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465_SG_CHFI_FM.qxd 10/15/07 9:50 AM Page i for Computer Hacking Forensics Investigators Dave Kleiman Technical Editor Kevin Cardwell Timothy Clinton Michael Cross Michael Gregg Jesse Varsalone Craig Wright 465_SG_CHFI_FM.qxd 10/15/07 9:50 AM Page ii Elsevier, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY.You may have other legal rights, which vary from state to state. In no event will Makers be liable to you for damages, including any loss of profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out from the Work or its contents. Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. You should always use reasonable care, including backup and other appropriate precautions, when working with computers, networks, data, and files. Syngress Media®, Syngress®,“Career Advancement Through Skill Enhancement®,”“Ask the Author UPDATE®,” and “Hack Proofing®,” are registered trademarks of Elsevier, Inc.“Syngress:The Definition of a Serious Security Library”™,“Mission Critical™,” and “The Only Way to Stop a Hacker is to Think Like One™” are trademarks of Elsevier, Inc. Brands and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respective companies. PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing, Inc. Elsevier, Inc. 30 Corporate Drive Burlington, MA 01803 The Official CHFI Study Guide (Exam 312-49) for Computer Hacking Forensic Investigators Copyright © 2007 by Elsevier, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN 13: 978-159749-197-6 Publisher:Amorette Pedersen Project Manager: Gary Byrne Managing Editor:Andrew Williams Page Layout and Art: Patricia Lupien Technical Editor: Dave Kleiman Copy Editors:Audrey Doyle,Adrienne Rebello, Cover Designer: Michael Kavish Mike McGee Indexer: Nara Wood For information on rights, translations, and bulk sales, contact Matt Pedersen, Commercial Sales Director; email [email protected]. 465_SG_CHFI_FM.qxd 10/15/07 9:50 AM Page iii Technical Editor Dave Kleiman (CAS, CCE, CIFI, CISM, CISSP,ISSAP,ISSMP,MCSE, MVP) has worked in the information technology security sector since 1990. Currently, he runs an independent computer forensic company, DaveKleiman.com, which specializes in litigation support, computer forensic investigations, incident response, and intrusion analysis. He developed a Windows operating system lockdown tool, S-Lok, which surpasses NSA, NIST, and Microsoft Common Criteria Guidelines. Dave was a contributing author for Microsoft Log Parser Toolkit (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 1-932266-52-6), Security Log Management: Identifying Patterns in the Chaos (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 1597490423), and How to Cheat at Windows System Administration (Syngress Publishing ISBN: 1597491055). Dave was technical editor for Perfect Passwords: Selection, Protection,Authentication (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 1597490415); Winternals Defragmentation, Recovery, and Administration Field Guide (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 1597490792); Windows Forensic Analysis: Including DVD Toolkit (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 159749156X); and CD and DVD Forensics (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 1597491284). He was also a technical reviewer for Enemy at the Water Cooler: Real Life Stories of Insider Threats (Syngress Publishing, ISBN: 1597491292) He is frequently a speaker at many national security conferences and is a regular contributor to security- related newsletters, Web sites, and Internet forums. Dave is a member of many professional security organizations, including the Miami Electronic Crimes Task Force (MECTF), International Association of Counter Terrorism and Security Professionals (IACSP), International Society of Forensic Computer Examiners® (ISFCE), Information Systems Audit and Control Association® (ISACA), High Technology Crime Investigation Association (HTCIA), Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), and the High Tech Crime Consortium (HTCC). He is also the Sector Chief for Information Technology at the FBI’s InfraGard®. Contributors Kevin Cardwell (CEH, ECSA, LPT) works as a freelance consultant and provides consulting services for compa- nies throughout the U.S., U.K., and Europe. He is an adjunct associate professor for the University of Maryland University College, where he participated in the team that developed the Information Assurance Program for Graduate Students, which is recognized as a Center of Excellence program by the National Security Agency (NSA). He is an instructor and technical editor for computer forensics and hacking courses. He has presented at the Blackhat USA Conference. During a 22-year period in the U.S. Navy, Kevin tested and evaluated surveillance and weapon system soft- ware. Some of this work was on projects like the Multi-Sensor Torpedo Alertment Processor (MSTRAP),Tactical Decision Support System (TDSS), Computer Aided Dead Reckoning Tracer (CADRT),Advanced Radar Periscope Discrimination and Detection (ARPDD), and the Remote Mine Hunting System (RMHS). He has worked as both a software and systems engineer on a variety of Department of Defense projects and was selected to head the team that built a Network Operations Center (NOC) that provided services to the command ashore and ships at sea in the Norwegian Sea and Atlantic Ocean. He served as the leading chief of information security at the NOC for six years prior to retiring from the U.S. Navy. During this time he was the leader of a five-person Red Team. iii 465_SG_CHFI_FM.qxd 10/15/07 9:50 AM Page iv Kevin wishes to thank his mother, Sally; girlfriend, Loredana; and daughter,Aspen, all of whom are sources of his inspiration. Kevin holds a master’s degree from Southern Methodist University and is a member of the IEEE and ACM. Kevin currently resides in Cornwall, England. Marcus J. Carey (CISSP,CTT+) is the president of Sun Tzu Data, a leading information assurance and infras- tructure architecture firm based out of central Maryland. Marcus’ specialty is network architecture, network secu- rity, and network intrusion investigations. He served over eight years in the U.S. Navy’s cryptology field. During his military service Marcus engineered, monitored, and defended the U.S. Department of Defense’s secure net- works. Marcus holds a master’s degree from Capitol College, where he also serves as professor of information assur- ance. Marcus currently resides in central Maryland with his family, Mandy, Erran, Kaley, and Christopher. Timothy Clinton has held multiple roles in the EDD/ESI vendor space. He is currently employed as forensics operations manager for the National Technology Center division of Document Technologies, Inc. (DTI), a major ESI service. Since joining the DTI team, Mr. Clinton has served in multiple roles, including EDD production manager, technical architect, and forensic investigator. He has conducted and managed investigations for numerous civil cases regarding matters for Fortune 50 of law. Mr. Clinton’s most notable achievement while at DTI is being responsible for the design and implementation of a showcase data forensics laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia. Edward Collins (CISSP,CEH, Security+, MCSE:Security, MCT) is a senior security analyst for CIAN, Inc., where he is responsible for conducting penetration tests, threat analysis, and security audits. CIAN (www.cian- center.com) provides commercial businesses and government agencies with all aspects of information security management, including access control, penetration testing, audit procedures, incident response handling, intrusion detection, and risk management. Edward is also a training consultant, specializing in MCSE and Security+ certifi- cations. Edward’s background includes positions as information technology manager at Aurora Flight Sciences and senior information technology consultant at Titan Corporation. James “Jim” Cornell (CFCE, CISSP,CEECS) is an employee of Computer Sciences Corp. (CSC) and an instructor/course developer at the Defense Cyber Investigations Training Academy (DCITA), which is part of the Defense Cyber Crime Center (DC3) in Maryland.At the academy he teaches network intrusions and investiga- tions, online undercover techniques, and advanced log analysis. He has over 26 years of law enforcement and over 35 years of electronics and computer experience. He is a member/coach of the International Association of Computer Investigative Specialists (IACIS) and a member of the International Information Systems Forensics Association (IISFA) and the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium (ISC2). He is currently completing the Certified Technical Trainer (CTT+) process and is a repeat speaker at the annual Department of Defense Cyber Crime Conference. He would like to thank his mother for more than he can
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