Strategy for Denmark's Engagement with the United Nations
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Part 2: Reform of the United Nations
Part 2 Reform of the United Nations Reform of the United Nations During 1999, UN Secretary General Annan continued to move forward with his program of administrative and budgetary reforms. The 2000– 2001 UN budget came in at virtually the same level as the initial budget approved for the previous biennium, 1998–1999; administrative overhead costs were steadily reduced; and the Office of Internal Oversight Services identified millions of dollars in cost savings. Many of the Secretary General’s “Track One” and “Track Two” reforms were implemented, improving the efficiency of UN activities in the areas of development, humanitarian relief, human rights, and peace- keeping. By the end of 1999, however, the General Assembly had not yet acted on some other recommendations put forward by the Secretary Gen- eral that are priorities for the United States: results–based budgeting, which uses performance indicators to assess progress toward specific objectives, and sunset provisions for new UN programs. The United States continues to press for implementation of these measures. Apart from these efforts, discussions continued on reforming peace- keeping operations and possibly expanding the Security Council to 20 or 21 members, including permanent seats for Germany and Japan. Secretary General’s Reform Initiatives UN Secretary General Kofi Annan incorporated many U.S. ideas on improving UN economic and social institutions, activities, and programs into his two 1997 reform packages (“Track One” and “Track Two” reforms). The United States worked to generate member state support for their prompt implementation. In December 1997, the General Assembly adopted the Track One measures and most of the Track Two recommenda- tions by consensus. -
Trade and Investment Factsheets: Denmark
Denmark This factsheet provides the latest statistics on trade and investment between the UK and Denmark. Date of release: 17 September 2021; Date of next planned release: 7 October 2021 Total trade in goods and services (exports plus imports) between the UK and Denmark was £11.6 billion in the four quarters to the end of Q1 2021, a decrease of 16.5% or £2.3 billion from the four quarters to the end of Q1 2020. Of this £11.6 billion: • Total UK exports to Denmark amounted to £5.5 billion in the four quarters to the end of Q1 2021 (a decrease of 10.2% or £626 million compared to the four quarters to the end of Q1 2020); • Total UK imports from Denmark amounted to £6.1 billion in the four quarters to the end of Q1 2021 (a decrease of 21.5% or £1.7 billion compared to the four quarters to the end of Q1 2020). Denmark was the UK’s 22nd largest trading partner in the four quarters to the end of Q1 2021 accounting for 1.0% of total UK trade.1 In 2019, the outward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the UK in Denmark was £6.4 billion accounting for 0.4% of the total UK outward FDI stock. In 2019, the inward stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the UK from Denmark was £7.2 billion accounting for 0.5% of the total UK inward FDI stock.2 1 Trade data sourced from the latest ONS publication of UK total trade data. -
The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919–2009
The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2009 First published in paperback in 2009 by the International Labour Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland First published in hardback in 2009 by Cornell University Press, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States (available for sale in North America only) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copy- right Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele International Labour Office. – Geneva: ILO, 2009 ISBN 978-92-2-121955-2 (paperback) ILO / role of ILO / ILO standard setting / tripartism / workers rights / quality of working life / social security / promotion of employment / poverty alleviation / decent work / history / trend 01.03.7 Also available in hardback: The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 (ISBN 978-0-8014-4849-2), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2009. -
Towards the Kalmar Union
S P E C I A L I Z E D A G E N C I E S TOWARDS THE KALMAR UNION Dear Delegates, Welcome to the 31st Annual North American Model United Nations 2016 at the University of Toronto! On behalf of all of the staff at NAMUN, we welcome you to the Specialized Agency branch of the conference. I, and the rest of the committee staff are thrilled to have you be a delegate in Scandinavia during the High Middle Ages, taking on this challenging yet fascinating topic on the futures of the three Scandinavian Kingdoms in a time of despair, poverty, dependence and competitiveness. This will truly be a new committee experience, as you must really delve into the history of these Kingdoms and figure out how to cooperate with each other without sending everyone into their demise. To begin, in the Towards the Kalmar Union Specialized Agency, delegates will represent influential characters from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which include prominent knights, monarchs, nobles, and important religious figures who dominate the political, military and economic scenes of their respective Kingdoms. The impending issues that will be discussed at the meeting in Kalmar, Sweden include the future of the Danish and Norwegian crowns after the death of the sole heir to the thrones, Olaf II. Here, two distant relatives to Valdemar IV have a claim to the throne and delegates will need to decide who will succeed to the throne. The second order of business is to discuss the growing German presence in Sweden, especially in major economic cities. -
United Nations Convention Against Corruption
04-56160_c1-4.qxd 17/08/2004 12:33 Page 1 Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: +(43) (1) 26060-0, Fax: +(43) (1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST CORRUPTION Printed in Austria V.04-56160—August 2004—copies UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST CORRUPTION UNITED NATIONS New York, 2004 Foreword Corruption is an insidious plague that has a wide range of corrosive effects on societies. It undermines democracy and the rule of law, leads to violations of human rights, distorts markets, erodes the quality of life and allows organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish. This evil phenomenon is found in all countries—big and small, rich and poor—but it is in the developing world that its effects are most destructive. Corruption hurts the poor disproportionately by diverting funds intended for development, undermining a Government’s ability to provide basic services, feeding inequality and injustice and discouraging foreign aid and investment. Corruption is a key element in economic underperformance and a major obsta- cle to poverty alleviation and development. I am therefore very happy that we now have a new instrument to address this scourge at the global level. The adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption will send a clear message that the international community is determined to prevent and control corruption. It will warn the corrupt that betrayal of the public trust will no longer be tolerated. And it will reaffirm the importance of core values such as honesty, respect for the rule of law, account- ability and transparency in promoting development and making the world a better place for all. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, Now, therefore, The General Assembly, Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. -
His Excellency Ban Ki Moon, the United Nations Secretary General, UN Headquarters New York, NY 1007
His Excellency Ban Ki Moon, The United Nations Secretary General, UN Headquarters New York, NY 1007 RE: The Government of Rwanda's report on information and observations on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction Your Excellency, Reference is made to the UN General Assembly resolution 64/117 of 16 December 2009 which, in its operative paragraph 1, requests the Secretary General to invite Member States to submit information and observations on the scope and application of the principle ofuniversal jurisdiction, including information on the relevant applicable intemational treaties, their domestic legal rules and judicial practice, and to prepare and submit to the General Assembly, at its sixty-fifth session, a report based on such information and observations; we hereby submit to you the mentioned report. GENERAL INFORMATION AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION States generally exercise jurisdiction when the crime occurs in their territory. However, there is also a legal basis for extraterritorial jurisdiction provided that there is a connection between the alleged crime and the forum state. This connection or link can be based either on the Passive personality principle (e.g. when the victim is of the nationality of the prosecuting state) or the Active personality principle (e.g. when the defendant is of the nationality of a forurn state). In regard to universal jurisdiction, the first question that arises is whether it can be an effective tool for fighting -
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark GUIDE TO THE DANISH ELECTORAL SYSTEM 00 Contents 1 Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1. The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark ..................................................................................................4 1.1. Electoral Districts and Local Distribution of Seats ......................................................................................................4 1.2. The Electoral System Step by Step ..................................................................................................................................6 1.2.1. Step One: Allocating Constituency Seats ......................................................................................................................6 1.2.2. Step Two: Determining of Passing the Threshold .......................................................................................................7 1.2.3. Step Three: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Parties ...........................................................................................7 1.2.4. Step Four: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Provinces .........................................................................................8 1.2.5. Step Five: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Constituencies ...............................................................................8 -
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Luisa Blanchfield Specialist in International Relations Marjorie Ann Browne Specialist in International Relations March 18, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42999 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Summary Recent international events have renewed congressional interest in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). UNESCO is a specialized agency of the U.N. system that promotes collaboration among its member countries in the fields of education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and communications and information. With an annual budget of approximately $326 million, it supports more than 2,000 staff members working at its headquarters in Paris and 65 field offices and institutes worldwide. UNESCO activities are funded through a combination of assessed contributions by member states to its regular budget, and voluntary contributions by member states and organizations. U.S. Policy The United States is a member of UNESCO and generally supports the organization’s objectives. Over the years, however, some U.S. policymakers—particularly Members of Congress—have expressed strong concern with UNESCO’s politicization and, as some have alleged, lack of budget discipline and anti-democratic leanings. These concerns led to the United States’ decision to withdraw from the UNESCO between 1984 and 2003. Since the United States rejoined the organization, Members of Congress have demonstrated support for UNESCO—appropriating between $73 million and $84 million in assessed contributions per fiscal year, or about 22% of UNESCO’s annual regular budget. -
Rules for Companies Operating in Denmark
Juni 2018 Rules for companies operating in Denmark Foreign companies and posted workers performing work in Denmark must be familiar with Danish labour market regulations and must comply with these rules. In this leaflet you can read more about working conditions in Denmark, RUT, health and safety requirements and tax rules. You can read more on WorkplaceDenmark.dk. 2 Rules and rights when working in Denmark Contents Register of Foreign Service Providers Register of Foreign Service Providers (RUT) 4 Working conditions in Denmark The right to organise 5 Wages and salaries 5 Working hours 6 Holiday rules 6 Prohibition against discrimination 9 Equal opportunities and equal pay 9 VAT and tax VAT and tax 10 Danish working environment rules The Danish Working Environment Authority 12 Requirements for health and safety collaboration 12 Alternating workplaces 13 Workplace risk assessments 13 Industrial injuries Working for longer periods in Denmark 15 List of insurance companies in Denmark 15 Reporting industrial injuries 16 Health and safety in the building and construction sector Advice for ensuring safe and healthy building sites 19 Handbook on health and safety in the building and construction sector 19 Rules and rights when working in Denmark 3 Register of Foreign Service Providers As a foreign employer temporarily pro- pany has been registered, you will viding services in Denmark, you must receive a receipt containing your RUT notify the Register of Foreign Service number. You will need to use this when Providers (RUT) electronically about you contact the Danish authorities. your company and services. This also applies to self-employed contractors If you perform work in building and without employees. -
Report Submitted by UNESCO to the 19Th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII)
Report submitted by UNESCO to the 19th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) 13 - 24 April 2020 Executive summary: In 2017, the Executive Board of UNESCO noted with satisfaction its Policy on Engaging with Indigenous Peoples, a policy that harmonises the mandated programme work of UNESCO with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. During 2019, all Sectors of UNESCO engaged in activities related to the IYIL2019. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) served as the lead UN agency for the organization of the International Year of Indigenous Languages 2019, which is covered in a separate report to the UNPFII. In October 2019, the Director General appointed Mexican actress, Ms. Yalitza Aparicio, as the UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for Indigenous Peoples. Her priorities are on human rights, dignity, indigenous languages, and the rights of domestic workers. Each Sector of UNESCO has contributed to the implementation of the UNDRIP System-wide Action Plan (SWAP). Some Regional Offices have been particularly engaged, owing to their circumstances. Notably, Santiago Office has been working on intercultural and multilingual education including the mobilization of indigenous knowledge systems. Montevideo Office has been concentrating on indigenous engagement in the Man and Biosphere programme, including indigenous knowledge and culture components. Bangkok Office has been engaged in a series of education events including on multilingualism and inclusivity. The Paris Headquarters has focused on indigenous knowledge of biodiversity, ecosystems and climate change. Contributing to the work plan of the UNFCCC Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (LCIPP). The Natural Sciences Sector hosts the IPBES Technical Support Unit on Indigenous and Local Knowledge (TSU on ILK). -
United Nations Peacekeeping
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING NFHS POTENTIAL DEBATE TOPIC 2022-2023 July 1, 2021 Submitted by: Ryan Nierman Wylie E. Groves High School Beverly Hills, Michigan Ruth Kay Detroit Country Day School Beverly Hills, Michigan Background The United Nations (UN) was founded as an international organization in 1945. It is made up of 193 Member States. Over a 72-year period, more than 1 million individuals from 125 countries have served in 71 peacekeeping missions. As of 2021 there are approximately 90,000 peacekeepers in 12 operations around the world (UN 2021). The number one goal of UN Peacekeeping is to protect civilians. In addition to their main goal, the UN identifies a total of six objectives of their Peacekeeping operations: Protecting civilians, Preventing conflicts, Building Rule of Law and security institutions, Promoting human rights, Empowering women, and Delivery of field support. Of late, the UN has made a commitment to include more women in peacekeeping roles. Ultimately, the deployment of women as peacekeepers is up to the member states. But the UN has established a global effort to increase the role of women. According to the UN, “The 2028 target for women serving in military contingents is 15%, and 25% for military observers and staff officers. The 2028 target for women serving in formed police units is 20%, and 30% for individual police officers.” Main Organs The main organs of the United Nations (UN) are the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat. The General Assembly is the main organ of the United Nations.