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Colony Growth and Seasonal Management of Honey Bees
Colony Growth and Seasonal Management of Honey Bees Management of honey bees varies based on whether Although honey is essential food for bees, colonies pollination or honey production is the primary objective. cannot grow without sufficient amounts of incoming A simple scheme for those interested in maximizing honey pollen. Pollen contains the essential amino acids, sterols, production can be a template for any beginning beekeeper. minerals, and vitamins that bee larvae need to grow into Managing honey bees involves seasonal manipulations adult honey bees. Bee colonies cannot grow without brood of hive space to provide room when necessary for the production, and brood production hinges on good-quality expanding brood-rearing area and for storage of surplus nutrition that comes from pollen. Hence, bee colonies grow honey. Good management includes reducing colony space largest during or just after periods of maximum numbers during periods of dearth of incoming food, preventing of blooming plants in the spring and autumn (Figure 1). swarming of bees, feeding food supplements to offset any These periods are called honey flows. shortcomings in winter stores or to help stimulate brood Blooming of food plants can be predicted by a crude production during critical periods of colony development, geographic rule of adding a 1-week delay in bloom for keeping young and good-quality queens in colonies, and every 200 miles or so northward in latitude. For example, if managing diseases and parasites. sumac is blooming heavily in southern Mississippi during the first week of May, a person living near the Mississippi- Basic Growth Cycle Tennessee border might expect sumac to bloom from the Good seasonal management begins with understand- third week of May into the beginning of June. -
Module 1 Honeybee Management Introduction
Module 1 Honeybee Management Introduction This document covers the personal study notes for the BBKA Module 1 examination. The content is drawn from a multitude of sources, which in some cases are contradictory. The sources include: Guide to Bees and Honey Ted Hooper The Honeybee Around and About Celia F Davies MidBucks Beekeepers Association Study Group Internet britishbee.org.uk dave-cushman.net thorne.co.uk en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beekeeping google The contents of the document follow the syllabus of Module 1 as defined by BBKA. 8/2/2012 Page 1 Module 1 Honeybee Management Contents The Candidate shall be able to give a detailed account of:- Contents .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 the types of hives and frames used by beekeepers in the United Kingdom,including comparative knowledge of frame sizes of the following hives, National, WBC, Smith,National Deep, Commercial, Langstroth and Dadant. Exact frame sizes are required; ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 the principles which govern the design of hives and frames, including the concept of bee space, and the main features of their construction; ...................................................... 8 1.3 the use of wax foundation and how it can be made on a small scale;.......................... 11 1.4 Methods of fitting frames with wired and unwired wax foundation, including wiring a frame; -
Simple Methods of Making Increase
Simple Methods of Making Increase by Wally Shaw Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The Locally Adapted Bee 3 3. Reasons for Learning How to Make Increase 4 4. Scale of Increase Covered 5 5. Prejudices over Emergency Queens 6 6. Another Common Misconception 7 7. Making Emergency Queen Cells 7 8. Why not wait until a colony sets up to swarm? 8 9. When to Split Colonies 8 10. What Must the Colony Have to Make an Effective Split? 8 11. Which Colonies to Split? 9 12. How to Balance the Split 9 13. A More ‘Natural’ Approach to Making Nucs 11 14. Nuc Boxes 13 15. Split Boards 14 16. Finding the Queen 14 17. Details and Discussion of Examples 15 Example 1 15 Example 2 16 Example 3a and b 17 18. Drawn Comb or Foundation 19 19. Concluding Remarks 19 Appendix 1 – Finding the Queen 20 Appendix 2 – Getting Combs Drawn Prior to Making Increase 22 This booklet has been published and funded by the Welsh Beekeepers’ Association 2 Simple Methods of Making Increase 1. Introduction This booklet is intended to replace ‘Beekeeping – Making Increase’ published by the Welsh Assembly Government which was itself based on an earlier version produced by the National Bee Unit. The aim of this new booklet is to give more detailed coverage of this important subject and in a form of a practical guide for use by both individual beekeepers and associations who want to become self-sufficient for the provision of new or replacement colonies and queens. The methods described are not designed for large scale queen rearing but should be more than adequate to meet the needs of the hobby beekeepers who, let us not forget, manage about 85% of the colonies in Britain. -
A Beekeeper's Guide Year in Management for a Virginia Apiary
A BEEKEEPER’S YEAR IN A VIRGINIA APIARY January: Long, cold nights are ideal for talking and reading about your bees. Start the New Year off by attending a beekeeper meeting in your area. Read beekeeping books and magazines. Review successes and failures of past year. Make plans for any needed changes in management and schedule. Assemble and repair beekeeping equipment. Hope for a January thaw so the bees have a cleansing flight. Monitor weights and amount of honey in hives. February: Maples, willows, and other early season plants are in bloom. Make a brief check of wintering colonies for honey and brood (laying queen). Reposition frames with honey and pollen placing them near the brood cluster. First pollen should become available. If low on pollen add a pollen supplement or substitute. Feed bees 1:1 sugar/water syrup on warmer days to minimize winter mortality. If low on honey stores feed 2:1 sugar/water syrup. In late February stimulate brood production by feeding 1:2 sugar/water syrup. March: Dandelion is in bloom. Check colonies on a warm, sunny day. Check for old and rotting wood, frames in disrepair or with old comb, food reserves, and brood pattern and size. If food reserves are short feed 1:1 sugar/water syrup. Colonies that need feeding should be monitored and fed continually as needed. Clean bottom boards. Mid to late March replace solid bottom board with screen bottom board or remove cover from screen. Reverse hive boxes to position brood in lower box. Treat soil for small hive beetle (SHB) where infestations are found. -
Beekeeper Registration Application City of Richfield
Beekeeper Registration Application City of Richfield FEE: $30.00 Directions: Print legibly in blue or black ink. Answer all questions and indicate not applicable if appropriate. Any falsification of answers may result in denial of the registration. Please complete both sides of the form. Return to Richfield Business Licensing – 6700 Portland Avenue, Richfield MN 55423. Section 1: Applicant 1. Name: Last First Full Middle Maiden Name 2. Permanent Residence Address: Street City State County Zip 3. Apiary Address (if different than above) Street City State County Zip 4. Home Phone: Cell Phone: Business Phone: 5. Email Address 1: Email Address 2: Section 2: Beekeeping Education / Experience 6. Do you have formal education (courses) or prior hands-on beekeeping experience/ Yes No If yes, please describe and provide documentation: Section 3: Acknowledgements Please check each box and then sign and date indicating that you have read and agree with the following: Copies of city code 906 (the Beekeeping ordinance) and city code 509.21 (the Home Occupation ordinance) are attached to this registration form. I acknowledge that I have read, understand and will comply with all the requirements of both ordinances. City code 906 requires that the Richfield Public Safety Department shall send notice to all owners of lots adjacent to any lot line of the apiary site. I acknowledge and understand that the City will send notice to all owners of lots adjacent to any lot line of the apiary site. I understand and agree that I may not engage in the practice of beekeeping within the City of Richfield until I have received notification from the Public Safety Department that my beekeeping registration has been approved. -
Swarming Artical.Wps
SWARMING, ITS CAUSES AND STEPS THAT CAN PREVENT IT There have been many books written with chapters about swarming and what causes the bees to swarm. A few of the books that I have reviewed recently and gathered information about swarms and swarming from are: ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture by the A.I Root Co. A Guide to Bees and Honey by Ted Cooper The New Complete Guide to Beekeeping by Roger A. Morse A Year In The Beeyard by Roger A. Morse Beekeeping for Gardeners by Richard Taylor There is an article posted on our web site under the heading "For Our Members" that deals with swarms. It's title is "Are Your Bees Going To Swarm". You may find it helpful. Also, the leading beekeeping magazines often have articles about swarming and one of the most recent I think is very good and well worth reading appears in the April 2015 edition of "The American Bee Journal" authored by Roy Hendrickson. From the sources above and many others, the following notes represent a short summary about swarming, the causes and some preventative measures that can be considered. WHEN BEES ARE PREPARING TO SWARM Prior to swarming the hive will construct multiple queen cells, usually at the bottom of the comb into each the queen will lay an egg. Once the cells are capped the hive is likely to swarm. The queen will lose weight so that she can fly. The hive will often limit or cease foraging The bees will engorge themselves with honey which will sustain them as they build a new home. -
<Article-Title>Langstroth's Hive and the Honey-Bee
naturalists.This small book is full water. The head is almost nonex- American Goldfinch, Canada of interesting facts about the istent and lacks a radula or any Goose, and Great Blue Heron are groups of animals that live in the significant eyes" (p. 104). introduced with the family they sea. The authors cover sponges, This book is definitely worth belong to, the habitat in which sea anemones, jellyfish, sea mats, reading if you are interested in they are found, their call or song, marine worms, mollusks, echino- marine animals. It is interesting and general size information. In derms, sea squirts, cartilaginous and contains many wonderful old the lower corner of each bird fish, marine reptiles, birds, seals, drawings, some as old as 200 page, an "Also meet" section is [-' sea lions, walruses, whales, and years. However,it really is not very included where the authors intro- sea weed. The book also contains useful for research purposes in duce us to a relative of that bird. a glossary, index, and a section on either a college or a high school For example, the Downy [-' books and Web sites that are use- setting. Woodpecker page also introduces ful for further research. the Hairy Woodpecker and the Although this book contains Herring Gull page introduces the many beautiful drawings, it is real- Lorelei Crerar Ring-billedGull. ly not very useful for research pur- J.E.B.Stuart High School The book includes a delight- 14 poses. A lot of the information Falls Church,VA 22044 ful chapter on notable birds with contained in the book is in the incredible facts. -
EXERCISE 10 .HONEY EXTRACTION "PROCESS " Structure
EXERCISE 10 .HONEY EXTRACTION "PROCESS " Structure 10.0 Introduction Objectives 10.1 Procedure Principle Requirements Steps 10.2 Observations and Result 10.3 Precautions 10.0 INTRODUCTION All the management of honeybee colonies is ultimately directed to get more quality hive products. It is, therefore, important that apiary honey is extracted properly so as to retain .its quality. The process of extraction should be hygienic and prevent any extraneous material in honey. Objectives After undertaking these exercises, you will be able to : • be familiarwith process of honey extraction; and • maintain quality of extracted honey. 10.1 PROCEDURE Before explaining the procedure, let us understand the principle of the exercise. Principle Over the time, the extraction of the honey from the hives has evolved itself. The major emphasis is to obtain good quality and quantity honey from the hives are the principle of the honey extraction. Requirements To accomplish this exercise, you will need the following articles: 1. Smoker, 2. Bee veil, 3. Hive tool, 4. Bee brush, 5. Empty super bodies, 6. Uncapping knife, 27 Practical Manual - 7. Boiling water, Management of Honeybee Colonies 8. Drip trays, 9. Honey extractor, 10. Honey storage container, and 11. Muslin cloth. Steps 1. To remove honey combs, smoke colonies and brush off bees from the honey combs using soft bee brush or bunch of soft green grass. 2. Place the honey combs in bee tight hive bodies and shift to honey extraction room. 3. Never rob the colonies of their entire honey stores. Depending on strength, keep with each colony at least 5-15kg of honey in case of Apis mellifera and 3-4 kg with A. -
Honey Bee Colony Assessment Workshop Colony Strength Evaluation
Honey Bee Colony Assessment Workshop Colony Strength Evaluation Shannon Mueller, Ph.D. Agronomy Farm Advisor UC Cooperative Extension Fresno County Learning Objectives Following this presentation, you will be able to: • Understand how the pollination contract relates to the colony strength inspection. • Understand how to evaluate the elements that contribute to colony strength. • Worker Population • Brood • Queen • Understand both methods of colony strength evaluation. • Frame Inspection • Cluster Count Colony Strength Evaluation Pollination success is dependent upon a number of factors, but in terms of the pollinator, it is a function of both the number of colonies and the average strength of the individual colonies. – Strength of a colony is evaluated by estimating the adult honey bee population and, in some cases, the amount of brood in a hive. – Colony strength can vary with time of the year and management by the beekeeper. Colony Strength Evaluation When colony strength is important, the grower and the beekeeper agree on the strength of the colonies to be delivered. A signed contract spells out each person’s expectations, which may help avoid misunderstandings and possible legal action later. Independent confirmation that bees are present in the number and strength promised is frequently desired. Colony Strength Evaluation Conducted at the request of the grower or the beekeeper. The person requesting the certification typically pays for the inspection. Apiary inspectors - independent contractors - work for bee brokers - employed by County Ag Commissioners Using consistent procedures and definitions for inspection criteria helps insure consistency. Colony Strength Evaluation Make every attempt to notify the beekeeper of the inspection and he or she can observe the process or assist in handling the hives if the inspector desires. -
Keeping of Honey Bees Applicants Must
KEEPING OF HONEY BEES LICENSE APPLICATION ORIGINAL APPLICATION LICENSE FEE: $45.00 RENEWAL APPLICATION PRE-INSPECTION FEE: $95.00 Address where bees will be located Name of property owner (please print) Phone Street City State Zip Email address APPLICANT INFORMATION (IF DIFFERENT FROM OWNER) Name of applicant (please print) Phone Street City State Zip Email address If this is a renewal, have there been any changes from the previous year? YES NO APPLICANTS MUST: 1. Attach a detailed diagram of the beekeeping equipment location including the distances to property lines and from nearby structures on neighboring properties according to Chapter 6.14.030(F)(1). If no changes, this is not required for renewal. 2. List on the reverse side the number and location of the hives. 3. Once the 14-day waiting period is complete and no objections have been received by the city, contact the Eau Claire City/County Health Department for inspection at 715-839-4718. APPLICANT’S STATEMENT I hereby certify that this application is complete, true and correct to the best of my knowledge. I agree, in the consideration of the issuing of this license, to comply with the laws of the State of Wisconsin, and to the provisions of the Municipal Code of Ordinances of the City of Eau Claire. ____________________________________________________________________ Date: ______________ Signature of owner _____________________________________________________________________Date: ______________ Signature of applicant if different from owner Required inspector’s signature Inspector -
Small Hive Beetle Management in Mississippi Authors: Audrey B
Small Hive Beetle Management in Mississippi Authors: Audrey B. Sheridan, Research/Extension Associate, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University; Harry Fulton, State Entomologist (retired); Jon Zawislak, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service. Cover photo by Alex Wild, http://www.alexanderwild.com. Fig. 6 illustration by Jon Zawislak. Fig. 7 photo by Katie Lee. All other photos by Audrey Sheridan. 2 Small Hive Beetle Management in Mississippi CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Where in the United States Do Small Hive Beetles Occur? .................................. 1 How Do Small Hive Beetles Cause Damage? .......................................................... 1 How Can Small Hive Beetles Be Located and Identifi ed in a Hive? .............................................................................................. 2 Important Biological Aspects of Small Hive Beetles ............................................. 5 Cleaning Up Damaged Combs ................................................................................ 8 Preventing Small Hive Beetle Damage in the Apiary ............................................ 9 Managing Established Small Hive Beetle Populations ....................................... 12 Protecting Honey Combs and Stored Supers During Processing .............................................................................................. -
Introduction to Honey Bees and Beekeeping What Aren’T Honey Bees
Introduction to Honey Bees and Beekeeping What aren’t Honey Bees Honey Bee Bumble Bee Not Honey Bee Nests Bald Face Hornet Wasp (yellow jacket) The Honey Bee Apis mellifera Anatomy and Biology Compound Eye Thousands of individual lenses (3000 – 9000) Hairs tell wind direction, flight speed, collect pollen Excellent motion detection – high flicker threshold - move slowly! Comparison of light wavelengths visible to humans and bees ▬ Don’t see red, no photoreceptor for it ▬ Can see ultraviolet light (needed to find nectar) ▬ Detects polarized light (navigation) Nectar guide = UV-absorbing area of a flower Antennae - majority of bees' sensory organs are located in the antennae - 170 odor receptors (chemoreceptors), O2, CO2, moisture - locates pollen-rich flowers and hive pheromones - used for communication by touching Mandibles (jaws) • eat pollen for food; • cut and shape wax; • feed larvae and queen; • clean the hive; • groom themselves; • fighting. Thorax • Point of Attachment for – Six Legs – Two Pairs of Wings • Wings held together by hooks Pollen Baskets Honey Bee Stinger Removing Bee Stingers http://www.dave-cushman.net/bee/beestings.html Use your hive tool Worker, Drone, & Queen The Population of a Colony Depends on: - the egg laying ability of the queen, - the space available in the hive, - the incoming food supply. MikeHaberland Complete Metamorphosis 1) Queen lays egg In brood cell Egg 2) Worker feeds hatched larva Larvae 3) Larva reaches full growth 4) Worker caps cell 5) Larva spins cocoon and Pupa becomes pupa 6) Adult bee leaves cell Adult https://forum.teksyndicate.com/t/bee-syndicate-s1-e3-8-17-2015-how-brood-you-do/86119 Honey Bee Development Days after egg is laid Cell Adult emerges Start of Larvae hatches Larva Pupa capped from cell Fertility Queen 3 5 ½ 7 ½ - 8 8 16 Approx.