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Beekeeping Glossary

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Beekeeping Glossary Beekeeping Glossary Version: 1/19/2018 A Abdomen – the posterior or third region of the body of a bee enclosing the honey stomach, true stomach, intestine, sting, and reproductive organs. Absconding swarm – a swarm composed of an entire colony of bees abandons the hive due to disease, pests, parasites, or other maladies. Africanized Honey Bee (AHB) - a race of bees, Apis mellifera scutellata. Created in an attempt to increase bee production. Highly productive and also highly aggressive. Afterswarm - the secondary or tertiary swarm that leave the hive after the first swarm of the season. Afterswarms usually have virgin queens. Alighting Board – a small projection or platform at the entrance of the hive. Also referred to as a Landing Board. American foulbrood (AFB) – a brood disease of honey bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus larvae. Ambrosia - see Bee bread Anaphylactic shock – constriction of the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes of a human, caused by hypersensitivity to venom and potentially resulting in death unless immediate medical attention is received. Antenna - pl. antennae - the long, thin sensory organs on the bee's head, used for taste and smell. Anther - a component of the flower where pollen grains are produced. Part of the stamen. Apiary – colonies, hives, and other equipment assembled in one location for beekeeping operations; bee yard. Apiculture – the science and art of raising honey bees. Apis mellifera – scientific name of the honey bee found in the United States. Attendants - worker bees that are attending the queen. When used in the context of queens in cages, these are the workers that are added to the cage to care for the queen. Attendants feed, groom and clean the queen. B Balling - worker bees surrounding a queen either to confine her because they reject her, or to confine her to protect her. Banking queens - putting multiple caged queens in a nuc or hive. Bearding - when bees congregate on the front of the hive. Bee bread – a mixture of collected pollen and nectar or honey, deposited in the cells of a comb to be used as food by the bees. Also referred to as ambrosia. Bee bread is a creation made with around 25% honey or nectar and 70% pollen, and 5% bee saliva. Bees pack it tightly in comb cells. After a few weeks of fermentation, the bee bread is ready to be used to feed the bees. Bee brush – a brush or whisk broom used to remove bees from combs. Bee escape – a device used to remove bees from honey supers and buildings by permitting bees to pass one way but preventing their return. Bee glue - Propolis - Plant resin that bees collect and use in the hive to seal cracks and soften rough edges. See Propolis. Essex County Beekeepers' Association 1 Bee-haver - a derogatory term for a person who owns bees but who lacks skills and knowledge to effectively care for them. Beehive – a box or receptacle with movable frames, used for housing a colony of bees. Bee metamorphosis – the three stages through which a bee passes before reaching maturity: egg, larva, and pupa. Bees nest - where bees raise their young. May be large (as in honeybees) or individual (as in bumble bees or mason bees). The nest may be in a hollow cavity either above or below ground depending on the species. Bee space – 1/4 to 3/8-inch space between combs and hive parts in which bees build no comb or deposit only a small amount of propolis. Beeswax – a complex mixture of organic compounds secreted by special glands on the last four visible segments on the ventral side of the worker bee’s abdomen and used for building comb. Its melting point is from 143.6 to 147.2 degrees F. Bee venom – the poison secreted by special glands attached to the stinger of the bee. Bee yard - an apiary Biodiversity - the relative abundance and variety of plant and animal species and ecosystems within a particular habitat. Boardman Feeder - a device for feeding bees that consists of an inverted jar with an attachment allowing access to the hive entrance. Bottom board – the floor of a beehive. Bottom supering - the act of placing honey supers under all the existing honey supers, directly on top of the brood box. The theory is the bees will work it better when its directly above the brood chamber as opposed to TOP supering which would be just putting the supers on top of the existing supers. Brace comb – a bit of comb built between two combs to fasten them together, between a comb and adjacent wood, or between two wooden parts such as top bars. Brood – bees not yet emerged from their cells: eggs, larvae, and pupae. Brood chamber – the part of the hive in which the brood is reared; may include one or more hive bodies and the combs within. Buckfast - a race of bees developed by Brother Adam of Buckfast Abbey. Tend to rob like the Italians, but more resistant to tracheal mites. Burr comb - disorganized comb that bees build in random locations in the hive. C Capped brood – pupae whose cells have been sealed with a porous cover by mature bees to isolate them during their nonfeeding pupal period; also called sealed brood. Cappings – the thin wax covering of cells full of honey; the cell coverings after they are sliced from the surface of a honey-filled comb. Carniolan - a race of bees, Apis mellifera carnica. These are darker brown to black and in theory are better in northern climates. They are reported by some to be less productive than Italian bees. Castes – the three types of bees that comprise the adult population of a honey bee colony: workers, drones, and queen. Caucasian - a race of bees, Apis mellifera caucasia. They are silver gray to dark brown color. They propolize excessively. Reputed to be more gentle than Italians and less prone to robbing. Cell – the hexagonal compartment of a honey comb. Chilled brood – immature bees that have died from exposure to cold; commonly caused by mismanagement. Chunk honey – honeycomb cut from frames and placed in jars along with liquid honey. Essex County Beekeepers' Association 2 Clarifying – process of filtering or removing visible foreign material from honey or wax to increase its purity. Cluster – a large group of bees hanging together, one upon another. Cocoon - protective covering around the pupae. Colony – the aggregate of worker bees, drones, queen, and developing brood living together as a family unit in a hive or other dwelling. Comb – a mass of six-sided cells made by honey bees in which brood is reared and honey and pollen are stored; composed of two layers united at their bases. Comb foundation – a commercially made structure consisting of thin sheets of beeswax with the cell bases of worker cells embossed on both sides in the same manner as they are produced naturally by honey bees. Comb honey – honey produced and sold in the comb, in either thin wooden sections (4 x 4 inches or 4 x 5 inches) or circular plastic frames. Cordovan - a race of bees which is a subset of the Italians. It's technically just a color. Slightly more gentle, slightly more likely to rob and quite striking to look at. They have no black on them and look very yellow with purplish brown legs and head. Creamed honey – honey which has been allowed to crystallize, usually under controlled conditions, to produce a tiny crystal. Cross-pollination – the transfer of pollen from an anther of one plant to the stigma of a different plant of the same species. Crystallization – see “Granulation.” Cut-comb honey – comb honey cut into various sizes, the edges drained, and the pieces wrapped or packed individually. D Demaree – the method of swarm control that separates the queen from most of the brood within the same hive. Deep - A box that is 9 5/8" deep and the frame is 9 1/4" deep. Sometimes called a Langstroth Deep. Dequeen – to remove a queen from a colony. Dextrose – one of the two principal sugars found in honey; forms crystals during granulation. Also known as glucose. Dividing or Division – separating a colony to form two or more units.- Also referred to as a Split. Division board feeder – a wooden or plastic compartment which is hung in a hive like a frame and contains sugar syrup to feed bees. Drawn comb – honeycomb with cells built out by honey bees from a sheet of foundation. Drone – the male honey bee. Drone comb – comb measuring about four cells per linear inch that is used for drone rearing and honey storage. Drone Congregation Area - A mating area - a place that drones from many surrounding hives congregate to wait for a queen to come. Drone layer – an infertile or unmated laying queen, resulting only in drones. Drumming – pounding on the sides of a hive to make the bees ascend into another hive placed over it. Dwindling – the rapid dying off of old bees in the spring; sometimes called spring dwindling or disappearing disease. Essex County Beekeepers' Association 3 Dysentery – an abnormal condition of adult bees characterized by severe diarrhea and usually caused by starvation, low-quality food, moist surroundings, or nosema infection. Evidence of dysentery is brown or yellow streaks on the front of the hive. Usually caused by long confinement from either cold or beekeeper manipulation, starvation, low quality food or nosema infection. E Egg – The first stage of bee metamorphosis. The egg is placed in a cell by the queen bee. A fertilized egg develops into a worker bee. An unfertilized egg develops into a drone.
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