DOCSLIB.ORG

A Homoeopathic Drug Proving of Trachyspermum Ammi Dr Ajith Kumar D S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Homoeopathic Drug Proving of Trachyspermum Ammi Dr Ajith Kumar D S A Homoeopathic Drug Proving of Trachyspermum Ammi Dr Ajith Kumar D S Introduction Homoeopathy is a specialised system of therapeutics based on the law of healing - Similia Similibus Curentur which means ‘let likes be treated by likes’. Homoeopathy offers a life of service to humanity and it is the only method of healing that surely sets the sick person on the permanent road to recovery. Experimentation of a drug on healthy human beings to ascertain its pathogenetic properties is peculiar to the art & science of homoeopathy. These pathogenetic recordings form the foundation and basis of Homoeopathic Materia Medica and selection of Homoeopathic similimum. Every Homoeopathic prescription is based on a comparison between the portrait of the disease and the drug picture obtained through drug proving. The law of Similars states that any substance which can produce a totality of symptoms in a healthy human being can cure that totality of symptoms in a sick human being. Ever since the first drug proving of CINCHONA by Dr. Hahnemann the methodology of drug proving have been improved & undergone many modifications. Hahnemann’s discovery of dynamisation of medicines is of the greatest importance to the development of the methodology of drug proving. By drug dynamisation the therapeutic virtue of crude drugs are activated, the toxicity of poisonous substances are annulled and the inert substances are aroused to activity so that the proving becomes more effective. Proving of drugs on healthy human beings is a superior method when compared to proving on animals or sick persons. The effects of drugs on animals & human beings are different. Subjective symptoms cannot be studied in animals. An attempt to study the action of drugs on sick persons defeats its own purpose because the positive action of a drug is liable to be vitiated by the already existing disease in the organism. Now the Homoeopathic Materia Medica is enriched with the provings of a vast number of drugs from all sources i.e. from vegetable kingdom, animal kingdom, minerals, nosodes, sarcodes, imporadablia & synthetic sources. The plant kingdom is the largest source of Homoeopathic medicines. A continuing supply of high quality provings is essential for the progress of Homoeopathy. A good many Homoeopathic remedies are now being prepared from indigenous plants & herbs of India. The medicinal use of herbs & plants are mentioned in the Rig-Veda & widely used in Ayurvedic system of Medicine. Many of these drugs after proving on healthy human beings & used homoeopathically have found to effect magnificent cures. It is the duty of homoeopathic physician of India to make homoeopathic provings of these indigenous drugs & their by enrich our Materia Medica. This is a humble effort made by me to homoeopathically prove Trachyspermum ammi, a well known Ayurvedic medicine which is commonly known as ‘Ayamodakam’. It is an aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, carminative & laxative. It is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine in the treatment for ascites, abdominal tumours, and enlargement of the spleen, piles, vomiting, abdominal pains, biliousness, toothache & good for the heart. The Homoeopathic drug proving of Trachyspermum ammi helps to unfold the therapeutic virtues of the drug, so that after repeated provings & clinical verifications, it can be added to our homoeopathic Materia Medica and can be prescribed to the sick according to homoeopathic principles. “We are here to add what we can to, Not to get what we can from, LIFE” - William Osler AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To introduce a new drug (Trachyspermum ammi) into Homoeopathic Materia Medica. To elicit the symptomatology of the same through Homoeopathic drug proving. To substantiate the symptomatology of Trachyspermum ammi with synthesis Repertory. www.similima.com Page 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE THE CONCEPT OF DRUG PROVING Drug proving is the method for ascertaining the pathogenetic power (disease producing) of drugs and hence the method for ascertaining the curative power of drugs. Drugs are substances which possess the power of altering when used on human system (body, mind and vital force). In health they can produce illness and when used correctly in illness can restore us to health. Proving (5, 9, 10, 25, 48, 50 & 85) is a commonly used word in Homoeopathy. It is derived from the German word ‘Prufung’, which Hahnemann used for referring to Homoeopathic drug experiments (Trials) on healthy human volunteers. This word when translated into English means Trial. Hahnemann states in the aphorism 105 0f the Organon of Medicine, 6th edition as - "The second point of the business of a true physician relates to acquiring a knowledge of the instruments intended for the cure of the natural diseases, investigating the pathogenetic power of the medicines, in order, when called on to cure, to be able to select from among them, one, from the list of whose symptoms an artificial disease may be constructed, as similar as possible to the totality of the principle symptoms of the natural disease sought to be cured." Homoeopathic drug proving is a process in which the medicinal substance is administered in a systematic way to the healthy human beings over a period of days, just sufficient to initiate a reaction in the vital principle of the human economy and to record the pathogenesis produced by them on the provers. Carefully conducted Homoeopathic Drug proving on a healthy human being furnishes the true picture & knowledge of a drug that forms the base for the selection of the similimum. EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF DRUG PROVING (14, 15, 17, 18, 20) It was Albrecht von Haller, who besides Hahnemann saw the necessity of this genuine mode of testing medicines for their pure and peculiar effects in deranging the health of man, in order to learn what morbid state each medicine is capable of curing (footnote to aphorism 108). Haller said - "Indeed, a medicine must first of all be assayed in a healthy body, without any foreign admixture. When the odour and taste have been examined, a small dose must be taken and attention must be paid to every change that occurs, to the pulse, the temperature, respiration and excretions. Then having examined the symptoms encountered in the healthy person, one may proceed to trials in the body of a sick person." Hahnemann was competent in different languages (he knew 14 languages) and used to translate many works of considerable significance. In 1790 while translating “A treatise on Materia Medica” (second volume) by Dr. William Cullen who was a leading teacher, chemist & Physician in Edinburgh, from English to German language, Hahnemann came across the statement made by Dr Cullen in the book regarding the action of Cinchona bark in the cure of ague. i.e., by virtue of bitterness and the tonic effect on the stomach, the drug cured ague. Dr. Cullen was the authority of Materia Medica on that time. But this explanation did not satisfy Hahnemann as there were plenty of bitter drugs but not possessing the ague curative power. He thought of testing the positive action of cinchona bark on his own body. Hahnemann therefore resolved to ascertain, by the natural method of experience, wherein lay the power of cinchona bark to allay intermittent fever. He says - "I took for several days, as an experiment, four drachms of good Cinchona twice daily. 'My feet and finger tips, etc at first became cold; I became languid and drowsy; then my heart began to palpate, my pulse became hard and quick; an intolerable anxiety and trembling (but without a rigor), prostration in all the limbs, then pulsation in the head, redness of the cheeks, thirst; briefly, all the symptoms usually associated with intermittent fever appeared in succession, yet without the actual rigour. To sum up: all those symptoms which to me are typical of intermittent fever, as the stupefaction of the senses, a kind of rigidity of all joints, but above all the numb, disagreeable sensation which seems to have its seat in the periosteum over all the bones of the body - all made their appearance. This paroxysm lasted from two to three hours every time, and recurred when I repeated the dose, not otherwise. I discontinued the medicine and I was once more in good health'." i.e., Hahnemann experienced symptoms similar to ague after taking this drug. He had discovered a great principle – The drugs cure diseases that it can produce on a healthy person. This event led to the development of a new therapeutic system – Homoeopathy. Drug after drug, specific after specific was tested by Hahnemann on himself and on his family and friends, all with one result - each remedy of recognized specific power excited a spurious disease resembling that for which it was considered specific. He verified www.similima.com Page 2 his discoveries and observations by exploring volumes of recorded experiments on Materia Medica and history of poisonings. Hahnemann made the induction that diseases which were cured by medicines are by the virtue of the power of the medicines to produce symptoms similar to those of diseases which it cured. After six years of careful study & observations he formulated the principle “Similia similibus curentur” (16 & 17) – Let likes be treated by likes. He published an article in 1796 in Hufeland’s journal under the title “An essay on a new principle for ascertaining the curative power of drugs” in which he propounded the Homoeopathic therapeutic rule. In a few years more he was able to give an array of medicinal substances whose pure pathogenetic action he had ascertained by experiments on himself, his family & few friends. The results of the laborious & pains taking experiments were published in 1805 in “Fragmenta De Viribus Medica mentorum positivis sive Insano Corporo Humano observatis”. It is the first published Materia Medica by Dr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (Except Rubiaceae)
    Edited by K. Kubitzki Volume XV Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Joachim W. Kadereit · Volker Bittrich (Eds.) THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki Flowering Plants Á Eudicots XV Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Volume Editors: Joachim W. Kadereit • Volker Bittrich With 85 Figures Editors Joachim W. Kadereit Volker Bittrich Johannes Gutenberg Campinas Universita¨t Mainz Brazil Mainz Germany Series Editor Prof. Dr. Klaus Kubitzki Universita¨t Hamburg Biozentrum Klein-Flottbek und Botanischer Garten 22609 Hamburg Germany The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 ISBN 978-3-319-93605-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961008 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Iranian Carum Copticum (L.) : Composition and Biological Activities
    European Journal of Medicinal Plants 12(1): 1-8, 2016, Article no.EJMP.17584 ISSN: 2231-0894, NLM ID: 101583475 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org A Review on Iranian Carum copticum (L.) : Composition and Biological Activities Bahman Fazeli-nasab 1* and Ziba Fooladvand 1 1Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Iran. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Authors BFN and ZF designed the study, wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/EJMP/2016/17584 Editor(s): (1) Ahmed Moussa, Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Mostaganem University, Algeria. (2) Marcello Iriti, Professor of Plant Biology and Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Italy. Reviewers: (1) Daniela Benedec, Iuliu Ha țieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania. (2) Daniela Hanganu, Iuliu Ha țieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania. (3) Banu Kaskatepe, Ankara University, Turkey. (4) Anonymous, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. (5) Anonymous, Amity University, India. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/12409 Received 19 th March 2015 th Review Article Accepted 15 July 2015 Published 24 th November 2015 ABSTRACT Aims: This paper examined thoroughly chemical composition and biological properties of Carum copticum. Study Design: Introduction on curtain characteristic of medicinal Ajowan ( Carum copticum (L.)). Place and Duration of Study: Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Zabol, 2015. Introduction: Carum copticum medicinal plant with the scientific name of Carum copticum Heirn is belong to Umbelliferae family and Trachyspermum copticum genus and the Latin name of the species Ajowan is also similar to the local pronunciation Sistani ajqu.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition of Trachyspermum Ammi L. and Its
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(3): 131-140 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Chemical composition of Trachyspermum ammi L. and JPP 2017; 6(3): 131-140 Received: 04-03-2017 its biological properties: A review Accepted: 05-04-2017 KK Chahal KK Chahal, K Dhaiwal, A Kumar, D Kataria and N Singla Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Abstract Trachyspermum ammi L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as ajwain is an important medicinal, aromatic K Dhaiwal and spice plant. It was originated in Egypt and widely distributed throughout the World. Ajwain seeds Department of Chemistry, yield 2-5% brownish essential oil, with thymol as the major constituent along with p-cymene, γ- Punjab Agricultural University, terpinene, α-pinene, β-pinene and α-terpinene. Due to presence of various chemical constituents in Ludhiana, Punjab, India ajwain, various biological and pharmacological properties have been reported. The present study is an effort to collect all the information regarding chemical composition and biological activities of ajwain. A Kumar Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Keywords: Trachyspermum ammi (L.), Essential oil, Chemical composition, Biological properties Ludhiana, Punjab, India 1. Introduction D Kataria Natural products, such as essential oils are produced by the secondary metabolism in plants. Department of Chemistry, Their constituents are used in human consumption as functional food, food additives, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India medicines, nutritional supplements and for the manufacture of cosmetics (Burt and Reinders [15] 2003) . The volatile components of essential oils mainly consist of monoterpenes, N Singla sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives such as alcohols, aldehyde, ketones, acids and Department of Chemistry, esters (Suntar et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacological and Phytochemical Profile of Trachyspermum Ammi
    International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine 2020; 4(2): 19-23 E-ISSN: 2616-4558 P-ISSN: 2616-454X IJUIM 2020; 4(2): 19-23 Pharmacological and phytochemical profile of Impact Factor (RJIF): 6.3 Peer Reviewed Journal Trachyspermum ammi: evidence from the traditional Received: 18-06-2020 medicine and recent research Accepted: 22-08-2020 Dr. Md. Abdur Razzak Assistant Professor, Hamdard Dr. Md. Abdur Razzak Unani Medical College and Hospital, Betgari, Banani, Abstract Sajahanpur, Bogra. Medicinal plants always played an important role in the health development of mankind. Bangladesh Trachyspermum ammi is one of the oldest spice plants which, due to its economic importance and significant pharmaceutical industry applications, are considered as one of the world’s most important medicinal plants. In order to gather the information the keywords Trachyspermum ammi, therapeutic, and pharmacology have been searched until August 30, 2020 from journals accessible in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Embase, SID, and Iran Medex. The results showed that this plant has various pharmacological properties including analgesic, antioxidant, digestive, anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, Anti-bacterial and estrogenic effects which are probably due to the presence of aromatic compounds such as carvone, limonene, thymol, hygroscopic saponin, crystalline flavone and dillapiole. Trachyspermum ammi possesses various pharmacological properties and play an important role in human health; hence, it might be used for different drug productions. Keywords: medicinal plants, Trachyspermum ammi, unani medicine, analgesic, digestive, anti- inflammatory Introduction Trachyspermum ammi Linn, belonging to Umbelliferae family, is a plant with important medicinal properties. Trachyspermum ammi is native of Egypt and grows widely around Mediterranean Sea and in Southwest Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti Bacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Trachyspermum Ammi – an in Vitro Approach
    International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences ISSN (Online): 2581-3277 Anti Bacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Trachyspermum Ammi – An In Vitro Approach Mohammed Sayeed, Jonah Ratna Paul Patchigalla, Revathi Oggu, Rupa Ravali Ponna Srinivas, Sri Navya Pajjuru, Vasudha Bakshi, Narender Boggula* School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Telangana, India 500 088 Email address: [email protected], Mobile: +91 9666 55 2211 Abstract—Treatment with medicinal plants is considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects. Trachyspermum ammi is a folklore medicinal plant. The roots, seeds and leaves are used in traditional & folklore Medicine. The study was carried out to ascertain the anti bacterial properties present in ethanol extract of dried scale leaves of Trachyspermum ammi. The Anti bacterial testing of leaves extract Trachyspermum ammi was evaluated by Cup Plate Method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by Broth Dilution Method using gram positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The potent activity was observed at 300µg/ml and other concentrations also shown the as well. The extract was more active against Gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella and E. coli and did not show the marked activity on Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus. It is considered as a valuable source of natural products for development of medicines against various diseases. Keywords— Trachyspermum ammi, ajwain, broth dilution, cup plate method, phytochemicals, flavonoids, anti- bacterial activity. plants parts is used for extracts as raw drugs and they possess I. INTRODUCTION varied medicinal properties. Medicinal plants are considerably s our lifestyle is now getting techno-savvy, we are useful and economically essential.
    [Show full text]
  • IJB-Vol-11-No-1-P-13
    Int. J. Biosci. 2017 International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 131-140, 2017 RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Thin layer chromatographic profiling and phytochemical screening of six medicinal plants in Bangladesh Tanvir Ahamed1, S. K. Mizanur Rahman2, Abdullah Mohammad Shohael*1 1Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh Key words: Medicinal plant, Phytochemical, Rf value, Secondary metabolite, TLC http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/11.1.131-140 Article published on July 11, 2017 Abstract Medicinal plants contain different bioactive compounds which have great importance to the health of individuals and communities. These compounds produce definite physiological action on the human body. The present study was carried out to verify the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) profiling and phytochemical screening of water and ethanol extracts of six different plant parts in Bangladesh. These are Young Mango fruit, Radhuni leaves, Dill leaves, Thankuni leaves, Mature Chalta fruit and Olive fruit. Phytochemical screening was performed by various qualitative methods and TLC profiling was carried out using a various solvent system of varying polarity. Qualitative phytochemical determination by chemical test reflects the presence of alkaloid, steroid, saponin, tannin, leucoanthocyanin, coumarin, flavonoid, reducing sugar, glycoside and phenol in different plants. TLC profiling of these plants were carried out using different solvents of ethanol extracts and it showed different Rf value. The results obtained in the present investigation indicated that the six plants are rich source of various secondary metabolites.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of a Partially Purified Carom (Trachyspermum Ammi) Extract and Its Influence on Starch Functionality and Digestibility
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Characterization of a Partially Purified Carom (Trachyspermum ammi) Extract and Its Influence on Starch Functionality and Digestibility A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Food Technology (MFoodTech) at Massey University (Manawatu Campus), New Zealand Ramesh Kumar 2016 1 ABSTRACT The interactions between starches and the components in spices and herbs have been poorly studied so far. This study investigated the preliminary effects of thirty-six different spices and herbs on pasting properties of rice starch. It largely concentrated on the characterization of a partially purified carom extract (from the dried fruit of the Trachyspermum ammi plant) and its influence on the structural, thermal, pasting properties and digestibility of native rice starch. Rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography coupled with a multi-angle laser light scattering, zeta potential, hot-stage optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in-vitro starch digestion analysis were carried out to characterise the carom extract and starch-carom system. The results showed that carom, cumin, fennel, mulberry leaf, perilla leaf, neem and coriander seed extracts showed peak and final viscosity-suppressing effect, while mesona, rosemary, green tea, thyme, and clove extracts showed peak viscosity-enhancing effect on rice starch during starch pasting. The water-soluble fraction of carom had the highest degree of viscosity-suppressing effect as compared to other spices and herbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Clades Within Apiaceae Subfamily Apioideae As Inferred by Phylogenetic Analysis of Nrdna ITS Sequences
    Plant Div. Evol. Vol. 128/1–2, 111–136 E Stuttgart, August 20, 2010 Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences By Stephen R. Downie, Krzysztof Spalik, Deborah S. Katz-Downie and Jean-Pierre Reduron With 1 figure and 2 tables Abstract Downie, S.R., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie, D.S. & Reduron, J.-P.: Major clades within Apiaceae subfam- ily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. — Plant Div. Evol. 128: 111–136. 2010. — ISSN 1869-6155. The results of phylogenetic analyses of 1240 nrDNA ITS sequences of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae, representing 292 genera and 959 species from all major clades of the subfamily except those most basally branching, were compared to a preexisting phylogenetic classification for the group based on several molecular markers and a smaller sampling of taxa. This was done to confirm previously defined tribal and generic limits and to identify additional major clades and genera whose monophyly and relationships can be tested in future studies. All species for which ITS data are available in Gen- Bank plus newly obtained sequences for 53 additional taxa were considered for inclusion in this study and their simultaneous analysis permitted misidentifications and other problematic sequences to be revealed. Analyses of these ITS data, in conjunction with results of recently published molecular stud- ies, identified 41 major clades in Apioideae, of which 21 have already been recognized at the tribal or subtribal rank. No major changes to the preexisting phylogenetic classification of Apioideae are pro- posed, other than the recognition of additional major clades and the expansion of others to accom- modate increased sampling.
    [Show full text]
  • World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Kumar Et Al
    World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Kumar et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF Impact Research Factor 8.084 Volume 10, Issue 6, 724-736. Review Article ISSN 2277–7105 TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI(AJWAIN): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 1*Abhijeet Kumar and 2Dr. Ambrish Kumar Singh 1Ug Scholar, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, RGSC, BHU. 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, RGSC, BHU. ABSTRACT Article Received on 05 April 2021, Ajwain is the dripe ripe seeds of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) sprague, Revised on 26 April 2021, belonging to family Apiaceae is the distributed throughout of India and Accepted on 16 May 2021 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20216-20569 it is mostly cultivated in Gujarat and Rajasthan. The plant is used traditionally as a stimulant, carminative, flatulence, atonic dyspepsia, *Corresponding Author diarrhoea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, piles and bronchial Abhijeet Kumar problems, lack of appetite, galactogogue, asthma and ammenorrhoea. Ug Scholar, Faculty of Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological Ayurveda, IMS, RGSC, activities like antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, BHU. cytotoxic activity, Hypolipidaemic, Antihypertensive, antispasmodic, Broncho-dilating actions, antilithiasis, diuretic, Abortifacients, Antitussive, nematicidal, anthelmintic and antifilarial activity. over the past decades many reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journal describing its nutritional and medicinal properties.the available literature on this plant divulges that it contains many phytoconstituents including carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compound, volatile oil (thymol, Y-terpinene, paracymene, and alpha and Bita pinene), protein, fat, fibre, and mineral matter containing calcium, phosphorus, iron and nicotinic acid. the present review summarize the information concerning, the pharmacognostic, phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of Trachyspermum ammi.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Medicinal Species Securing a Healthy Future
    IUCN The World Conservation Union Conserving Medicinal Species Securing a Healthy Future Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group. Asia Conserving Medicinal Species Securing a Healthy Future Edited by Sriyanie Miththapala The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this book do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group, Asia Asian Regional Office The World Conservation Union (IUCN). IUCN The World Conservation Union Copyright: © 2006, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Example of citation: Kumar, P. (2006). The Economics of Medicinal Plants: Are High Commercial Values Enough to Ensure Biodiversity Conservation?. Pp 9 -15 in Conserving Medicinal Species: securing a healthy future. Miththapala, S. (ed) IUCN: Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group, Asia 184 pp ISBN: 955-8177-41-5 Cover photograph: Medicinal plants for sale at the Bangalore market Photo credit: Anna Lawrence Produced by: Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group, Asia The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Artwork and layout Global Catch (Design Studio) Printed by: Gunaratne Offset Available from: Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group, Asia 53, Horton Place.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Putative Genes Involved In
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify putative genes involved in thymol biosynthesis Received: 12 October 2017 Accepted: 22 August 2018 pathway in medicinal plant Published: xx xx xxxx Trachyspermum ammi L. Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh1, Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori1, Vahid Shariati J.2,3 & Mahboubeh Amiripour1 Thymol, as a dietary monoterpene, is a phenol derivative of cymene, which is the major component of the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.). It shows multiple biological activities: antifungal, antibacterial, antivirus and anti-infammatory. T. ammi, commonly known as ajowan, belongs to Apiaceae and is an important medicinal seed spice. To identify the putative genes involved in thymol and other monoterpene biosynthesis, we provided transcriptomes of four inforescence tissues of two ajowan ecotypes, containing diferent thymol yield. This study has detected the genes encoding enzymes for the go-between stages of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. A large number of unigenes, diferentially expressed between four inforescence tissues of two ajowan ecotypes, was revealed by a transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, diferentially expressed unigenes encoding dehydrogenases, transcription factors, and cytochrome P450s, which might be associated with terpenoid diversity in T. ammi, were identifed. The sequencing data obtained in this study formed a valuable repository of genetic information for an understanding of the formation of the main constituents of ajowan essential oil and functional analysis of thymol-specifc genes. Comparative transcriptome analysis led to the development of new resources for a functional breeding of ajowan. Terpenoids are the biggest group of plant secondary metabolites, and interest in isolated terpenoids has been growing in recent years due to their pharmaceutical or pharmacological utility.
    [Show full text]
  • Trachyspermum Ammi
    PHCOG REV. REVIEW ARTICLE Trachyspermum ammi Ranjan Bairwa, R. S. Sodha, B. S. Rajawat School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Submitted: 24-07-2010 Revised: 05-08-2011 Published: 08-05-2012 ABSTRACT Trachyspermum ammi commonly known as ‘Ajwain’ is distributed throughout India and is mostly cultivated in Gujarat and Rajasthan. The fruit possesses stimulant, antispasmodic and carminative properties and is used traditionally as an important remedial agent for flatulence, atonic dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pains, piles, and bronchial problems, lack of appetite, galactogogue, asthma and amenorrhoea. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities like antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, broncho-dilating actions, antilithiasis, diuretic, abortifacient, antitussive, nematicidal, anthelmintic and antifilarial. Further, studies reveal the presence of various phytochemical constituents mainly carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, volatile oil (thymol, γ-terpinene, para-cymene, and α- and β-pinene), protein, fat, fiber and mineral matter containing calcium, phosphorous, iron and nicotinic acid. These studies reveal that T. ammi is a source of medicinally active compounds and have various pharmacological effects; hence, it is encouraging to find its new therapeutic uses. Key words: Apiaceae, antimicrobial, ajwain, fruit (seed), trachyspermum ammi INTRODUCTION dyspepsia and diarrhea.[5] The seed of ajwain is bitter, pungent and it acts as anthelmintic, carminative, laxative, and stomachic. It Trachyspermum ammi is a native of Egypt and is cultivated in Iraq, also cures abdominal tumors, abdominal pains and piles.[6] Seeds Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. In India, it is cultivated in contain an essential oil containing about 50% thymol which is a Madhyapardesh, Uttarpardesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, strong germicide, anti-spasmodic and fungicide.
    [Show full text]