PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 121(4), 2019, pp. 544–556 HOST RECORDS FOR TORTRICIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) REARED FROM SEEDS AND FRUITS IN A THAILAND RAINFOREST JOHN W. BROWN,YVES BASSET,MONTARIKA PANMENG,SUTIPUN PUTNAUL, AND SCOTT E. MILLER (JWB) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 (e-mail: [email protected]); (YB) ForestGEO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama City, Republic of Panama (e-mail: [email protected]); (MP, SP) ForestGEO Arthropod Laboratory, Khao Chong Botanical Garden, Na Yong, Thailand ([email protected]); (SEM) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.—A survey of insects reared from seeds and fruits in a rainforest in Thailand yielded 337 specimens of Tortricidae representing 16 species. Based on this material, we present host records for the following: Hilarographa muluana Razowski complex (Chlidanotini), Archips machlopis (Meyrick) (Archipini), Cryptaspasma brachyptycha (Meyrick) (Microcorsini), Collogenes squamosa (Diakonoff) (Microcorsini), Gatesclarkeana idia Diakonoff (Olethreutini), Heli- ctophanes prospera (Meyrick) (Olethreutini), Lobesia aelopa (Meyrick) (Oleth- reutini), Hoplitendemis sp. A (Olethreutini), Cryptophlebia rhynchias (Meyrick) (Grapholitini), Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower), Cryptophlebia sp. (undeter- mined) (Grapholitini), Thaumatotibia sp. (undetermined) (Grapholitini), An- drioplecta shoreae Komai (Grapholitini), Andrioplecta subpulverula (Obraztsov) (Grapholitini), Andrioplecta (?) species (undetermined) (Grapholitini), and Cydia (?) species (undetermined) (Grapholitini). Tortricids were reared from 30 plant species representing 12 plant families, with Sapindaceae and Annonaceae sup- porting the greatest number of species, seven and six, respectively. Consistent with other surveys of seed- and fruit-feeding tortricids, the tribe Grapholitini repre- sented 50% of the total tortricid species and 73% of the total tortricid specimens in the Thailand survey. Key Words: Andrioplecta, Annonaceae, barcodes, Cryptophlebia, Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Grapholitini, Hilarographa, Indo-Australia, Sapindaceae DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.121.4.544 Large-scale insect rearing projects et al. 2002, Sam et al. 2017), Ecuador conducted in various tropical sites (e.g., Bodner et al. 2010, 2012), Costa throughout the world, including Kenya Rica (e.g., Janzen and Hallwachs 2009, (e.g., Copeland et al. 2002, 2009; Miller 2016), Thailand (e.g., Basset et al. et al. 2014), New Guinea (e.g., Novotny 2018), Panama (e.g., Gripenberg et al. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 25 Nov 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Smithsonian Institution VOLUME 121, NUMBER 4 545 2019), and others, have contributed a seminatural conditions in pots lined with remarkable amount of new host plant tissue paper and covered with very fine data for many groups of phytophagous netting for ventilation and to avoid sub- insects including the large, and eco- sequent colonization and/or contamina- nomically important lepidopteran family tion. The pots were checked twice a Tortricidae (e.g., Brown et al. 2014). week, and any emerging insects were During a recent three-year survey of collected, preserved, and pinned. Seeds seed- and fruit-feeding insects in Thai- and fruits were kept for three months and land (Basset et al. 2019), 1,970 sam- then dissected to determine the presence ples were collected representing 39,252 of developing larvae. Those with live seeds or fruits from 357 liana and tree larvae were retained for an additional species (and a few herbs) representing rearing period, and the remaining were 66 plant families. Among the insects discarded. reared were 337 specimens of tortricid DNA Barcoding.—Tissue samples (one moths, representing 16 species. The leg of an adult moth) were used to am- purpose of this contribution is to present plify a ;650bp region of the mitochon- host records for these tortricids in the drial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI), context of previously recorded larval commonly referred to as the DNA bar- food plants. code, using standard Sanger sequencing procedures employed at the Biodiver- MATERIALS AND METHODS sity Institute of Ontario, University of Study site.—The survey was con- Guelph (Hebert et al. 2003, Craft et al. ducted on a 24-ha permanent vegetation 2010, Wilson 2012). Barcode Index plot at Khao Chong Botanical Garden Numbers (BINs) using the RESL algo- (KHC) and surrounding habitat, located rithm were used to help delineate spe- in lowland seasonal evergreen rainforest cies (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013). of the Khao Ban Thad Wildlife Sanctuary Unfortunately, many of the specimens in southern Thailand. The site supports at yielded poor or incomplete sequence least 593 tree species, representing 285 data owing to their exposure to high genera and 82 families. humidity. Next-generation sequencing Sampling and rearing.—Methods of (NGS) (Hebert et al. 2018) yielded sig- seed and fruit collection and insect nificantly improved results for a small rearing are detailed by Basset et al. sample of these. (2019) and can be summarized as fol- Depositories.—Vouchers of adults are lows. In 2013, seeds and fruits were deposited in the Thai Department of collected from locally abundant tree, National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Con- shrub, and liana (more rarely herb) spe- servation, Bangkok, Thailand, and the cies. During 2014 and 2015, sampling National Museum of Natural History, was restricted to the 10 most common Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., plant families at KHC: Annonaceae, USA. Arecaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Phyl- RESULTS lanthaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae. The survey yielded 337 specimens of Seeds and fruits still on plants or freshly Tortricidae representing 16 species. We fallen (without apparent decomposition) recorded tortricids from 30 plant species were collected and brought into the representing 12 plant families (Table 1). laboratory where they were kept under The reared species represent only a small Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 25 Nov 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Smithsonian Institution 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON percentage of the tortricid fauna of the (K. Nishida, personal communication), site, but likely constitute a reasonable and Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae in sample of the fruit- and seed-eating Papua New Guinea (Sam et al. 2017). members of that fauna. Below we pres- This fairly wide range of host families ent host records for all specimens that provides little evidence of host speci- could be identified at least to tribe. ficity at the tribal or generic levels; Using Sanger sequencing we obtained the only feature these records have in barcodes for only three species: Hilar- common is the internal feeding habit. ographa muluana complex (n = 5), During the study in Thailand, 44 Andrioplecta shoreae (n = 7), and specimens of Hilarographa muluana Cryptophlebia rhynchias (n = 7). Using Razowski complex were reared from NGS we were able to add two more three different hosts: Pseuduvaria ru- species: Hoplitendemis sp. A (n = 2) and gosa (n = 40), Mezzettia parviflora (n = Helictophanes prospera (n = 1) (Table 3), and Artabotrys sp. (n = 1) (all An- 2). Full specimen data (including host nonaceae). plants) for specimens sequenced (including The adult and male genitalia of our those that failed) and images are avail- specimens are identical to those illus- able on BOLD (www.boldsystems.org), trated by Razowski (2009: figs. 29, 30, accessible from the dataset KHCFRUIT 80) for Hilarographa muluana, which using a DOI (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS- he described from Sarawak. They are KHCFRUIT). Barcode data are depos- also identical to those of a species of ited in GenBank (Table 2). Hilarographa reared from fruit in Papua New Guinea, listed by Sam et al. (2017) as Hilarographa nr muluana. However, Chlidanotinae: Hilarographini barcodes show a 3.2% difference be- Hilarographa muluana Razowski tween the specimens from Thailand and complex those from Papua New Guinea; hence, it Hilarographini is a small tribe in the is uncertain which of these species, if primitive tortricid subfamily Chlidano- either, is actually H. muluana. There- tinae (Regier et al. 2012). The tribe is fore, we refer to all of them as “H. primarily pantropical in distribution muluana complex.” Specimens from (Heppner 1982), and its foodplants are Papua New Guinea were reared from the poorly known. Species of Thaumatog- fruit of Phrynium macrocephalum and rapha are reported to be internal borers P. pedunculatum (Marantaceae) (Sam in the stems and cambium of several et al. 2017). plant families, including Lauraceae (Diakonoff 1982), Myrsinaceae (Diakonoff Tortricinae: Archipini and Arita 1981), Pinaceae (Diakonoff and Archips machlopis (Meyrick) Arita 1981, Heppner 1982, Brown et al. 2008), Rubiaceae (Heppner 1982), and Archipini is one of the largest tribes in Zingiberaceae (Heppner 1982). Idiot- Tortricidae with over 2000 described hauma near africanum Walsingham was species distributed worldwide (Brown reared from the fruit of Maesa lanceo- 2005, Regier et al. 2012). The vast ma- lata (Myrsinaceae) (Brown et al. 2014) jority of