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Vietnamese Dong (22,400 VND = 1 US$) SFG1718 REV MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT ON REGIONAL SOCIAL ASSESSMENT FOR MEKONG DELTA INTEGRATED CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIKHOODS PROJECT (MD-ICRSL) Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by: IUCN&VAWR (FINAL DRAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION) Public Disclosure Authorized Hà Nội - 03/2016 0 Mekong Delta Integrated Climate Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Project Regional Social Assessment Revision March 2016 1 CONTENTS Acronyms.................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Project Description ............................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2. Regional Socio-Economic Context.................................................................................................................. 22 2.1 General Economic Context ................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 General Social Context: Region and Province ...................................................................................... 23 2.2.1 Population and population growth rateS ........................................................................................ 23 2.2.2 Population density of provinces....................................................................................................... 24 2.2.3 Migration in and out of provinces.................................................................................................... 25 2.2.4 Ethnicity............................................................................................................................................ 26 2.2.5 Income and income distribution ...................................................................................................... 27 2.2.6 Poverty in provinces ......................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.7 Employment ..................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.8 Gender issues ................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2.9 Land Use Patterns and Agriculture .................................................................................................. 31 2.3 Vulnerable Populations in the Mekong Delta ...................................................................................... 31 2.3.1 Rural Landless and Land-Poor .......................................................................................................... 31 2.3.2 Ethnic Minorities .............................................................................................................................. 33 2.4 Current Livelihood Models ................................................................................................................... 34 2.4.1 Current livelihood models in the Upper Delta ................................................................................. 34 2.4.2 Current livelihood models in the estuaries and Ca Mau Peninsula ................................................. 38 3. Socio-Economic and Vulnerability Assessments of Adaptation Models........................................................ 41 3.1 Socio-Economic and Vulnerability Assessment of Flood-Related Community Adaptation Models .... 41 3.1.1 Proposed Flood-Related Adaptation Models................................................................................... 41 3.1.2 Climate Change Vulnerabilities (SP1, SP2 – An GiaNG; SP3 – Dong Thap) ...................................... 42 3.1.3 Environmental threats (SP1, SP2 – An GiaNG; SP3 – Dong Thap) ................................................... 44 3.1.4 Basic Financial analysis of Flood Related Adaptation models (SP1, SP2 – An GiaNG; SP3 – Dong Thap) 44 2 3.1.5 Social Issues in Flood Related Adaptation Models .......................................................................... 47 3.2 Socio-Economic and Vulnerability Assessment of Brackish Water Community Adaptation Models .. 53 3.2.1 Proposed Brackish Water Adaptation Models ................................................................................. 53 3.2.2 Climate Change Vulnerabilities ........................................................................................................ 58 3.2.3 Environmental Issues ....................................................................................................................... 61 3.2.4 Basic Financial Analysis of Brackish Water Adaptation Models ...................................................... 62 3.2.5 Social Issues in Brackish Water Adaptation Models ........................................................................ 66 4. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 75 4.1 Addressing Climate and Environmental Vulnerabilities ....................................................................... 75 4.1.1 Structural works To Support Livelihoods ......................................................................................... 75 4.1.2 Water quality And Zoning/Land USe Planning ................................................................................. 76 4.1.5 Groundwater extraction and Land Subsidence ............................................................................... 76 4.3 Addressing Social Vulnerability ............................................................................................................ 77 4.2.1 Farmer Willingness to Adopt Livelihood Adaptation Models .......................................................... 77 4.2.2 Addressing Market Risks .................................................................................................................. 77 4.2.3 Diversity of and Within Adaptation Models .................................................................................... 78 4.2.4 Farmer Support ................................................................................................................................ 78 4.2.5 Poverty and Landlessness ................................................................................................................ 80 4.2.6 Public consultation and participation .............................................................................................. 81 4.2.7 Sluice Gates and Waterway transportation ..................................................................................... 82 5. RSA Implementation Plan .............................................................................................................................. 74 References.............................................................................................................................................................. 81 Annex 1. Sub-project summaries ........................................................................................................................... 82 Annex 2: Focus group interview guide ................................................................................................................... 92 Annex 3. Household Survey Questionnaire ........................................................................................................... 95 Annex 4. Photos of focus group meetings ........................................................................................................... 116 3 ACRONYMS % per cent °C degree Celsius ha hectare kg kilogram km kilometres km² square kilometres m metres m² square metre ppt parts per thousand VND Vietnamese Dong (22,400 VND = 1 US$) ASS Acid Sulphate Soils CTU Can Tho University DARD Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development DoNRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FS Feasibility Study GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MDICRSL Mekong Delta Integrated Climate Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Project MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment PC People’s Committee PFES Payment for Forest Environmental Services PMU Project Management Unit PPC Provincial People’s Committee SIA Social Impact Assessment SLR Sea Level Rise SP Sub-Project WB World Bank 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Regional Social Assessment has been produced in order to support the preparation of the Mekong Delta Integrated Climate Resilience and Sustainable
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