DOCUMENT RESUME ED 393 626 RC 020 510 TITLE Wisconsin Indian Treaties and Tribal Sovereignty. Classroom Activities. INSTITUTION Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. REPORT NO Bulletin No. 96156; ISBN-1-57337-024-X PUB DATE 96 NOTE 507p.; Photographs will not reproduce adequately. Prepared by the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Wisconsin Indian History, Culture and Tribal Sovereignty Project. AVAILABLE FROMPublication Sales, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Drawer 179, Milwaukee, WI 53293-0179. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC21 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; American Indian Culture; *American Indian History; American Indians; Elementary Secondary Education; *Federal Indian Relationship; Instructional Materials; Learning Activities; Primary Sources; Resource Materials; *Social Studies; *Treaties; Tribal Government; *Tribal Sovereignty; Tribes; *Units of Study IDENTIFIERS *Wisconsin ABSTRACT This guide contains information and learning activities for teaching elementary and secondary school students about federal-Indian relations, treaty rights, and tribal sovereignty in Wisconsin. The guide was developed to meet provisions of the 1989 Wisconsin Act 31 that required social studies curriculum to include instruction on treaty rights and tribal sovereignty. The first three sections are self-contained teaching sections for elementary, middle, and higil school students that begin with a brief overview of Wisconsin Indian cultures, political structures, and relationships to the environment. Each section includes nine learning activities that address the nature of the federal-Indian relationship up to the end of the treaty-making era, examine reservations established for Wisconsin Indians and the status of nonreservation Indians, consider the relationship of acculturation to treaty rights, and explore the reaffirmation of treaty rights and the status of Wisconsin Indian peoples today. Each lesson consists of objectives, concepts, fundamentals, treaties, procedures, and a list of additional resources. The fourth section of the guide provides fundamental materials for each learning activity including pretests,maps, primary snurce materials such as treaty journals and manuscripts, and information on tribal life; the federal-Indian relationship; Indian gaming and economic development; and other matters concerning American Indian tribes in Wisconsin. The fifth section includes the 29 treaties that were negotiated between the Indians of Wisconsin and the United States government, 1795-1856. Appendices include a glossary, a list of Wisconsin Native American Tribal and Intertribal Offices, and a bibliography. (LP) \ CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES ON afteiVaanieteirry. US DEPARTNENT Of SOUCAIION Cenci or Unconcern Amon* oft MP0110011,4 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCEAND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES *FORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL CENTER ERO HAS BEEN GRANTED BY SYKe ebeementbee been roorodued se rovrNrd boa the worm or ortdonsaton oronsund a %WIN ChinnOIN INN been webs be owe", epeoeucton oneee Porn,* Orton or (*Nom NOW rn *edam mord do not nocniaddy Waned OWN TO THE EDUCATIONAL OEM memo I/ Mee RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ,1- Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction BEST COPYAVAILABLE Classroom Activitieson Wisconsin Indian Treaties and Tribal Sovereignty University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Wisconsin Indian History, Culture, and Tribal Sovereignty Project Ronald N. Satz, Director Jason Tetzloff, Assistant Director Laura Evert, Editorial Assistant Mary Burke Fazendin, Curriculum Assistant Angela Firkus, Editorial Assistant Timothy Panasuk, Research Assistant Ani Satz, Editorial and Research Assistant Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Madison, Wisconsin This publication is available from Publication Sales Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Drawer 179 Milwaukee, WI 53293-0179 (800) 243-8782 Bulletin No. 96156 0 1996 by Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction ISBN 1-57337-024-X The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, religion, age, national origin, ancestry, creed, pregnancy,marital or parental status, sexual orientation or physical, mental, emotional or learning disability. Printed on recycled paper Contents Page Foreword vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xvii 1 Elementary-level Activities Introduction 2 The Indian Peoples of Wisconsin and Their Relationships to the Environment, Part I 5 The Indian Peoples of Wisconsin and Their Relationships to the Environment, Part II 7 Treaties and Treaty Making, Part I 8 Treaties and Treaty Making, Part II 10 FederalIndian Relations in Wisconsin Before Statehood 12 Land Cessions, Removal, and Reservations 14 Efforts to Destroy Tribal Cultures 16 Reaffirming Treaty Rights and Tribal Sovereignty 18 Indian Tribes and Tribal Government Today 20 Resources 22 2 Middle-level Activities Introduction 28 Wisconsin Indian Peoples 31 Common Attributes of Nations and Indian Tribes 33 The Constitutional Framework of Treaty Making 36 Early FederalIndian Policy in Wisconsin 39 Wisconsin Indian Land Cessions and Resistance to Removal 41 Survival During the Reservation Era 43 Acculturation, Assimilation, and Traditionalism 45 Reaffirmation of Treaty Rights and Tribal Sovereignty 47 TrIbal Sovereignty Today 49 Resources 51 3 High-level Activities Introduction 56 Wisconsin Indian Peoples 59 The Constitutional Framework of Treaty Making 61 Treaties and Treaty Making 64 The Impact of Treaty Making on Wisconsin Indians 67 Reservation and Non-Reservation Indians 70 Dual Citizenship 73 A New Deal for Wisconsin Indians 77 Assaults on Tribal Sovereignty and Treaty Rights, 1945-60 79 The Reaffirmation of Tribal Sovereignty and Treaty Rights, 1961 to the Present 81 Resources 83 ifi 4 Fundamentals 1Pretest on Indian Treaty Rights and Tribal Sovereignty 88 2Maps 90 3Tribal Facts 93 4Seasonal Traditional Activities 101 5Traditional Family and Clan Relationships 103 6Traditional Indian Life: A Photo Essay 108 7Tribal Sovereignty 120 8Chronology of FederalTribal Relations 123 9 Treaty Negotiations 124 10Making Indian Chiefs 127 11The Indian Removal Policy 131 12U.S. Courts and the Indians 135 13Education Programs 142 14Reservation Life 160 15Those Who Remained without Reservations 168 16Indian Land Allotment and U.S. Citizenship 172 17The Status of the Indians in the Late 1920s 178 18Biographical Case Study: Excerpts from the Autobiographyof a Winnebago Indian Woman Mountain Wolf Woman (1884-1960) 184 19The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 191 20Tribal Responses to the Wheeler-Howard (Indian Reorganization) Bill of 1934 195 21Tribal Governments 206 22Tribal Courts, Tribal Judges, and Indian Law in Wisconsin 212 23Indian Soldiers Defend the United States 218 24 The Status of Indians in the 1950s 228 25Termination 239 26Wisconsin's Urban Indians 248 27Indian Resurgence: From Termination to Self-Determination,1961-91 254 28Indian Voices of the 1960s and 1970s 259 29Reflections of Indian Youth 268 30Indian Communities in the Late 1960s 269 31State Legislation, Executive Orders, and Legal Opinions 274 32 Wisconsin Indian Treaty Rights 288 33Indian Gaming and Economic Development 294 34Recognizing the Unrecognized 301 35The Numbers Game 310 36Frequently Asked Quefitions about Indians 314 37Great Lakes Inter-Tribal Council, Inc. 317 5 Treaties Introduction 320 1 Treaty of Greenville between the United States and theChippewa, Potawatomi, and Other Tribes of the Great Lakes Region (1795) 322 2Treaty between the United States and the Sac and FoxIndians (1804) 329 3Treaty between the United States and the Winnebago Nation(1816) 333 4Treaty between the United States and the United Tribes ofthe Ottawas, Chippewas, and Potawatomis (1816) 335 5Treaty between the United States and the Menominee Nation(1817) 338 6Treaty of Green Bay between the Menominee and Winnebago Nations and the Brothertown, Munsee, Oneida, Stockbridge, andOther New York Indian Nations (1821) 340 iv 6 7Treaty of Prairie du Chien between the United States and the Sioux, Chippewa, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Winnebago,a Portion of the United Tribes of Ottawas, Chippewas, and Potawatomis, and Other Tribes (1825) 343 8Treaty of Butte des Mortes between the United States and Chippewa, Menominee, and Winnebago Tribes (1827) 350 9Treaty between the United States and the Winnebago Tribe andthe United Tribes of Potawatomi, Chippewa, and Ottawa Indians(1828) 354 10Treaty between the United States and the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians (1829) 357 11Treaty between the United States and the Winnebago Nation(1829) 361 12Treaty between the United States and the Menominee Nation with Supplementary Articles (1831) 365 13Treaty between the United States and the Menominee Nation with Appendix between the United States and Brothertown, Stockbridge and Munsee, and the Six Nations and St. Regis Tribe (1832) 373 14Treaty between the United States and the Winnebago Nation(1832) 379 15Treaty of Chicago between the United States and the UnitedNations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians (1833) 384 16Treaty of the Cedars between the United States and the Menominee Nation (1836) 395 17Treaty between the United States and the Chippewa Nation(1837) 399 18Treaty between the United States and the Sioux Nation(1837) 402 19Treaty between the United States and the WinnebagoNation (1837) 405 20Treaty of Buffalo Creek between the United States andthe Brothertowns, Munsees, Oneidas, St. Regis, Stookbridges, and Other