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Home , Anthaenantia, Arundinaria appalachiana, Arundinaria gigantea, Calamovilfa, Diarrhena, Eriochloa

Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University

Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data

12-26-2019

Grasses Endemic to the Conterminous

James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected]

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Part of the Botany Commons

Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Grasses Endemic to the Conterminous United States" (2019). Botanical Studies. 89. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/89

This Grasses-United States is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GRASSES ENDEMIC TO THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES

James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata,

26 December 2019

INTRODUCTION densiflora • CA, OR Agrostis hallii • CA, OR For a grass to be an endemic, it must be native and be Agrostis hendersonii • CA, OR restricted to the area specified, in this case the Agrostis hooveri • CA conterminous United States. Native cultivated or Agrostis howellii • OR introduced outside their natural range are still treated as Agrostis lacuna-vernalis: CA (Monterey Co.) endemic. There are degrees of endemism. A grass may be Agrostis rossiae • WY known from a single historical collection, one or a few aequalis var. sonomensis • CA extant populations, a county, a state, a few contiguous Alopecurus saccatus • CA, ID, OR, WA states, a region (e. g., the southeastern U. S.), or it may champlainensis • NY, VT occur widely in many states – but no where else. These Amphicarpum amphicarpon • N, S grasses seem to have been reluctant to wander into Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum • AL, FL, GA, NC, SC , , or the Carribean. arctatus • AL, FL, NC Andropogon brachystachyus • FL, GA, NC, SC Judgement is sometimes required. For instance, maps and Andropogon cumulicola • FL herbarium specimens show a particular grass is found in Andropogon floridanus • AL, FL, GA two adjacent states. Of the 250 records available, 249 are Andropogon glomeratus var. glaucopsis • TX, N, S from one state and only one from the other... and it was Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior • C, G, N, S collected in 1906. I have ignored the 1906 specimen. Andropogon gyrans var. stenophyllus • TX, N, S Andropogon liebmannii var. pungensis • N, S Many of our grasses are found in only one or a few states, Andropogon miamiensis • FL where I show them by their 2-letter postal codes. Others Andropogon ternarius var. cabanisii • FL are more widespread. They are coded as follows: Andropogon tracyi • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC W • West Coast (WA, OR, & CA) Andropogon virginicus var. decipiens • FL, NC, SC, VA M • mountain states (ID and MT south to AZ & NM) Andropogon virginicus var. glaucus • NJ to TX C • central states (ND & MN south to TX) Anthaenantia rufa • TX, S G • Great Lakes (WI & MI south to OH & KY) Anthaenantia texana • AR, LA, TX N • Northeast (New England south to WV & VA) • TX, S S • Southeast (AR to NC south to LA to FL) Anthoxanthum occidentale • CA, OR, WA Aristida condensata • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC By my count, there are eight genera and 352 grasses Aristida desmantha • C, IL, MI, LA endemic to the conterminous United States. Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii • M, C, G, N, S Aristida gyrans • FL, GA ENDEMIC GENERA Aristida lanosa • C, G, N, S Aristida mohrii • AL, FL, GA, SC Amphicarpum (2 species) Aristida palustris • TX, KY, NC, S Anthaenantia (3 species) Aristida patula • FL Chasmanthium (5 species) Aristida purpurascens var. tenuispica • S Neostapfia (1 species • California) Aristida purpurascens var. virgata • TX, N, S Redfieldia (1 species) Aristida ramosissima • C, G. S Scribneria (1 species) (1 specimen from ) Swallenia (1 species • California) Aristida rhizomorpha • FL Vaseyochloa (1 species • ) Aristida simpliciflora • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC • NC, SC ALMOST ENDEMIC GENERA Aristida tuberculosa • C, G, N, S appalachiana • AL, GA, NC, SC, TN Orcuttia (1 of 5 in Baja California) • C, G, N, S Schedonnardus (1 of 1 in Canada and Mexico) • OK, TX, N, S Tuctoria (1 of 3 in Baja California) furcatus • C, N, S

ENDEMIC PLANTS Blepharidachne kingii • CA, ID, UT, NV Bouteloua hirsuta ssp. pectinata • OK, TX Achnatherum wallowaensis • OR Bouteloua kayi • TX (Brewster Co.) Agrostis blasdalei • CA Bromus frondosus • AZ, CO, NM, UT Bromus hallii • CA

-1- Bromus laevipes • CA, NV, OR, WA Elymus pacificus • CA Bromus maritimus • CA, OR Elymus salina • CA, M Bromus orcuttianus • CA, AZ, NV, OR, WA Elymus x saundersii • W, C Bromus pseudolaevipes • CA Elymus sierrae • CA, NV Bromus suksdorfii • CA, ID, NV, OR, WA Elymus simplex • AZ, CA, CO, NV, OR, UT, WY Elymus stebbinsii • CA bolanderi • CA Elymus svensonii • AR, KY, MO, OK, TN Calamagrostis breweri • CA, OR Elymus texensis • TX Calamagrostis cainii • NC, TN Elymus wawawaiensis • ID, MT, OR, WA, WY Calamagrostis foliosa • CA Eragrostis lutescens • W, M Calamagrostis howellii • OR, WA Eragrostis pectinacea var. tracyi • FL Calamagrostis koelerioides • CA, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY Eragrostis refracta • C, VA, S Calamagrostis muiriana • CA Eragrostis trichodes • M, C, G, N, S Calamagrostis ophiditis • CA Eriochloa michauxii var. michauxii • AL, FL, GA, SC Calamagrostis perplexa • NY (Thompkins Co.) Eriochloa michauxii var. simpsonii • FL Calamagrostis porteri ssp. insperata • C, G, S Eustachys floridana • AL, FL, GA Calamagrostis porteri ssp. porteri • G, N, S • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC Calamagrostis scopulorum • AZ, CO, MT, NM, UT, WY Eustachys neglecta • AL, FL, TX Calamagrostis tacomensis • OR, WA Calamagrostis utsutsuensis • OR (Harney Co.) Festuca brachyphylla ssp. breviculmis • CA X Calammophila don-hensonii • MI Festuca brachyphylla ssp. coloradensis • W, M • AL, AR, OK, TN Festuca californica var. californica • OR, CA Calamovilfa brevipilis • NC, NJ, SC, VA Festuca californica var. hitchcockiana • CA Calamovilfa curtissii • FL Festuca californica var. parishii • CA • M, C Festuca calligera • AZ, CO, NM, UT, WY Chasmanthium latifolium • M, C, N, S Festuca dasyclada • UT, CO Chasmanthium laxum • C, G, N, S Festuca earlei • AZ, CO, UT, NM Chasmanthium nitidum • AL, FL, GA, NC, SC Festuca elmeri • WA, OR, CA Chasmanthium ornithorhynchum • AL, FL, LA, MS, NC, SC Festuca kingii • W, M, C Chasmanthium sessiliflorum • C, N, S Festuca sciurea • C, G, N, S x subdolichostachya • AZ, KS, LA, NM, TX Festuca sororia • AZ, CA, CO, MO, NM, UT Chloris texensis • TX Festuca thurberi • AZ, CO, NM, SC, UT, WY bolanderi • CA Festuca versuta • AR, KS, OK, TN, TX Coelorachis cylindrica • C, S Festuca washingtoniana • WA Coelorachis rugosa • TX, N, S Coelorachis tessellata • AL, FL, GA, LA, MS Glyceria acutiflora • C, G, N, S Coelorachis tuberculosa • AL, FL, GA Glyceria nubigena • NC, TN • N, S Glyceria septentrionalis var. arkansana • C, G, N, S Ctenium floridanum • FL, GA Greeneochloa tweedyi • ID, MT, WA Gymnopogon brevifolius • C, N, S Danthonia epilis • GA, NC, NJ, SC, TN, VA Gymnopogon chapmanianus • GA, FL Danthonia sericea • C, G, N, S • C, G, N, S Helictotrichon mortonianum • CO, NM, UT, WY arenicola • TX Hilaria jamesii • W, M, C Digitaria floridana • FL Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum • CA, NV Digitaria gracillima • FL Digitaria leucocoma • FL (Lake Co.) Leersia hexandra • TX, VA, S Digitaria pauciflora • FL Leersia lenticularis • C, G, N, S Digitaria simpsonii • FL Leptoloma pubiflorum var. syrticola • TX Digitaria texana • FL, TX Melica aristata • CA, KY, NV, OR, WA Echinochloa paludigena • FL, TX Melica californica • CA, OR X Elyhordeum californicum • CA Melica geyeri var. aristulata • CA (Marin Co.) X Elyhordeum dakotense • SD (Brookings Co.) Melica geyeri var. geyeri • CA, OR X Elyhordeum iowense • IA, MT, ND, NE Melica mutica • C, G, N, S X Elyhordeum piperi • OR, WA Melica stricta var. albicaulis • CA X Elyhordeum stebbinsianum • CA, OR, WA Melica stricta var. stricta • CA, NV, OR, UT Elymus ambiguus ssp. ambiguus • CO, MT, NM, WY Melica torreyana • CA Elymus ambiguus ssp. salmonis • ID, NV, UT Muhlenbergia bushii • C, G, N, S Elymus x aristatus • CA, CO, ID, NV, OR, WA, WY • CA Elymus bakeri • W, M Muhlenbergia curtifolia • AZ, NV, UT Elymus californicus • CA Muhlenbergia expansa • TX, G, N, S Elymus churchii • AR, MO, OK Muhlenbergia filiculmis • AZ, CO, ND, NM, UT, WY Elymus elymoides ssp. hordeoides • CA, ID, NV, OR, WA Muhlenbergia glabrifloris • C, G, N, S Elymus flavescens • ID, OR, SD, WA Muhlenbergia x involuta • TX Elymus glabriflorus • C, G, N, S Muhlenbergia jonesii • CA Elymus glaucus ssp. mackenzii • AK, MO, OK • M, C Elymus hystrix var. bigelovianus • C, G, N, NC • OK, TX Elymus hystrix var. piedmontanus • NC (Chatham Co.) Muhlenbergia sericea • AL, FL, GA, MS Elymus x pinaloensis • AZ (Graham Co.) Muhlenbergia straminea • AZ, NM, TX

-2- Muhlenbergia tenuiflora • AZ, NM, TX Poa diaboli • CA (San Luis Obispo Co.) Muhlenbergia thurberi • AZ, CO, NM, NV, UT Poa douglasii • CA • N, S Poa keckii • CA Muhlenbergia villiflora var. villosa • NM, TX Poa kelloggii • CA Poa liebergii • ID, NV, OR, WA Neostapfia colusana • CA Poa mansfieldii • OR (Harney Co.) Poa x multnomae • OR Orcuttia inaequalis • CA Poa napensis • CA (Napa Co.) Orcuttia pilosa • CA Poa occidentalis • AZ, CO, NM, TX Orcuttia tenuis • CA Poa paludigena • C, G, N, S Orcuttia viscida • CA (Sacramento Co.) Poa piperi • CA, OR Oryzopsis swallenii • ID, WY Poa pringlei • CA, NV, OR Poa reflexa • W, M aculeatum • G, N, S Poa rhizomata • CA, OR Panicum acuminatum var. columbianum • G, N Poa sierrae • CA Panicum acuminatum var. thermale • CA (Sonoma Co.) Poa stebbinsii • CA Panicum anceps var. anceps • C, G, N, S Poa tenerrima • CA Panicum anceps var. rhizomatum • TX, N, S Poa tracyi • CO, NM Panicum boscii • C, G, N, S Poa unilateralis ssp. pachypholis • OR, WA Panicum brachyanthum • AR, LA, MS, OK, TX Poa unilateralis ssp. unilateralis • CA, OR Panicum chamaelonche var. breve • FL Poa wallowensis • OR Panicum chamaelonche var. chamalonche • C, G, N, S Poa wolfii • AR, IA, IL, IN, MN, MO, OH, VA, WI Panicum consanguineum • C, G, N, S Puccinellia howellii • CA (Shasta Co.) Panicum dichotomum var. lucidum • C, G, N, S Puccinellia lemmonii • W, M Panicum dichotomum var. mattamuskeetense • N, S Puccinellia parishii • CA, AZ, NM, TX Panicum dichotomum var. yadkinense • C, G, N, S Puccinellia simplex • CA, UT Panicum ensifolium var. curtifolium • TX, S Panicum glabrifolium • FL Redfieldia flexuosa • M, C, IL Panicum gymnocarpon • OK, TX, N, S Panicum hillmanii • CA, CO, IA, KS, NM, OK, TX Saccharum alopecuroides • C, G, N, S Panicum hirstii • N, S Saccharum baldwinii • C, G, N, S Panicum malacon • N, S Saccharum brevibarbe var. brevibarbe • C, IL, N, S Panicum malacophyllum • OK, TX, N, S Saccharum brevibarbe var. contortum • C, G, N, S Panicum microcarpon • C, G, N, S Saccharum coarctatum • TX, N, S Panicum mohavense • AZ, NM Schizachyrium littorale • C, G, N, S Panicum mundum • AL, NC, TN, VA Schizachyrium maritimum • AL, FL, LA, MS Panicum nudicaule • AL, FL, LA, MS Schizachyrium niveum • FL, GA. Panicum philadelphicum ssp. lithophilum • GA, NC, SC Schizachyrium rhizomatum • FL Panicum pinetorum • FL var. divergens • TX, G, N, S Panicum polyanthes • C, G, N, S Schizachyrium scoparium var. stoloniferum • S Panicum ravenelii • C, G, N, S Scribneria bolanderi • CA, OR, WA († ?) Panicum recognitum • CT, NJ, RI, PA Setaria reverchonii ssp. firmula • OK, TX Panicum rigidulum var. abscissum • FL Sorghastrum elliottii • OK, TX, IN, N, S Panicum rigidulum var. combsii • TX, N, S Sorghastrum secundum • KS, S Panicum rigidulum var. elongatum • C, G, N, S Spartina bakeri • FL, GA, SC, TX Panicum scabriusculum • TX, N, S Spartina cynosuroides • TX, N, S Panicum verrucosum • N, S Sphenopholis filiformis • OK, TX, NC, S bifidum • C, N, S Sphenopholis longiflora • AR, LA, TX Paspalum floridanum • C, G, N, S Sphenopholis x pallens • G, N, S Paspalum laeve • C, G, N, S Sphenopholis pensylvanica • C, G, N, S Paspalum praecox • TX, IL, N, S clandestinus • C, G, N, S Paspalum separatum • TX Sporobolus compositus var. drummondii • C, S Phalaris californica • CA, OR Sporobolus compositus var. macer • C, LA Phalaris lemmonii • CA Sporobolus curtissii • AL, FL, GA, SC var. californicus • CA Sporobolus floridanus • AL, FL, GA, SC Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi • CA Sporobolus interruptus • AZ • CA Sporobolus pinetorum • GA, NC, SC Pleuropogon oreganus • OR Sporobolus silveanus • LA, OK, TX Poa abbreviata ssp. marshii • CA, ID, MT, NV, WY Sporobolus teretifolius • AL, GA, NC, SC Poa arachnifera • NM, C, IL, S Sporobolus texanus • M, C Poa arctica ssp. aperta • CO, NM, WY Sporobolus tharpii • TX Poa arctica ssp. grayana • C0, MT, NM, UT, WY Stipa arida • AZ, CA, CO, NM, NV, TX, UT Poa arnowiae • ID, UT Stipa arnowiae • UT, AZ, CO Poa atropurpurea • CA Stipa avenacioides • FL Poa autumnalis • C, G, N, S Stipa x bloomeri • W, M Poa chambersii • OR Stipa contracta • CO, MT, UT, WY Poa chapmaniana • C, G, N, S Stipa hendersonii • ID, OR, WA Poa curtifolia • WA Stipa kingii • CA Poa cusickii ssp. cusickii • WA, OR, CA, MT, ID, NV Stipa x latiglumis • CA Poa cuspidata • G, N, S Stipa lemmonii var. pubescens • CA

-3- Stipa lettermanii • W, M PRIMARY SOURCES Stipa lobata • AZ, NM, TX Stipa nevadensis • W, M Barkworth, M. E. et al. (editors). 2003; 2007. Flora North Stipa occidentalis var. occidentalis • CA America north of Mexico. Volumes 24 & 25. Oxford Stipa perplexa • AZ, NM, TX, UT University Press. Stipa pinetorum • W, M Stipa porteri • CO, NM Beetle, A. A. 1983. Las Gramineas de Mexico. Secretaria de Stipa scribneri • CO, NM, OK, TX, WY Agriculture y Recursos Hidraulicos. Tomo I. 259 pp. Stipa shoshoneana • ID, NV Stipa stillmanii • CA Beetle, A. A. 1987. Las Gramineas de Mexico. Secretaria de Stipa thurberiana • W, M Agriculture y Recursos Hidraulicos. Tomo I. 344 pp. Stipa webberi • CA, CO, ID, NV, OR, SD, UT Swallenia alexandrae • CA (Inyo Co.) Catalogue of New World Grasses. tropicos.org/Project/CNWG Torreyochloa erecta • CA, OR, NV Tridens ambiguus • AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX Database of vasculr plants of Canada (VASCAN). Tridens buckleyanus • TX data.canadensys.net/vascan Tridens carolinianus • AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC Tridens congestus • AZ, TX Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of the grasses of the United Tridens flavus var. chapmanii • C, N, S States. Second edition revised by A. Chase. Tridens muticus var. elongatus • M, C, AR, LA Tridens strictus • C, IL, N, S Kartesz, J. The biota of Program. North Triplasis americana • AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC American vascular flora. bonap.org Trisetum orthochaetum • MT (Missoula Co.) Trisetum spicatum var. projectum • CA, MT, NV Plants database. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Tuctoria greenei • CA U. S. Department of Agriculture. plants.usda.gov Tuctoria mucronata • CA (Solano Co.) Rebman, J. P., J. Gibson, & K. Rich. 2016. Annotated check- ciliatissima • AR, NM, OK, TX list of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Number 45: 1-352. Vaseyochloa multinervosa • TX

Willkommia texana var. texana • OK, TX

Zizania texana • TX (Hays Co.)

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