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Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
State of the Art: Where We Are with the Ext3 Filesystem
State of the Art: Where we are with the Ext3 filesystem Mingming Cao, Theodore Y. Ts’o, Badari Pulavarty, Suparna Bhattacharya IBM Linux Technology Center {cmm, theotso, pbadari}@us.ibm.com, [email protected] Andreas Dilger, Alex Tomas, Cluster Filesystem Inc. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction Although the ext2 filesystem[4] was not the first filesystem used by Linux and while other filesystems have attempted to lay claim to be- ing the native Linux filesystem (for example, The ext2 and ext3 filesystems on Linux R are when Frank Xia attempted to rename xiafs to used by a very large number of users. This linuxfs), nevertheless most would consider the is due to its reputation of dependability, ro- ext2/3 filesystem as most deserving of this dis- bustness, backwards and forwards compatibil- tinction. Why is this? Why have so many sys- ity, rather than that of being the state of the tem administrations and users put their trust in art in filesystem technology. Over the last few the ext2/3 filesystem? years, however, there has been a significant amount of development effort towards making There are many possible explanations, includ- ext3 an outstanding filesystem, while retaining ing the fact that the filesystem has a large and these crucial advantages. In this paper, we dis- diverse developer community. However, in cuss those features that have been accepted in our opinion, robustness (even in the face of the mainline Linux 2.6 kernel, including direc- hardware-induced corruption) and backwards tory indexing, block reservation, and online re- compatibility are among the most important sizing. -
Design and Implementation of the Spad Filesystem
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Mathematics and Physics DOCTORAL THESIS Mikul´aˇsPatoˇcka Design and Implementation of the Spad Filesystem Department of Software Engineering Advisor: RNDr. Filip Zavoral, Ph.D. Abstract Title: Design and Implementation of the Spad Filesystem Author: Mgr. Mikul´aˇsPatoˇcka email: [email protected]ff.cuni.cz Department: Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Advisor: RNDr. Filip Zavoral, Ph.D. email: Filip.Zavoral@mff.cuni.cz Mailing address (advisor): Dept. of Software Engineering Charles University in Prague Malostransk´en´am. 25 118 00 Prague, Czech Republic WWW: http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/spadfs/ Abstract: This thesis describes design and implementation of the Spad filesystem. I present my novel method for maintaining filesystem consistency — crash counts. I describe architecture of other filesystems and present my own de- sign decisions in directory management, file allocation information, free space management, block allocation strategy and filesystem checking algorithm. I experimentally evaluate performance of the filesystem. I evaluate performance of the same filesystem on two different operating systems, enabling the reader to make a conclusion on how much the performance of various tasks is affected by operating system and how much by physical layout of data on disk. Keywords: filesystem, operating system, crash counts, extendible hashing, SpadFS Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor Filip Zavoral for supporting my work and for reading and making comments on this thesis. I would also like to thank to colleague Leo Galamboˇsfor testing my filesystem on his search engine with 1TB RAID array, which led to fixing some bugs and improving performance. -
LINUX: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition
LINUX: Rute User’s Tutorial and Exposition Paul Sheer August 14, 2001 Pages up to and including this page are not included by Prentice Hall. 2 “The reason we don’t sell billions and billions of Guides,” continued Harl, after wiping his mouth, “is the expense. What we do is we sell one Guide billions and billions of times. We exploit the multidimensional nature of the Universe to cut down on manufacturing costs. And we don’t sell to penniless hitchhikers. What a stupid notion that was! Find the one section of the market that, more or less by definition, doesn’t have any money, and try to sell to it. No. We sell to the affluent business traveler and his vacationing wife in a billion, billion different futures. This is the most radical, dynamic and thrusting business venture in the entire multidimensional infinity of space-time-probability ever.” ... Ford was completely at a loss for what to do next. “Look,” he said in a stern voice. But he wasn’t certain how far saying things like “Look” in a stern voice was necessarily going to get him, and time was not on his side. What the hell, he thought, you’re only young once, and threw himself out of the window. That would at least keep the element of surprise on his side. ... In a spirit of scientific inquiry he hurled himself out of the window again. Douglas Adams Mostly Harmless Strangely, the thing that least intrigued me was how they’d managed to get it all done. I suppose I sort of knew. -
X-Ways Forensics & Winhex Manual
X-Ways Software Technology AG X-Ways Forensics/ WinHex Integrated Computer Forensics Environment. Data Recovery & IT Security Tool. Hexadecimal Editor for Files, Disks & RAM. Manual Copyright © 1995-2021 Stefan Fleischmann, X-Ways Software Technology AG. All rights reserved. Contents 1 Preface ..................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 About WinHex and X-Ways Forensics.........................................................................................1 1.2 Legalities.......................................................................................................................................2 1.3 License Types ...............................................................................................................................4 1.4 More differences between WinHex & X-Ways Forensics............................................................5 1.5 Getting Started with X-Ways Forensics........................................................................................6 2 Technical Background ........................................................................................................................7 2.1 Using a Hex Editor........................................................................................................................7 2.2 Endian-ness...................................................................................................................................8 2.3 Integer -
Hp Openview Storage Data Protector 5.1 Platform & Integration Support
hp OpenView storage data protector 5.1 Platform & Integration support matrices Version: 1.0 Edition date: May 15, 2003 supported operating systems Data Protector supported operating systems component Cell Manager • Windows NT 4.06 • Windows XP PRO • Windows 2000 • Windows 2003 (32-bit) • HP-UX 11.03, 11.113,5, 11.20 1,3,5 • Solaris 7, 8 & 9 Installation Server • Windows NT 4.06 • Windows XP PRO • Windows 2000 • Windows 2003 (32-bit) • HP-UX 11.03, 11.113,5, 11.20 1,3,5 • Solaris 7, 8 & 9 2 Graphical User Interface7 • Windows XP HE • Windows XP PRO • Windows XP 64-bit • Windows NT 4.0 • Windows 2000 • Windows 2003 (32-bit) 1,3,5 • HP-UX 11.03, 11.113,5, 11.20 • Solaris 7, 8 • Windows NT 4.0 Managers-of-Managers (MoM) • Windows 2000 • Windows XP PRO • Windows 2003 (32-bit) 1,3,5 • HP-UX 11.03, 11.113,5, 11.20 • Solaris 7, 8 & 9 • Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 Backup Device Server (media • Windows XP PRO, XP (64-bit) agent), including robotic • Windows 2003 (32-bit) control • Windows 2003 (64-bit) (For Linux, only 32-bit is • Novell NetWare 4.22, 5.12, 6.02 supported) • HP-UX (PA-RISC) -- 11.03, 11.113,5, • HP-UX (IA64) -- 11.201,3,5, 11.223,5 • Tru64 5.xx • OpenVMS 7.3-1 4 • Sun Solaris 2.6, 7, 8, 9 • MPE/iX 6.02, 6.52, 7.02, 7.52 • Linux Redhat 7.x, 8.x • RedHat Enterprise Linux -- Advanced Server 2.18 • Linux SuSe 7.x, 8.x • Linux Debian 3.0 1 The above list plus the following: Backup Device Server (media agent), without • IBM AIX 4.3.x, 5Lver.5.1, 5.2 • SNI Sinix 5.4.3, 5.4.4 robotic control • SCO OpenServer 5.0.5 • Windows NT 4.0 Backup -
Linux Newbie Administrator Guide.Pdf
Linux Newbie Administrator Guide (LNAG) LINUX NEWBIE ADMINISTRATOR GUIDE ver. 0.193 2002−12−14 by Stan, Peter and Marie Klimas The latest version of this guide is available at http://sunsite.dk/linux−newbie. Copyright (c) by Peter and Stan Klimas. Your feedback, comments, corrections, and improvements are appreciated. Send them to [email protected] This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, 8 or later http://opencontent.org/openpub/ with the modification noted in lnag_licence.html. Intro. We are relative Linux newbies (with Linux since Summer 1998). We run mostly RedHat and Mandrake −> the solutions might not be directly applicable to other Linux distributions (although most of them probably will be). Hope this helps; we try to be as practical as possible. Of course, we provide no warranty whatsoever. If you spotted a bad error or would like to contribute a part on a topic of your choice, we would like to hear from you. General description of this Guide. A complete reference for new Linux users who wish to set up and administer their own Linux home computer, workstation and/or their home or small office network. The answers are meant to be simple, with just sufficient detail, and always supported with a readily usable example. The work is still in progress, but we hope the Guide can be helpful already. We welcome your corrections, advice, criticism, links, translations, and CONTRIBUTIONS. Pls note that there are no ad banners on our pages. Conventions: <> = single special or function key on the keyboard. -
Betriebssysteme Praxis
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
Linux System Administration Table of Contents Linux System Administration, Second Edition
Linux System Administration Table of Contents Linux System Administration, Second Edition...............................................................................1 Foreword............................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................3 Introduction........................................................................................................................................4 The Benefits of Linux...............................................................................................................4 Who Should Buy This Book.....................................................................................................5 About the Second Edition........................................................................................................5 How This Book Is Organized...................................................................................................6 Chapter 1: The Basics of System Administration...............................................................6 Chapter 2: Installing Linux..................................................................................................6 Chapter 3: Startup and Shutdown......................................................................................6 Chapter 4: Tools of the Trade............................................................................................7 -
Booting Linux: the History and the Future
BÓ ÓØiÒg ÄiÒÙÜ: Ìhe Ài×ØÓÖÝ aÒd Øhe FÙØÙÖe ÏeÖÒeÖ AÐÑe×b eÖgeÖ ÏeÖÒeÖºAÐÑe×b eÖgeÖ@eÔºch ÂÙÒe ¾5¸ ¾¼¼¼ ½ ÁÒØÖÓ dÙcØiÓÒ Ab×ØÖacØ Ìhe b Ó ÓØ ÔÖÓ ce×× cÓÒ×i×Ø× Óf ØÛÓ Ña jÓÖ Ôha×e×: ´½µ ÐÓadiÒg Øhe ÄiÒÙÜ keÖÒeÐ iÒØÓ ÑeÑÓÖÝ aÒd Ôa××iÒg cÓÒØÖÓÐ ØÓ iظ aÒd ´¾µ iÒiØiaÐiÞiÒg Øhe ÒÓÖÑaÐ ÓÔ eÖ¹ aØiÓÒ eÒÚiÖÓÒÑeÒغ ËÓÑe Óf Øhe Ô Ó××ibÐe ÛaÝ× ØÓ BÓ ÓØiÒg aÒ ÓÔ eÖaØiÒg ×Ý×ØeÑ ÑeaÒ× ØÓ ÑediaØe b e¹ Ô eÖfÓÖÑ× Øhe×e ×ØeÔ× aÖe deÔicØed iÒ ¬gÙÖe ½º ØÛeeÒ a Ù×ÙaÐÐÝ ÚeÖÝ ba×ic¸ aÒd fÖeÕÙeÒØÐÝ ÙÒÖeÐi¹ abÐe ×Ý×ØeÑ eÒÚiÖÓÒÑeÒØ ´eºgº Øhe ÈC BÁÇ˵¸ Øhe fÙÒcØiÓÒaÐiØÝ ÖeÕÙiÖed bÝ Øhe ÓÔ eÖaØiÒg ×Ý×ØeÑ iع ×eÐf¸ aÒd Øhe ×ÓÑeØiÑe× ÖaØheÖ ×ÓÔhi×ØicaØed ×eØÙÔ× Hardware startup Ù×eÖ× Ûi×h ØÓ cÖeaØeº ÖÓÑ Øhe hÙÑbÐe b egiÒÒiÒg× Óf Øhe ÓÔÔÝ b Ó ÓØ ×ec¹ F Firmware (BIOS) ØÓÖ¸ Øhe ÄiÒÙÜ b Ó ÓØ ÔÖÓ ce×× ha× gÖÓÛÒ Öich fÙÒcØiÓÒ¹ ݸÛiØhÚeÖ×aØiÐe b Ó ÓØ ÐÓadeÖ× ´ÄÁÄǸ ÄÇADÄÁƸ aÐiØ Boot selector GÊÍB¸ eØcºµ¸ ×eÚeÖaÐ bÓÓØ iÑage fÓÖÑaØ׸ aÒd aÒ iÒcÖea×iÒg ÚaÖieØÝ Óf ÓÔ eÖaØiÓÒ× ØhaØ caÒ be dÓÒe eÒ b efÓÖe Øhe ×Ý×ØeÑ i× fÙÐÐÝ b Ó ÓØed¸ eºgº ÐÓad¹ eÚ Legacy OS eÖ ÑÓ dÙÐe× b efÓÖe ÑÓÙÒØiÒg Øhe ÖÓ ÓØ ¬Ðe iÒg Óf dÖiÚ Linux−capable ×Ý×ØeѺ Linux loader boot loader Ìhe bÓÓØ ÔÖÓ ce×× i× aÐ×Ó b ecÓÑiÒg ÑÓÖe diÆcÙÐØ Linux kernel ÛiØh ØiÑe: ÒeÛ Ô eÖiÔheÖaÐ× ÛiØh iÒØeÖe×ØiÒg fÙÒc¹ ØiÓÒaÐiØÝ aÒd ×ÓÑeØiÑe× eÚeÒ ÑÓÖe iÒØeÖe×ØiÒg ÔÖÓb¹ Ýed aÒd Òeed ØÓ b e ×ÙÔÔ ÓÖØed¸ ÐeÑ× geØ ÛideÐÝ deÔÐÓ Mount initrd Ù×eÖ× cÖeaØe ÒeÛ aÒd cÓÑÔÐicaØed ×Ý×ØeÑ cÓÒ¬gÙÖa¹ ØiÓÒ× aÒd ×ØiÐÐ Òeed ØÓ b e abÐe ØÓ b Ó Óظ aÒd Ða×Ø bÙØ /linuxrc ÒÓØ Ðea×ظ ÒeÛ fÙÒcØiÓÒaÐiØÝi× cÓÒ×ØaÒØÐÝ added ØÓ Øhe keÖÒeи aÒd ×ÓÑe Óf iظ -
Open Source Software Notice
文档名称 文档密级 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE This document contains an open source software notice for this product. The open source software licenses are granted by the respective right holders. And the open source licenses prevails all other license information with regard to the respective open source software contained in the product. Warranty Disclaimer THE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE IN THIS PRODUCT IS DISTRIBUTED IN THE HOPE THAT IT WILL BE USEFUL, BUT WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, WITHOUT EVEN THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SEE THE APPLICABLE LICENSES FOR MORE DETAILS. Copyright Notice and License Texts Software: amrnb-5.1.0 Copyright notice: Copyright© 2003, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, CWTS, ETSI, T1, TTA, TTC). License: Use the BSD License Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, 2015-10-9 华为保密信息,未经授权禁止扩散 第 1 页, 共 173 页 文档名称 文档密级 SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -
Doctoral Thesis
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Mathematics and Physics DOCTORAL THESIS Mikul´aˇsPatoˇcka Design and Implementation of the Spad Filesystem Department of Software Engineering Advisor: RNDr. Filip Zavoral, Ph.D. Abstract Title: Design and Implementation of the Spad Filesystem Author: Mgr. Mikul´aˇsPatoˇcka email: [email protected]ff.cuni.cz Department: Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Advisor: RNDr. Filip Zavoral, Ph.D. email: Filip.Zavoral@mff.cuni.cz Mailing address (author): Mikul´aˇsPatoˇcka Voskovcova 37 152 00 Prague, Czech Republic Mailing address (advisor): Dept. of Software Engineering Charles University in Prague Malostransk´en´am. 25 118 00 Prague, Czech Republic WWW: http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/spadfs/ Abstract: This thesis describes design and implementation of the Spad filesystem. I present my novel method for maintaining filesystem consistency — crash counts. I describe architecture of other filesystems and present my own de- sign decisions in directory management, file allocation information, free space management, block allocation strategy and filesystem checking algorithm. I experimentally evaluate performance of the filesystem. I evaluate performance of the same filesystem on two different operating systems, enabling the reader to make a conclusion on how much the performance of various tasks is affected by operating system and how much by physical layout of data on disk. Keywords: filesystem, operating system, crash counts, extendible hashing, SpadFS Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor Filip Zavoral for supporting my work and for reading and making comments on this thesis. I would also like to thank to colleague Leo Galamboˇsfor testing my filesystem on his search engine with 1TB RAID array, which led to fixing some bugs and improving performance.