Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 12-26-2019 Grasses Endemic to the Conterminous United States James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Grasses Endemic to the Conterminous United States" (2019). Botanical Studies. 89. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/89 This Grasses-United States is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GRASSES ENDEMIC TO THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California 26 December 2019 INTRODUCTION Agrostis densiflora • CA, OR Agrostis hallii • CA, OR For a grass to be an endemic, it must be native and be Agrostis hendersonii • CA, OR restricted to the area specified, in this case the Agrostis hooveri • CA conterminous United States. Native plants cultivated or Agrostis howellii • OR introduced outside their natural range are still treated as Agrostis lacuna-vernalis: CA (Monterey Co.) endemic. There are degrees of endemism. A grass may be Agrostis rossiae • WY known from a single historical collection, one or a few Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis • CA extant populations, a county, a state, a few contiguous Alopecurus saccatus • CA, ID, OR, WA states, a region (e. g., the southeastern U. S.), or it may Ammophila champlainensis • NY, VT occur widely in many states – but no where else. These Amphicarpum amphicarpon • N, S grasses seem to have been reluctant to wander into Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum • AL, FL, GA, NC, SC Canada, Mexico, or the Carribean. Andropogon arctatus • AL, FL, NC Andropogon brachystachyus • FL, GA, NC, SC Judgement is sometimes required. For instance, maps and Andropogon cumulicola • FL herbarium specimens show a particular grass is found in Andropogon floridanus • AL, FL, GA two adjacent states. Of the 250 records available, 249 are Andropogon glomeratus var. glaucopsis • TX, N, S from one state and only one from the other... and it was Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior • C, G, N, S collected in 1906. I have ignored the 1906 specimen. Andropogon gyrans var. stenophyllus • TX, N, S Andropogon liebmannii var. pungensis • N, S Many of our grasses are found in only one or a few states, Andropogon miamiensis • FL where I show them by their 2-letter postal codes. Others Andropogon ternarius var. cabanisii • FL are more widespread. They are coded as follows: Andropogon tracyi • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC W • West Coast (WA, OR, & CA) Andropogon virginicus var. decipiens • FL, NC, SC, VA M • mountain states (ID and MT south to AZ & NM) Andropogon virginicus var. glaucus • NJ to TX C • central states (ND & MN south to TX) Anthaenantia rufa • TX, S G • Great Lakes (WI & MI south to OH & KY) Anthaenantia texana • AR, LA, TX N • Northeast (New England south to WV & VA) Anthaenantia villosa • TX, S S • Southeast (AR to NC south to LA to FL) Anthoxanthum occidentale • CA, OR, WA Aristida condensata • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC By my count, there are eight genera and 352 grasses Aristida desmantha • C, IL, MI, LA endemic to the conterminous United States. Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii • M, C, G, N, S Aristida gyrans • FL, GA ENDEMIC GENERA Aristida lanosa • C, G, N, S Aristida mohrii • AL, FL, GA, SC Amphicarpum (2 species) Aristida palustris • TX, KY, NC, S Anthaenantia (3 species) Aristida patula • FL Chasmanthium (5 species) Aristida purpurascens var. tenuispica • S Neostapfia (1 species • California) Aristida purpurascens var. virgata • TX, N, S Redfieldia (1 species) Aristida ramosissima • C, G. S Scribneria (1 species) (1 specimen from Baja California) Swallenia (1 species • California) Aristida rhizomorpha • FL Vaseyochloa (1 species • Texas) Aristida simpliciflora • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC Aristida stricta • NC, SC ALMOST ENDEMIC GENERA Aristida tuberculosa • C, G, N, S Arundinaria appalachiana • AL, GA, NC, SC, TN Orcuttia (1 of 5 in Baja California) Arundinaria gigantea • C, G, N, S Schedonnardus (1 of 1 in Canada and Mexico) Arundinaria tecta • OK, TX, N, S Tuctoria (1 of 3 in Baja California) Axonopus furcatus • C, N, S ENDEMIC PLANTS Blepharidachne kingii • CA, ID, UT, NV Bouteloua hirsuta ssp. pectinata • OK, TX Achnatherum wallowaensis • OR Bouteloua kayi • TX (Brewster Co.) Agrostis blasdalei • CA Bromus frondosus • AZ, CO, NM, UT Bromus hallii • CA -1- Bromus laevipes • CA, NV, OR, WA Elymus pacificus • CA Bromus maritimus • CA, OR Elymus salina • CA, M Bromus orcuttianus • CA, AZ, NV, OR, WA Elymus x saundersii • W, C Bromus pseudolaevipes • CA Elymus sierrae • CA, NV Bromus suksdorfii • CA, ID, NV, OR, WA Elymus simplex • AZ, CA, CO, NV, OR, UT, WY Elymus stebbinsii • CA Calamagrostis bolanderi • CA Elymus svensonii • AR, KY, MO, OK, TN Calamagrostis breweri • CA, OR Elymus texensis • TX Calamagrostis cainii • NC, TN Elymus wawawaiensis • ID, MT, OR, WA, WY Calamagrostis foliosa • CA Eragrostis lutescens • W, M Calamagrostis howellii • OR, WA Eragrostis pectinacea var. tracyi • FL Calamagrostis koelerioides • CA, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY Eragrostis refracta • C, VA, S Calamagrostis muiriana • CA Eragrostis trichodes • M, C, G, N, S Calamagrostis ophiditis • CA Eriochloa michauxii var. michauxii • AL, FL, GA, SC Calamagrostis perplexa • NY (Thompkins Co.) Eriochloa michauxii var. simpsonii • FL Calamagrostis porteri ssp. insperata • C, G, S Eustachys floridana • AL, FL, GA Calamagrostis porteri ssp. porteri • G, N, S Eustachys glauca • AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC Calamagrostis scopulorum • AZ, CO, MT, NM, UT, WY Eustachys neglecta • AL, FL, TX Calamagrostis tacomensis • OR, WA Calamagrostis utsutsuensis • OR (Harney Co.) Festuca brachyphylla ssp. breviculmis • CA X Calammophila don-hensonii • MI Festuca brachyphylla ssp. coloradensis • W, M Calamovilfa arcuata • AL, AR, OK, TN Festuca californica var. californica • OR, CA Calamovilfa brevipilis • NC, NJ, SC, VA Festuca californica var. hitchcockiana • CA Calamovilfa curtissii • FL Festuca californica var. parishii • CA Calamovilfa gigantea • M, C Festuca calligera • AZ, CO, NM, UT, WY Chasmanthium latifolium • M, C, N, S Festuca dasyclada • UT, CO Chasmanthium laxum • C, G, N, S Festuca earlei • AZ, CO, UT, NM Chasmanthium nitidum • AL, FL, GA, NC, SC Festuca elmeri • WA, OR, CA Chasmanthium ornithorhynchum • AL, FL, LA, MS, NC, SC Festuca kingii • W, M, C Chasmanthium sessiliflorum • C, N, S Festuca sciurea • C, G, N, S Chloris x subdolichostachya • AZ, KS, LA, NM, TX Festuca sororia • AZ, CA, CO, MO, NM, UT Chloris texensis • TX Festuca thurberi • AZ, CO, NM, SC, UT, WY Cinna bolanderi • CA Festuca versuta • AR, KS, OK, TN, TX Coelorachis cylindrica • C, S Festuca washingtoniana • WA Coelorachis rugosa • TX, N, S Coelorachis tessellata • AL, FL, GA, LA, MS Glyceria acutiflora • C, G, N, S Coelorachis tuberculosa • AL, FL, GA Glyceria nubigena • NC, TN Ctenium aromaticum • N, S Glyceria septentrionalis var. arkansana • C, G, N, S Ctenium floridanum • FL, GA Greeneochloa tweedyi • ID, MT, WA Gymnopogon brevifolius • C, N, S Danthonia epilis • GA, NC, NJ, SC, TN, VA Gymnopogon chapmanianus • GA, FL Danthonia sericea • C, G, N, S Diarrhena americana • C, G, N, S Helictotrichon mortonianum • CO, NM, UT, WY Digitaria arenicola • TX Hilaria jamesii • W, M, C Digitaria floridana • FL Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum • CA, NV Digitaria gracillima • FL Digitaria leucocoma • FL (Lake Co.) Leersia hexandra • TX, VA, S Digitaria pauciflora • FL Leersia lenticularis • C, G, N, S Digitaria simpsonii • FL Leptoloma pubiflorum var. syrticola • TX Digitaria texana • FL, TX Melica aristata • CA, KY, NV, OR, WA Echinochloa paludigena • FL, TX Melica californica • CA, OR X Elyhordeum californicum • CA Melica geyeri var. aristulata • CA (Marin Co.) X Elyhordeum dakotense • SD (Brookings Co.) Melica geyeri var. geyeri • CA, OR X Elyhordeum iowense • IA, MT, ND, NE Melica mutica • C, G, N, S X Elyhordeum piperi • OR, WA Melica stricta var. albicaulis • CA X Elyhordeum stebbinsianum • CA, OR, WA Melica stricta var. stricta • CA, NV, OR, UT Elymus ambiguus ssp. ambiguus • CO, MT, NM, WY Melica torreyana • CA Elymus ambiguus ssp. salmonis • ID, NV, UT Muhlenbergia bushii • C, G, N, S Elymus x aristatus • CA, CO, ID, NV, OR, WA, WY Muhlenbergia californica • CA Elymus bakeri • W, M Muhlenbergia curtifolia • AZ, NV, UT Elymus californicus • CA Muhlenbergia expansa • TX, G, N, S Elymus churchii • AR, MO, OK Muhlenbergia filiculmis • AZ, CO, ND, NM, UT, WY Elymus elymoides ssp. hordeoides • CA, ID, NV, OR, WA Muhlenbergia glabrifloris • C, G, N, S Elymus flavescens • ID, OR, SD, WA Muhlenbergia x involuta • TX Elymus glabriflorus • C, G, N, S Muhlenbergia jonesii • CA Elymus glaucus ssp. mackenzii • AK, MO, OK Muhlenbergia pungens • M, C Elymus hystrix var. bigelovianus • C, G, N, NC Muhlenbergia reverchonii • OK, TX Elymus hystrix var. piedmontanus • NC (Chatham Co.) Muhlenbergia sericea • AL, FL, GA, MS Elymus x pinaloensis • AZ (Graham Co.) Muhlenbergia straminea • AZ, NM, TX -2- Muhlenbergia tenuiflora • AZ, NM, TX Poa diaboli • CA (San Luis Obispo Co.) Muhlenbergia thurberi • AZ,