and Director, Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Rail Group Chair Steven Silkunas, Director of Business Development, Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Public Transportation Group Chair Peter F. Swan, Associate Professor of Logistics and Operations Management, Pennsylvania State, Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, Freight Systems Group Chair James S. Thiel, General Counsel, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Legal Resources Group Chair Thomas H. Wakeman, Research Professor, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, Marine Group Chair Johanna P. Zmud, Director, Transportation, Space, and Technology Program, RAND Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, Policy and Organization Group Chair Transportation Research Circular E-C172 Roadside Safety Design and Devices International Workshop July 17, 2012 Milan, Italy Prepared by the Roadside Safety Design Committee Editor Rod Troutbeck Troutbeck & Associates February 2013 Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, D.C. www.TRB.org TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CIRCULAR E-C172 The Transportation Research Board is a unit of the National Research Council, a private, nonprofit institution that is the principal operating agency of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. Under a congressional charter granted to the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council provides scientific and technical advice to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Transportation Research Board is distributing this Circular to make the information contained herein available for use by individual practitioners in state and local transportation agencies, researchers in academic institutions, and other members of the transportation research community. The information in this Circular was taken directly from the submissions of the authors. This document is not a report of the National Research Council or of the National Academy of Sciences. Design and Construction Group Thomas J. Kazmierowski, Chair Design Section Brian L. Ray, Chair Roadside Safety Design Committee Richard B. Albin, Chair Roger P. Bligh, Vice Chair Ida Van Schalkwyk, Secretary Dean C. Alberson Dean A. Focke Chuck A. Plaxico Marco Anghileri Douglas J. Gabauer Malcolm H. Ray Mark C. Ayton H. Clay Gabler Francesca Russo Micheal S. Bline Raphael H. Grzebieta Marc-Andre Seguin Brian E. Chandler Chad Heimbecker Ronald J. Seitz Bernie L. Clocksin Don Louis Ivey Barry D. Stephens Michael G. Dreznes John R. Jewell Stephen M. Summers John C. Durkos Francesca La Torre Gordon S. Thompson Gerrit A. Dyke William P. Longstreet Gavin L. Williams Ronald K. Faller Dhafer Marzougui William B. Wilson David K. Olson Stephen Maher, TRB Staff Representative Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, D.C. www.TRB.org Javy Awan, Production Editor; Jennifer J. Weeks, Layout; Jennifer Correro, Proofreading Preface his circular is a record of a meeting hosted by the International Research Subcommittee of T the Roadside Safety Design Committee in Milan, Italy, on July 17, 2012. At the 91st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board in January 2012 in Washington, D.C., the Roadside Safety Design Committee decided to hold an additional subcommittee meeting on the day preceding the I-Crash Conference. This would be the first-ever meeting of the International Research Subcommittee in Europe. The I-Crash Conference attracts an audience with interests similar to those of the International Research Subcommittee. Subcommittee members could attend both functions, which were held at the same venue, the Passive Safety Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano, through the excellent efforts of Marco Anghileri. The meeting was organized by Mike Dreznes and Rod Troutbeck, cochairs of the subcommittee. One hundred and eighteen delegates from 15 countries attended the Milan meeting of the International Research Subcommittee; Appendix B lists the attendees. Presenters were asked to submit a summary of the presentations, which are included in this circular. The papers give a sense of what was discussed and should be useful for researchers and practitioners alike. Rod Troutbeck provided editorial guidance. The meeting was a great success, and the attendees affirmed interest in conducting a similar meeting annually outside of North America. Thanks go to the Roadside Safety Design Committee members—in particular to committee Chair Dick Albin; to the Politecnico di Milano—in particular, to Marco Anghileri; to all of the presenters; and finally to TRB Staff Representative Stephen Maher. —Rod Troutbeck and Mike Dreznes Cochairs, International Research Subcommittee of the Roadside Safety Design Committee iii Contents Overview of Workshop Themes ...................................................................................................1 Rod Troutbeck SESSION 1: ASSESSMENT PRACTICES MASH Compared to NCHRP 350 ................................................................................................7 Mike Dreznes Can EN 1317 and NCHRP 350–MASH Be Used Interchangeably? .......................................11 Jason Hubbell Current Status of EN 1317: U.S.–Europe Test Result Mutual Recognition...........................22 Marco Anghileri EN 1317 and CE Marking Versus National Regulations .........................................................28 Franz M. Muller Latest Update to the British Vehicle Restraint Assessment Process .......................................38 Martin Heath SESSION 2: SAFE SYSTEMS Introduction (or Reintroduction) to the Safe System Approach .............................................51 Raphael Grzebieta, Lori Mooren, and Soames Job Real-World Implications of the Safe System Approach ...........................................................59 J. Marten Hiekmann Improving Roadside Design to Forgive Human Errors: Forgiving Roadside Design Guideline ........................................................................................64 Francesca La Torre END Turned-Down ENDs ...........................................................................................................75 Mike Dreznes END Turned-Down ENDs: How the United Kingdom Accomplished It ................................82 Steve Powell End Treatments of Safety Barriers: Best Practices and Challenges in Germany .................84 Uwe Ellmers SESSION 3: BEST PRACTICES Best Practices and Strategies to Reduce Fatal or Serious Injury Crashes into Guardrail Posts by Motorcyclists: United Kingdom Experience......................89 Gavin Williams Best Practices and Strategies to Reduce Fatal or Serious Injury Crashes into Guardrail Posts by Motorcyclists: Australian Experience ................................93 Raphael Grzebieta, Mike Bambach, and Andrew McIntosh Best Practices and Strategies to Reduce Fatal or Serious Injury Crashes into Obstacles and Road Equipment: Swedish Experience.....................................106 Åke Löfqvist v Best Practices and Strategies to Reduce Fatal or Serious Injury Crashes into Trees and Posts: Germany Experiences ............................................................111 Frank Brandt Best Practices and Strategies to Reduce Fatal or Serious Injury Crashes into Posts and Luminaire Supports: United States and Other International Experiences ........... 113 Art Dinitz EN 12767: Passive Safety of Support Structures for Road Equipment ................................116 Carolien Willems SESSION 4: NEW ROAD SAFETY PRODUCTS