Parliamentary Affairs (2013) 66, 197–212 doi:10.1093/pa/gss072 Towards Parity Democracy? Gender in the 2012 French Legislative Elections Rainbow Murray* Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Downloaded from *
[email protected] The victory of the Left in 2012, and the application of reinforced parity legislation, led to significant gains for women in French politics, with 27% women in parlia- ment and 50% in government, including a powerful Women’s Minister. However, http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/ a poor performance by the Right, and the concentration of women in less power- ful positions, indicate that the battle for equality is not yet won. Se´ gole` ne Royal’s bid to become France’s first female Speaker also ended in drama and failure. Pro- mises to remove all state funding for parties who do not respect parity in the future could be the most important outcome for women of this election. by guest on December 10, 2012 1. Introduction The French ‘parity’ law, introduced in 2000, has never come close to fulfilling its constitutional goal of promoting equal access of men and women into politics. It has not even met the legal requirement of an equal number of male and female candidates for parliamentary seats. In 2002, the first time the law was applied, the total percentage of women candidates was 38.9%, rising to 41.6% in 2007. Many of these women were fielded in unwinnable seats, meaning that the total proportions of women elected were even further removed from parity. In 1997, women filled 10.9% of seats in the National Assembly; this rose to only 12.3% in 2002, and 18.5% in 2007.